能源与环境系统工程概论1

能源与环境系统工程概论1 1第一章 概念题 1.系统的定义、特点 系统:由相互作用和相互依赖的若干组成部分按一定规律结合而成的、具有特定功能的有机整体，而且这个系统本身又是它所属的一个更大的系统的组成部分。 特点:?整体性 ?关联性 ?目的性 ?环境适应性 ?有序性 ?动态性 2.系统工程学的定义、特点 系统工程学:对系统进行合理规划、研究、设计和运行管理的思想、步骤、组织和技巧的总称。 特点:?研究 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 的总体性 ?处理问题的综合性 ?组织管理上的科学化和现代化 3.环境和环境问题,从中国法律界定角度, 环境:《中华人民共和国环境保护法》规定，环境指影响人类生存和发展的各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总体，包括大气、水、海洋、土地、矿藏、森林、草原、野生动物、自然遗迹、自然保护区、风景名胜区、城市和乡村等。 环境问题:狭义上，由于人类的生产和生活活动，使自然生态失去平衡，反过来影响人类生存和发展的一切问题。广义上，自然力或人力引起生态平衡遭到破坏，最后直接或间接影响人类生存和发展的一切客观问题。 4.环境系统评价 环境系统评价:指按照评价目标，对评价环境系统的功能、特性、经济效益、社会效益和环境效益等属性进行科学的测定，并根据给定的评价 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 和主观判断把测定结果转换成环境系统的价值，供决策者参考。 5.可持续发展 可持续发展:既满足当代人的需求，又不危及后代人需求的发展，既实现经济发展目标，又实现人类赖以生存的自然资源与环境的和谐，使子孙后代安居乐业得以持续发展。 6.清洁生产、生态工业和循环经济 清洁生产:对生产过程与产品采取整体预防性的环境策略，以减少其对人类及环境可能的危害。 生态工业:按生态经济原理和知识经济规律组织起来的基于生态系统承载能力、具有高效的经济过程及和谐的生态功能的网络型进化型工业，它通过两个或两个以上的生产体系或环节之间的系统融合使物质和能量多级利用，高效产出或持续利用。 循环经济:是对物质闭环流动型经济的简称。 问答题 1. 简述生态道德的基本原则和生态道德 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的主要内容 , 生态道德的基本原则: 1) 维持生态系统平衡的生态整体主义原则 2) 坚持共生共荣、协调发展 3) 坚持长期利益和短期利益相结合 4) 维护人与自然关系的和谐发展原则 5) 人类利用和开发自然的人道主义原则 construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. (用尊重自然的态度取代占有自然的欲望，用爱护自己的活动取代征服自然的行为;用人类保护自然的自觉调解来取代自然本身的自发调节;用人对自然的义务感来偿还人对自然的战友和利用。要求人类必须尊重自然万物的生存与发展权利，最忠实为了维护人类自身的生存和发展权利。) , 生态道德规范的主要内容: 1) 热爱自然，与自然为友 2) 利用开发自然与保护自然相结合 3) “索取”与“给予”相统一 4) 利用自然资源和保护环境相结合 5) 维护和改善生存环境 6) 培养维护生态平衡的献身精神 2. 自然环境、人工环境和社会环境的关系 自然环境、人工环境和社会环境相互联系、相互影响、相互依存，共同组成人类的生态环境。自然环境支撑、调节、涵养人工环境和社会环境，以适应人类生活和生产的需要。自然环境的恶化会破坏人工环境和社会环境，以致造成难以弥补的损失。自然环境有赖于人工环境的美化、衬托、补充，使之更利于人类的生活和生产。但是，人工环境的不适当地建造和发展，也会损害自然生态，直接或间接地损害人类的生存和发展。 3. 物质生产圈、人的生产圈和环境生产圈的关系 物质生产圈为人的生产圈提供物质需求的消费产品，向环境生产圈排放生产过程中的污染物而污染环境;人的生产圈为物质生产圈提供人和技术资源，向环境生产圈排放消费过程中的污染物而污染环境;环境生产圈依靠自己的净化能力和生产能力向物质生产圈提供资源和生产环境，向人的生产圈提供人类文明所需的生存条件或环境。 4. 