xps挤塑聚苯板

xps挤塑聚苯板 只有膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统JG149,2003的标准和JGJ144,2004的技术规程 回答人的补充 2009-12-05 15:05 在国内，挤塑板(XPS)应用于外墙外保温还没有相关的国家和行业标准，然而XPS已经越来越多的被应用于外墙外保温中。结合挤塑板外保温工程应用的一些经验，本文就挤塑板的材料性能要求及外保温应用技术和同行作一些探讨。 虽然中华人民共和国建筑工业行业标准JG149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙烯保温板外墙保温系统)是针对膨胀聚苯板(EPS)提出的，中华人民共和国建筑工业标准JGJ144-2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)更是把挤塑聚苯板(XPS)拒之标准以外，但目前国内XPS还是大量被应用于外墙外保温系统中。近几年国内EPS的价格降了许多，且XPS与EPS相比有导热系数小、抗压强度高、系统刚度高等优点，由于国内没有XPS外墙外保温体系的相关标准，很多厂家都推出了自己企业的内部标准，由于每个厂家的内部标准要求不一致，导致工程应用中出现了一些失败的案例，但也不乏成功的例子。结合我公司在该体系做法的一些经验，对XPS外墙外保温体系与同行做一些探索和分析。 一、XPS板质量标准探索 XPS之所以不为国家及地方标准认可和推荐，主要是业内普遍认为XPS存在透气性差，表面光滑，易于翘曲变性等因素。既然XPS已在工程中大量的被使用，我们就不能忽略这些因素的影响，应该对外墙外保温用挤塑板的相关性能指标提出更合理的标准。关于XPS的国家标准GB/T10801.2-2002在2003年就制定了，在近几年的实际工程应用中，可以看出国标GB/T10801.2-2002中相关指标已不再符合XPS外墙外保温体系的实际情况，下面对照国家标准GB/T10801.2-2002 的相关指标作一些探讨: 1、规格尺寸(毫米) 现国家标准:长度1200，1250，2450，2500。宽度600，900，12009p 国内厂家实际标准:常用的有1200、1800两种 在实际工程应用中，过大尺寸的挤塑板，会导致工人较难平整粘贴。满粘聚合物砂浆后质量比较重，不利施工。 标准建议:建议参照行业标准JGJ 144—2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)推荐的尺寸1200*600毫米。 2、允许偏差(mm)ww 现国家标准:长度和宽允许偏差 ?7.5毫米，对角允许偏差?7毫米。厚度允许偏差?毫米2(厚度，50=(以规格1200*600的板为基准)。 国内厂家实际标准:参照国标。 在实际工程应用中，此误差会导致施工困难，成为外保温开裂脱落的一个诱因。 标准建议:建议参照行业标准JG 149-2003中EPS板允许偏差，长度允许偏差?2.0，宽度允许偏差?1.0，对角允许偏差?3.0。厚度允许偏差?1.5(厚度，50。(单位:毫米) 3、表面处理 现国家标准:未作强制性规定。 国内厂家实际标准:光面，压花，人工打毛，涂刷界面砂浆。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 在实际工程应用中，有的厂家提出，改善了粘结聚合物砂浆的粘结性能，但在光面挤塑板上粘贴，效果还是不太理想，光面挤塑板粘结力约仅为打毛板60%，所以挤塑板板表面进行处理是很有必要的。 标准建议:外墙用挤塑板禁止光面直接使用，强制进行表面处理，并要做挤塑板与粘结砂浆的粘结强度拉拔试验。 4、抗折抗弯抗拉 现国家标准:无 国内厂家实际标准:无。 在实际工厂应用中，挤塑板的抗折抗弯抗拉强度是整个外保温体系稳定性和耐久性不可忽略的重要因素。 标准建议:实际积累数据较少。 5、颜色，外观 现国家标准:产品表面平整，无夹杂物，颜色均匀 。不应有影响使用的可见缺陷，如起泡，裂口，变形等。 国内厂家实际标准:参照国标 实际工程应用中，某些品牌的挤塑板平整度欠佳，影响施工质量。 标准建议:对外墙用挤塑板平整度指标可以参照行业标准JG 149-2003中EPS板的平整度允许偏差。 6、燃烧性能 现国家标准:按GB8624分级达到B2级。 国内厂家实际标准:受成本和技术能力制约，比较忽视阻燃性问题。实际工程应用中，有大量非阴燃型挤塑板。 标准建议:制定标准等级，严禁使用非阴燃挤塑板。 7、透湿性能 现国家国准标:X250带表皮，小于3.0。不带表皮W200，小于3.5。 国内厂家:参照国标。 实际工程应用，有设计人员提出挤塑板透气性太差而选用聚苯板。