经济全球化----亚洲与中国（Economic globalization - Asia and China）

经济全球化----亚洲与中国（Economic globalization - Asia and China） 经济全球化----亚洲与中国(Economic globalization - Asia and China) All articles in this station are extracted from Internet. If it involves copyright, please inform the webmaster in time and delete it immediately!!. Your location, home page, economic papers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Economic globalization - Asia and China The trend of economic globalization can not be reversed Modern big companies aim at the whole world National strength lies in the enterprise group Sands Trom (Deputy Managing Director of the World Bank): globalization has taken place. We cannot reverse the trend of globalisation, because progress in science and technology that promotes globalisation cannot be reversed. In fact, the speed of globalization is speeding up and the scope is expanding. Fraser (former Prime Minister of Australia): the global company will now have a completely different structure. The same is true of its products and services. It does not separate the national units of each country, but only one unified unit of sale - the whole world. Some aspects of the company's activities are clearly local, but the overall framework of the company will be organized on a global basis, and different production factors will be obtained from existing best practices globally. In today's world, the formulation of government policy must satisfy the desire of the international market. Nolan (University of Cambridge "Chinese Management Office Senior Economist): in today's society, economic competition between countries is actually each country of large enterprises and enterprise groups competition. The economic strength of a country is concentrated in the economic strength and international competitiveness of the large enterprises and groups in the country. The actual international economic conflicts show that if a country has several large enterprises or groups, it can maintain a certain market share in the world economic order, and can occupy a stable position. The United States, for example, relies on general motors, Boeing, the DuPont Co, and a number of other multinational companies. Japan relies on 6 large conglomerates, while South Korea relies on 10 large business groups. Masire (former president of Botswana): in the world, people are increasingly aware of no country can live in seclusion, without international cooperation will achieve the sustainable development of the global economy. The role of cross-border trade, political, diplomatic, artistic and cultural cooperation in regional economic integration is undeniable, which is the basis of economic globalization. Not one (South Korea Global Economic Research Institute president and CEO): the economic globalization is a very important aspect of the world financial market integration, the financial globalization. Financial globalization is the main reason for the spread of the Asian financial crisis to the whole world. In international financial markets, foreign exchange trading volume is $2 trillion per day, but the volume directly related to the actual economic activities is very small, and most of the rest are purely financial speculation. Miyazaki Yong (Japan Daiwa Institute special adviser, Japan China economic knowledge exchange consultant): "economic globalization" trend in the background there are three changes: first, changes in people's values, namely the people concerned from the war to care about peace, for the economic development of the sense of expectation has been changed; second, almost all countries in the implementation of reform and modernization, the domestic economic structure transition to the market economy at the same time, the adoption of trade, capital and technology of the open policy, the result is beyond the borders of market economy, has become the world's market economy; third, progress prompted the second change trend of the information revolution. Learning to control the process of economic globalization The inequalities between the rich and the poor are expanding Laissez faire financial system will lead to collapse ? inequality leads to new international conflicts Sands Trom: globalization affects everyone, and is closely linked to the risk of severe economic unrest and the cyclical cycle of prosperity and crisis. In general, as we look at these cycles, we believe that globalization is beneficial to development and poverty alleviation. In addition, globalization is a process that requires us to learn how to control. The ability to improve economic management can reduce the risk of economic turmoil. Countries can use the power of globalization to serve poor people through their policies and systems. Countries that are concerned about equity should not avoid globalization. They should not deny the benefits of globalization. The challenge now is how to make these benefits more inclusive. Raman Jun (Chairman of Thailand former deputy prime minister and Minister of finance, Thailand agricultural pioneer company): we often hear about the high degree of industrialization, the economy developed into rich countries requires a low level of industrialization, the underdeveloped countries on the topic of the market now. But we seldom hear of the further opening up of the developed countries to the less developed countries. Previously protected, subsidized sector sectors in developed countries are now highly protected and heavily subsidized. Therefore, trade liberalization in bilateral negotiations or multilateral negotiations is a one-way rather than a two-way process. In developed countries, for example, labor-intensive industries such as textiles, clothing, food processing, fisheries and agricultural products are highly protected and highly subsidized. At the same time, however, our less developed countries have been under great pressure to open up high-tech products, agricultural products, cigarettes, tobacco and alcoholic beverages. Developed countries have great advantages in research, development and investment. Therefore, they advocate the great efforts to protect intellectual property rights. Countries with low levels of industrialization are forced to modify their legal and judicial systems in return for existing market access to rich countries. Due to the strict protection of intellectual property rights, monopoly and the monopoly profits originating from underdeveloped countries were generated. In the field of medicine and medical equipment, developed countries do not consider humanitarian factors at all. In other respects, the rights and interests of consumers in less developed countries are not guaranteed. As a result, there is a huge imbalance in the distribution of trade profits between rich and poor countries, between poor and rich countries, and within a country. Fraser: if the long term capital management with high debt rate allowed speculative fund operation, the entire financial system will emerge of itself and perish of itself, leading to systemic collapse. George Soros has warned us. He wrote: "although I have been in the financial market to earn money, but now I worry laissez-faire capitalism is not restricted to infinite expansion, and all aspects of the infiltration of market value to our lives, will endanger our open and democratic society...... Too much competition and too little cooperation can lead to intolerable inequalities and instability. The tenet of laissez faire capitalism is that public interest is achieved through an endless pursuit of individual interests. Unless we recognize that certain common interests need to be placed before our particular interests, our current system is likely to collapse." Bogomolov (Russian Academy of international economic and political honorary director): if some countries are always in a bad state, not to bring the interests of the international contact, the adverse consequences