简述可持续发展理论的主要内容,要点+适当阐述, 1) 发展是可持续发展的前提 (经济发展是保护生态系统和环境的前提条件，没有经济的发展和科学的进步，环境保护也就失去了物质基础。只有强大的物质基础和技术支持，才能使环境保护和经济发展持续协调的发展，所以应在发展中实现持续，对于发展中的我国理当如此。) 2) 全人类的共同努力是实现可持续发展的关键 (当前世界上的许多环境问题与资源问题已超越国界和地区界限，具有全球的规模。) 3) 公平性是实现可持续发展的尺度 (当代人之间的公平、代际之间的公平、有限资源的均匀分配。) 4) 社会的广泛参与是实现可持续发展的保证 5) 生态文明是实现可持续发展的目标 (生态文明主张人与自然和谐共生;人类不能超越生态系统的承载能力，不能损害支持地球生命的自然系统。) 6) 可持续发展的实施以适宜的政策和法律体系为条件 (综合决策、公众参与) 5. 简述中国实现可持续发展面临的问题和对策 , 面临的问题: 1) 中国在人口等诸多方面具有相当大的压力 2) 可持续发展战略在实施过程中存在着管理问题 3) 缺少公众参与的组织机制 construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 能源与环境系统工程概论复习 , 中国实现可持续发展的对策: 1) 控制人口数量，提高人口素质，开发人力资源 2) 控制城市规模，调整城市生态，发展乡镇企业 3) 采用清洁生产，扶持环保产业，实现工业生态化 4) 提高公众的环保意识，增大资金的投入，运行市场经济手段保护环境 5) 继续发扬“全球伙伴”精神，开展广泛的国际合作 6. 简述能源与环境系统工程的任务 能源与环境系统工程可以为世界、国家、地区、企业等能源与环境系统作预测、分析、规划、管理和评价等工作，具体说包括: 1) 能源需求预测 2) 能源供应预测 3) 能源发展规划 4) 能源的合理分配和使用 5) 能源利用率的提高和环境污染的控制 6) 能源与环境系统分析 第二章 概念题 1. 能源的定义和分类 能源:在自然界中拥有某种形式的能量，并且在一定条件下能够转换成人们所需要的某种形式的能量的自然资源。 2. 洁净煤技术 洁净煤技术:在煤炭开发、利用过程中减少对环境的危害，同时从煤炭这一传统的“不清洁”能源获得“清洁”的气体与液体燃料的技术。 3. 煤的间接液化 煤炭的间接液化:将煤气化得到的原料气，在一定条件下，经催化合成石油及其他化学产品的加工过程，又称一氧化碳加氢法。 4. 煤的多联产 煤的多联产:实质是以煤炭为原料，通过把多种煤炭转化技术有机集成在一起，同时获得多种高附加值的化工产品(如脂肪烃和芳香烃)、多种洁净的二次能源(气体燃料、液体燃料、电)及其他产品。 5. 抽水蓄能水电站 抽水蓄能水电站:利用电网中负荷低谷时的电力，把下水库的水抽到上水库蓄能，待电网高峰负荷时，再放水到下水库进行发电的一种水电站. 6. 热堆和快堆 热堆:热中子反应堆。包括轻水堆和重水堆，前者以普通水做冷却剂兼减速剂，以浓缩铀为燃料;后者以重水做冷却剂和减速剂，使用天然铀为燃料。 快堆:快中子增殖堆。只有冷却剂，没有减速剂，直接利用核裂变产生的高速运动的中子来维持链式裂变反应的进行。 -3- construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 7. 可燃冰 可燃冰:主要成分是甲烷水合物，是在高压低温条件下，由气体或挥发性液体与水相互作用过程中形成的白色固态结晶物质，外观像冰。 简答题 1. 简述各种洁净煤技术的原理、特点和应用(REF P53) , 煤炭加工技术: 1) 煤炭洗选技术 2) 煤粉成型技术 3) 动力配煤技术 4) 水煤浆技术 , 煤炭高效洁净燃烧技术: 1) 循环流化床燃烧技术 2) 高效低污染的粉煤燃烧技术 , 煤炭转化技术: 1) 煤炭的干馏技术 2) 煤炭气化技术 3) 煤炭的地下气化 4) 煤炭的直接液化 5) 煤炭的间接液化 6) 整体气化联合循环发电技术 7) 燃料电池 8) 煤的多联产 2. 简述太阳能的优缺点及主要利用技术 优点:既是一次能源，又是可再生能源;资源丰富，既可免费使用，又无需运输，对环境任何污染。 缺点:能流密度低;其强度受各种因素(季节、地点、气候)的影响不能维持常量。 技术:太阳能—热能交换技术(太阳能热发电技术、太阳能制冷技术、太阳能热水系统)、太阳能—光电转换技术、太阳能—化学能转化技术 3. 简述生物质利用的主要技术原理和特点 1) 化学转换技术 包括直接燃烧、液化、气化、热解等方法。