外墙用EPS水蒸汽透过系数值在4.5左右，通过打磨处理或不带皮的XPS板的水蒸汽透过系数值能达到3.5左右。 建议使用标准:建议使用打磨板或经过表面处理的挤塑板，可略提高透气性。 通过以上分析探讨，XPS板使用在外保温的一些不足之处是可以通过其生产工艺和施工方法的改进而得到弥补的，只是我们对于XPS的认识和应用时间比较短，也缺少相关的标准，但XPS板在墙体保温节能方面具有广泛用途。 二 XPS板外体温应用探讨 国家今年刚发布了和EPS薄抹灰外墙保温体系有关的三个建材工业行业标准:JC561.1-2005(增强用玻璃纤维网布);JC/T992-2005(墙休保温用膨胀聚苯乙烯板胶粘剂); JC/T 993-2005(外墙外保温用膨胀聚苯乙烯板抹面胶浆)。 这对XPS薄抹灰外墙保温体系也是值得错鉴的，所以在XPS板外保温应用中对材料有分析这里就不再探讨了，下面主要从XPS板保温层的固定和XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面做法作一些探讨。 1、XPS保温层的固定 保温层的固定质量直接影响到整个系统的稳定性，目前聚苯板保温层的固定方法通常是采用粘贴与铆固相结合的方法。按JG 149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 烯保温板外墙外保温系统)对铆栓拉拔力(0.3KN/个)的规定，以3倍风压安全系数计算，铆栓的数量为:3×风压计算值?0.3，由此计算建筑物不同高度所用铆栓数的结果。 在20m高的墙面,铆栓的用量为17(个/m2)，而在100m高度，则高达29(个/ m2)。另外，按铆栓拉拔力(0.3KN/个)计，相当于达到0.1Mpa的粘结抗拉强度所需的铆栓数量为333个/ m2。 布置如此高密度的铆栓显然是不可能的，这也从另一方面说明，提高系统稳定性(抗风压等)真正的途经只能是提高整休的粘结强度。而聚苯板类外保温体系抗拉强度最薄弱的环节是粘结胶浆与保温层之间，即是由聚苯板本身的强度决定的。板整体的粘结力与粘贴面积成正比，因此增大粘结胶浆和聚苯板的粘结面积，就能提高聚苯板粘结胶浆的粘接力。 按照JGJ 144-2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)，粘结面积不小于40%，我们将传统的点粘法工艺改为条粘法，聚苯板背面的空腔均匀分布，粘结面积提高10%-20%，而且聚苯板整体的抗风压能力也提高了很多。参照JGJ 144-2004中6.1.2条规定，建筑物高度在20m以下时，如果饰面为涂料，可以不使用铆栓固定，在20m以上的建筑物铆栓也不宜多用，铆栓也只是起到辅助的作用。 2、XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面做法 XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面涂料做法可以参照JG 149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙烯保温板外墙外保温系统)的相关规定。 膨胀 XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面面砖做法比较特殊，现行的国家行业标准“聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统” JG149-2003中没有说明在保温层上直接粘贴面砖的具体做法。北京市地方标准“外墙外保温技术规程DBJ/T01-38-2002中规定，当设计要求局部外饰面为面砖时，有条件的允许贴砖高度不宜超过6米，且在每个楼层间安装金属托架。由此看出在外墙保温板上直接粘贴面砖的安全重要性。而且有些省市有建筑物超过50M(或大于18层)严禁粘贴面砖的规定。 在外保温系统上粘贴面砖，主要存在以下几个方面的问题，一是粘贴面砖后，系统装饰层的自重增加了，容易将聚苯板撕裂;二是由于面砖与聚苯板的线膨胀系数有一定的差异，在温度的作用下容易引起系统的开裂;三是粘贴面砖后，在系统的表面易形成隔水层，阻碍了系统中水蒸气的渗透路径;四是系统的防火构造考虑不周等。 参照JG 158-2004(胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统)，饰面粘贴面砖，抗裂层采用抗裂砂浆复合热镀锌电焊网，并用塑料铆栓固定的工艺。有很多厂家粘贴面砖工艺，抗裂层采用抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布，并用塑料铆栓固定的工艺。抗裂层使用电焊网和网格布最大的不同在于:用电焊网时铆固件能起到很好的双重作用:固定保温层和传递饰面荷载到墙体。