of inequality and asymmetric interdependence will lead to international conflicts. Since 1980, the strength of 60 countries has been declining. A hotbed of marginal countries such failure may become violent nationalism, political instability, terrorism, rebellion. Tubal (Zach jeek Egyptian professor of economics, University of the National Democratic Party Finance Committee): with the goods, services and capital flows before the barriers and restrictions of the cancellation, the information and communication revolution, the development of modern technology and international Corporate Events scope, the country will play what role? What will be the limit to the sovereignty of the state? Can the developed countries provide a long time for developing countries to develop their economies? What role should international organizations and developed countries play in developing financial and technical support for developing countries? Will the traditional methods and policies of the central bank still work? Or is it necessary to develop new ways to help the central bank to protect the balance of money in the context of globalization? What are the financial instruments that help protect the balance of money? ? the International Monetary Fund has been challenged ? a crisis buffer mechanism should be established Wanandi (member of the Management Committee of Indonesia international and Strategic Research Center): one of the major causes of instability is the severe international economic turmoil. In order to solve it, can not expect a new global financial architecture to eliminate the international economic cycle, can not be erected protectionist barriers to trade and investment flows with external economic turmoil in isolation, we have established a set of institutions and policies to buffer the next round of turmoil, such as establish strong supervision of the banking system, the international standby credit network, can return external turmoil and perfect not the expansion of public budgeting procedures and institutions, and resolve the external turmoil of a foreign exchange mechanism. Public sector institutions is economic reform in the black hole, because it absorbs manpower and investment to the society of the income is very low, disrupting the labor market, reducing the country's overall productivity, undermine the international competitiveness, and easily falling victim to the interests of the. They are often at the center of corruption that is eroding the political system. At the same time, bad institutions are also a major obstacle to improving living standards in developing countries. That is why deregulation and the reduction of government regulation can solve a lot of problems in many sectors of public spending. Fraser: the Asian economic crisis that began in 1997 provides us with many opportunities for reflection. We also need to point out that Malaysia, which refuses to accept IMF restrictions, seems to be doing well. This raises the question of the universal applicability of the IMF rules that are now accepted as a universal principle that is not breached. China has kept its currency from depreciating throughout the Asian financial turmoil, which provides an important example of how to maintain economic stability. By maintaining its currency value, China stabilized its financial markets and prevented further contagion from the Asian financial turmoil. It provides us with a classic example of how the government's judgments go beyond the influence of unrestricted free influence markets. This case can more clearly prompt us to question the universal applicability of the rules and practices of the IMF than any other case. In the Raman: when Malaysia launched in 1998 the economic recovery plan, the International Monetary Fund, international financiers and investors believe that large capital outflows will eventually lead to Malaysia economic paralysis, no hope of recovery. As a result, they were all wrong. On the contrary, Thailand and Indonesia have a longer recovery cycle than Malaysia. South Korea's situation is different, recovery time is shorter. The credibility of the International Monetary Fund has been lost, at least in East asia. Not one: since the Asian financial crisis broke out in Thailand, the establishment of a new global financial pattern has become an important policy issue of the international community, put forward specific proposals to change the old financial system, and has made substantial progress. However, in the three important aspects of the old pattern, no decisive step has been taken. The three aspects are short-term capital flow, prevention and resolution of the private participation crisis, and the establishment of a major currency exchange rate mechanism. The Asian financial crisis tells us that the macroeconomic fundamentals are better, such as high savings, heavy investment and good financial discipline, and there is no guarantee that the country will not have a financial crisis. The Asian financial crisis illustrates the importance of institutional factors, including good governance structures, the rule of law, and the rational use of the rule of law. In addition, good macroeconomic fundamentals are needed to prevent the crisis. Reform is imperative Don't act too hastily Call the new rules In the Raman: Asian countries must accept the spread of new information technology and financial innovations, but we should not act with undue haste, step by step toward that direction, but also to avoid the negative effects of short-term. Market globalism advocates often say that globalization is a kind of "not to be, is nowhere" theory. Each country can and should, on the basis of the size of the country, the level of development, or the political, social and cultural realities, implement market liberalization on the premise of partial control of the capital. After the Asian financial crisis, many countries, such as Singapore and Malaysia, to some extent, including Thailand, followed this principle. It is an effective safety net to ensure that the domestic market is protected from speculators and external instability. During the last Asian economic crisis, the Asian Development Bank played a very limited role in preventing the crisis and helping the crisis hit countries to restore their economies. In essence, the role of the Asian Development Bank is only a duplicate of the world bank. Although it is a regional development bank, its ability to analyze the local economy is not much better than that of global financial institutions. We have not heard that the Asian Development Bank has made realistic and constructive proposals for economic development. The Asian Development Bank wants to develop into a trustworthy regional financial institution, and the reform is imperative. Fraser: the present international economic system urgently needs to be reformed and more stringent and prudent rules of international supervision and control be formulated. Past examples have repeatedly shown that the IMF can only respond to crises. It is never move, can not effectively prevent the crisis. If this happens as a result of its charter, the question deserves further investigation. There are problems with the way the International Monetary Fund operates. The scale of operations in non bank financial, derivative and speculative financial markets is very large and their impact is simply unpredictable. Companies operating in these markets are often able to escape from the supervision of the normal supervision system, which is aimed only at the official banking sector. So these risks are enormous, and if we do not have a structured system to deal with them, it could lead to a systemic crash. There is an urgent need for an international organization to develop fair trade rules in a globalized environment. The creation of this international organization has benefited the most when it is a medium-sized or small country.