热解技术是生物质受高温加热后，其分子破裂而产生可燃气体、液体及固体的热加工过程。生物质气化是指将固体或液体燃料转化为气体燃料的热化学过程。通过气化后加以利用的生物质，比煤气化后加以利用的效果要好。 2) 生物质物理转换技术 主要是指生物质压制成型技术。将农村剩余物进行粉碎烘干分级处理，放入成型挤压机，在一定的压力和温度下形成较高密度的固体燃料——压块细密成型技术。目前成本太高。 3) 生物化学转换技术 利用生物质厌氧发酵产生沼气和在微生物作用下生成酒精等能源产品。 4. 风力发电机的原理 风能产生三种力以驱动发电机工作，分别为轴向力、径向力和切向力。当气流经过风翼型叶片 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面时，气体在叶片迎风面压力小于背风面，由此产生提升力，导致转子绕中心轴旋转，带动发电机发电。 construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 能源与环境系统工程概论复习 5. 可再生能源中长期发展规划重点发展领域,,, 1) 水电 2) 生物质能(生物质发电、生物质固体成型燃料、生物质燃气、生物质液体燃料) 3) 风电 4) 太阳能(太阳能发电、热利用) 5) 其他可再生能源 6) 农村可再生能源利用 第三章 概念题 1. ODS、ODP、GWP、TEWI ODS:Ozone Depletion Substance，消耗臭氧层物质. ODP:Ozone Depletion Potential，臭氧层消耗潜能值，以R11 为基准值，定为1.0. GWP:Global Warming Potential，温室效应潜能值，以R11 为基准值，定为1.0. TEWI:Total Equivalent Warming Impact，地球综合变暖值. 2. EER、SEER EER:Energy Efficiency Ratio，采暖空调的能效比. SEER:Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio，季节能效比. 3. 人工环境 人工环境:是指人类以自然环境为依托，按照自己生活和生产的需要，对自然环境进行加工、改造所形成的环境，也称认为环境，如疗养区、城市、农村、工矿区等。 4. 热电冷联产 热电冷联产:是指利用一种能源有效地产生并供给电和热两种二次能的系统，若利用热来制冷则是热电冷联产。 5. 空调病 空调病:因为在空调房呆的时间过长，引起的关节酸痛、颈僵背硬、腰沉臀重、肢痛足麻，或头晕脑胀、头晕目眩，以及咳嗽头痛、流鼻涕等感冒的症状，就是空调综合症，简称空调病。 简答题 1. 制冷领域所面临的两大主要问题,说明其基本原理,包括方程式, 1) 臭氧层破坏 CFC释放后会在地球附近的对流层中存在三十年，然后升入同温层，在同温层中通过紫外线辐射释放氯原子，氯使得臭氧O3减少一个氧原子变成氧气O2，而氧气不能阻止紫外线辐射。 CFCl + h ? CFCl +Cl XYvXY-1 Cl + O?ClO +O 32 O + h ?2O 2v ClO +O?Cl +O 2 2) 全球变暖 地球吸收太阳能量后辐射频谱的峰值出现在红外区，而红外线遇到水蒸汽、二氧化碳和 -5- construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 其他的红外线吸收物(比如甲烷、臭氧、CFC 等)就无法穿过大气层。如果大气层中吸收红外线的物质急剧增加到一定得范围，那么大量本该散发的热量就会滞留，地球表面温度就会因此呈现升高趋势。 2. 热舒适环境的影响因素 1) 空气温度及其在空间的分布及随时间的变化 2) 相对湿度 3) 气流速度 4) 维护结构的平均辐射温度 5) 人体体温调节 6) 衣服保温性能 3. 空调建筑得热的三种途径 1) 太阳辐射通过窗户进入室内构成太阳辐射得热 2) 维护结构传热得热 3) 窗缝隙空气渗透得热 4. 影响建筑空调负荷的主要因素 1) 维护结构的热阻和蓄热性能 2) 房间朝向状况和蓄热能力 3) 窗墙面积比 5. 空调建筑节能的设计要点 1) 空调建筑应尽量避免东西朝向或东西向窗户，以减少太阳直接辐射得热 2) 空调房应集中布置、上下对齐。温湿度要求相近的空调房间宜相邻布置 3) 空调房间应避免布置在转角处、有伸缩缝处及顶层。