前面分析过，聚苯板类外保温体系抗拉强度最薄弱的环节在粘结胶浆与保温层之间，如果采用抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布，整个面砖饰面层的荷载全面由抗裂层与聚苯板之间的粘结强度来承担，抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布后的刚度远远小于抗裂砂浆复合热镀锌电焊网，所以很难把饰面荷载通过铆固件传给墙体。 3、结束语 A、在未来墙体节能的进一步提高，XPS必将是不可或缺的高效保温节能材料。但整个行业急需相关标准来规范。 B、以刚性的面砖作为柔性的外墙外保温体系饰面，在受力情况上不如涂料饰面合理。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application C、面砖饰面的外墙外保温体系组成材料的性能应高于涂料饰面外保温体系。 D、面砖直接粘贴于刚性的墙面作为饰面，耐久性和安全性也有着众所周之的隐患，目前我国一些省市已明确规定对高层建筑使用面砖作饰面作出了相关的规定限制，对于外保温来说，这种限制无疑更为必要。 在国内，挤塑板(XPS)应用于外墙外保温还没有相关的国家和行业标准，然而XPS已经越来越多的被应用于外墙外保温中。结合挤塑板外保温工程应用的一些经验，本文就挤塑板的材料性能要求及外保温应用技术和同行作一些探讨。 虽然中华人民共和国建筑工业行业标准JG149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙烯保温板外墙保温系统)是针对膨胀聚苯板(EPS)提出的，中华人民共和国建筑工业标准JGJ144-2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)更是把挤塑聚苯板(XPS)拒之标准以外，但目前国内XPS还是大量被应用于外墙外保温系统中。近几年国内EPS的价格降了许多，且XPS与EPS相比有导热系数小、抗压强度高、系统刚度高等优点，由于国内没有XPS外墙外保温体系的相关标准，很多厂家都推出了自己企业的内部标准，由于每个厂家的内部标准要求不一致，导致工程应用中出现了一些失败的案例，但也不乏成功的例子。结合我公司在该体系做法的一些经验，对XPS外墙外保温体系与同行做一些探索和分析。 一、XPS板质量标准探索 XPS之所以不为国家及地方标准认可和推荐，主要是业内普遍认为XPS存在透气性差，表面光滑，易于翘曲变性等因素。既然XPS已在工程中大量的被使用，我们就不能忽略这些因素的影响，应该对外墙外保温用挤塑板的相关性能指标提出更合理的标准。关于XPS的国家标准GB/T10801.2-2002在2003年就制定了，在近几年的实际工程应用中，可以看出国标GB/T10801.2-2002中相关指标已不再符合XPS外墙外保温体系的实际情况，下面对照国家标准GB/T10801.2-2002的相关指标作一些探讨: 1、规格尺寸(毫米) 现国家标准:长度1200，1250，2450，2500。宽度600，900，12009p 国内厂家实际标准:常用的有1200、1800两种 在实际工程应用中，过大尺寸的挤塑板，会导致工人较难平整粘贴。满粘聚合物砂浆后质量比较重，不利施工。 标准建议:建议参照行业标准JGJ 144—2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)推荐的尺寸1200*600毫米。 2、允许偏差(mm)ww 现国家标准:长度和宽允许偏差 ?7.5毫米，对角允许偏差?7毫米。厚度允许偏差?毫米2(厚度，50=(以规格1200*600的板为基准)。 国内厂家实际标准:参照国标。 在实际工程应用中，此误差会导致施工困难，成为外保温开裂脱落的一个诱因。 标准建议:建议参照行业标准JG 149-2003中EPS板允许偏差，长度允许偏差?2.0，宽度允许偏差?1.0，对角允许偏差?3.0。厚度允许偏差?1.5(厚度while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application ，50。(单位:毫米) 3、表面处理 现国家标准:未作强制性规定。 国内厂家实际标准:光面，压花，人工打毛，涂刷界面砂浆。 在实际工程应用中，有的厂家提出，改善了粘结聚合物砂浆的粘结性能，但在光面挤塑板上粘贴，效果还是不太理想，光面挤塑板粘结力约仅为打毛板60%，所以挤塑板板表面进行处理是很有必要的。 标准建议:外墙用挤塑板禁止光面直接使用，强制进行表面处理，并要做挤塑板与粘结砂浆的粘结强度拉拔试验。 4、抗折抗弯抗拉 现国家标准:无 国内厂家实际标准:无。 