若必须布置在顶层，屋顶应有良好的隔热措施 4) 在满足功能要求的前提上，空调建筑外表面积宜尽可能的小，表面宜采用浅色，房间净高宜降低 5) 外窗面积应尽量减小，窗墙面积比不宜超过0.30(单层窗)和0.40(双层窗)。向阳或东西向窗户宜采用反射玻璃、反射阳光镀膜和有效的遮阳构件 6) 外窗气密性不低于《建筑外窗气密性能分级和检测方法》(GB7107-2002)中规定的3 级水平 7) 维护结构的传热系数应符合《采暖通风与空气调节设计规范》(GB50019-2003)规定的要求 8) 间歇使用的空调建筑，其外围护结构内侧和内维护结构宜采用轻质材料，连续使用的空调建筑，其外围护结构内侧和内维护结构宜采用厚重材料 6. 冰蓄冷技术及其优缺点 冰蓄冷空调技术，是在电力负荷较低的夜间用电低谷时期采用制冷机制冷，利用冰的蓄冷特性将冷量储存起来。在电力负荷较高的白天用电高峰期，把病中储存的冷量释放出来，来满足建筑物空调或生产工艺要求。 优点:a.降低空调系统的运行费用;b.制冷机组容量小于常规空调系统;c.在某些常规空调系统配上冰蓄冷设备可以提高30%-50%的供冷能力;d.可以作为稳定的冷源供应，提高空调系统的运行可靠性;e.制冷设备大多处于满负荷运行状况，减少开停机次数，延长设备使用寿命;f.对电网进行削峰填谷，提高了电网运行稳定性、经济型，降低发电能耗;g.降低发电厂对环境的污染。 缺点:a.蓄冷时冷却机组蒸发温度较低，从而使压缩机COP 变小;b.设备管路复杂，占用空construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 能源与环境系统工程概论复习 间大;c.设计、调试以及运行控制较常规系统复杂。 第四章 概念题 1. 水体中的主要污染物 对水体污染影响较大的污染物有:固体污染物、需氧污染物、植物营养物质污染、有毒污染物、酸碱污染物、生物污染物等。 2. 水体自净 水体自净:进入水体的污染物，通过一系列屋里、化学和生物等作用，使污染物的浓度逐渐降低，经过一段时间后，水体将恢复到受污染前的状态，这一现象称为水体自净。 3. 主要大气污染物 按照大气污染物的存在状态可分为气溶胶状态污染物和气体污染物，按照与污染的关系，可以将其分为一次污染物和二次污染物。 4. 固体废物分类 按化学性质:无机废物、有机废物 按来源:矿业固体废物、工业固体废物、城市垃圾、农业废物、放射性固体废物 按理化性质:城市生活垃圾、工业固体废物、有毒有害固体废物 5. 固体废物处理三大原则 无害化(Recycle)、减量化(Reduction)、资源化(Reuse) 问答题 1. 国家相关排放标准中主要的水质指标有哪些 1)悬浮物 2)废水中的有机物(BOD、COD、TOC、TOD) 3)pH值 4)细菌数 5)有毒物质 2. 废水处理的基本方法 1) 物理处理法 格栅与筛网、沉淀法、气浮法、离心分离 2) 化学处理法 中和法、混凝法、化学沉淀法、氧化还原法、吸附法、离子交换法、膜分离 3) 生物处理法 好氧生物处理法、厌氧生物处理法、自然生物处理法 3. 大气污染主要有哪些(?) 来源有燃料燃烧、工业生产过程、农业生产过程、交通运输。 主要污染物有气溶胶污染物(粉尘、烟、雾)、气体污染物(硫氧化物、氮氧化物、碳氧化物、碳氢化物、HF等)。 4. 颗粒污染物的治理技术有哪些 1) 机械式除尘(重力沉降室、惯性除尘器、旋风除尘器) -7- construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment. 2) 湿式洗涤除尘 3) 过滤除尘(内部过滤、外部过滤) 4) 静电除尘 5. 气态污染物的治理技术有哪些 1) 一般净化方法(燃烧法、吸收法、吸附法、冷凝法、催化转化法) 2) 主要有害气体 , 二氧化硫治理技术 燃料脱硫(煤炭的固态加工、煤的气化和液化、重油脱硫)、燃烧过程中脱硫、烟气脱硫(湿法、湿干法、干法) , 氮氧化物治理技术 吸收法(水吸收法、酸吸收法、碱性溶液吸收法)、吸附法、催化还原法 , 含氟废气治理技术 吸收法、吸附法 , 重金属废气治理技术 6. 固体废物的主要危害 1) 污染土壤——占用土地、毒化土壤 2) 污染水体——淤塞水域、破坏水体 3) 污染大气 4) 影响环境卫生，传播疾病 5) 浪费资源——人力和财力的浪费、资源浪费 7. 固体废物处理主要有哪些方法 1) 物理处理 (通过浓缩或相变改变固体废物的结构，使之成为便于运输、储存、利用或处置的形态。方法包括压实、破碎、分选、增稠和吸附等，作为回收固体废物中有价值物质的重要手段。) 2) 化学处理 (采用化学方法破坏固体废物中的有害成分从而使其达到无害化。方法包括氧化还原、中和、化学沉淀和化学溶出等。) 3) 生物处理 (利用微生物分解固体废物中可降解的有机物，从而使其达到无害化或综合利用。方法包括好氧处理、厌氧处理和兼性厌氧处理。处理后在容积、形态等方面均发生重大变化便于运输、储存、利用和处置。) 4) 热处理 (通过高温破坏和改变固体废物组成和结构，使废物中有机有害物质得到分解或转化处理，同时达到减容、无害化或综合利用的目的。) 5) 固化处理 (采用固化剂将废物固定或包裹起来以降低其对环境的危害。利于安全地运输和处置。主要对象是危险固体废物。) construction of lifting ... Pressure gauges, using an installed spark arrestor for acetylene cylinders, illegal carrying, using gas cylinders, each operator fined 20 Yuan. Gas bottle without the hot sun exposure measures, responsibilities of team a fine of 50 Yuan. (7) at height and the opening and provisional protective measures have been taken, the responsible unit fined 200 Yuan, construction person in charge a fine of 50 Yuan. (8) no permit to work and the job in accordance with the provisions, on the job unit fined 300 yuan, the unit will charge a fine of 100 Yuan. 7.5.3 accident penalties (1) injuries fatalities directly punished 1~2 million. Direct responsibility for the accident and have the corresponding responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions, should be brought to the company or the relevant Department. (2) personal injury accident occurred, the direct punishment 0.5-10,000 yuan, responsible for the direct responsibility for the accident and the responsibility of leadership, such as concerning administrative sanctions should be dealt with by the personnel Department of the company. (3) personal injury accident occurs, the direct punishment 500-1000, who is directly responsible for the accident responsibility, give notice of criticism and 50-100 economic sanctions against them. (4) to conceal the accident, reported without undue delay or false, to inform the administrative leadership of the criticism, resulting in serious consequences, the pursuit of leadership, along with 500-1000 punishment.