在实际工厂应用中，挤塑板的抗折抗弯抗拉强度是整个外保温体系稳定性和耐久性不可忽略的重要因素。 标准建议:实际积累数据较少。 5、颜色，外观 现国家标准:产品表面平整，无夹杂物，颜色均匀 。不应有影响使用的可见缺陷，如起泡，裂口，变形等。 国内厂家实际标准:参照国标 实际工程应用中，某些品牌的挤塑板平整度欠佳，影响施工质量。 标准建议:对外墙用挤塑板平整度指标可以参照行业标准JG 149-2003中EPS板的平整度允许偏差。 6、燃烧性能 现国家标准:按GB8624分级达到B2级。 国内厂家实际标准:受成本和技术能力制约，比较忽视阻燃性问题。实际工程应用中，有大量非阴燃型挤塑板。 标准建议:制定标准等级，严禁使用非阴燃挤塑板。 7、透湿性能 现国家国准标:X250带表皮，小于3.0。不带表皮W200，小于3.5。 国内厂家:参照国标。 实际工程应用，有设计人员提出挤塑板透气性太差而选用聚苯板。外墙用EPS水蒸汽透过系数值在4.5左右，通过打磨处理或不带皮的XPS板的水蒸汽透过系数值能达到3.5左右。 建议使用标准:建议使用打磨板或经过表面处理的挤塑板，可略提高透气性。 通过以上分析探讨，XPS板使用在外保温的一些不足之处是可以通过其生产工艺和施工方法的改进而得到弥补的，只是我们对于XPS的认识和应用时间比较短，也缺少相关的标准，但XPS板在墙体保温节能方面具有广泛用途。 二 XPS板外体温应用探讨 国家今年刚发布了和EPS薄抹灰外墙保温体系有关的三个建材工业行业标准:JC561.1-2005(增强用玻璃纤维网布);JC/T992-2005(墙休保温用膨胀聚苯乙烯板胶粘剂); JC/T 993-2005(外墙外保温用膨胀聚苯乙烯板抹面胶浆)。 这对XPS薄抹灰外墙保温体系也是值得错鉴的，所以在XPS板外保温应用中对材料有分析这里就不再探讨了，下面主要从XPS板保温层的固定和XPS外墙外while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application 保温系统的饰面做法作一些探讨。 1、XPS保温层的固定 保温层的固定质量直接影响到整个系统的稳定性，目前聚苯板保温层的固定方法通常是采用粘贴与铆固相结合的方法。按JG 149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙烯保温板外墙外保温系统)对铆栓拉拔力(0.3KN/个)的规定，以3倍风压安全系数计算，铆栓的数量为:3×风压计算值?0.3，由此计算建筑物不同高度所用铆栓数的结果。 在20m高的墙面,铆栓的用量为17(个/m2)，而在100m高度，则高达29(个/ m2)。另外，按铆栓拉拔力(0.3KN/个)计，相当于达到0.1Mpa的粘结抗拉强度所需的铆栓数量为333个/ m2。 布置如此高密度的铆栓显然是不可能的，这也从另一方面说明，提高系统稳定性(抗风压等)真正的途经只能是提高整休的粘结强度。而聚苯板类外保温体系抗拉强度最薄弱的环节是粘结胶浆与保温层之间，即是由聚苯板本身的强度决定的。板整体的粘结力与粘贴面积成正比，因此增大粘结胶浆和聚苯板的粘结面积，就能提高聚苯板粘结胶浆的粘接力。 按照JGJ 144-2004(外墙外保温工程技术规程)，粘结面积不小于40%，我们将传统的点粘法工艺改为条粘法，聚苯板背面的空腔均匀分布，粘结面积提高10%-20%，而且聚苯板整体的抗风压能力也提高了很多。参照JGJ 144-2004中6.1.2条规定，建筑物高度在20m以下时，如果饰面为涂料，可以不使用铆栓固 定，在20m以上的建筑物铆栓也不宜多用，铆栓也只是起到辅助的作用。 2、XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面做法 XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面涂料做法可以参照JG 149-2003(薄抹灰膨胀聚苯乙烯保温板外墙外保温系统)的相关规定。 XPS外墙外保温系统的饰面面砖做法比较特殊，现行的国家行业标准“膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统” JG149-2003中没有说明在保温层上直接粘贴面砖的具体做法。北京市地方标准“外墙外保温技术规程DBJ/T01-38-2002中规定，当设计要求局部外饰面为面砖时，有条件的允许贴砖高度不宜超过6米，且在每个楼层间安装金属托架。由此看出在外墙保温板上直接粘贴面砖的安全重要性。而且有些省市有建筑物超过50M(或大于18层)严禁粘贴面砖的规定。 在外保温系统上粘贴面砖，主要存在以下几个方面的问题，一是粘贴面砖后，系统装饰层的自重增加了，容易将聚苯板撕裂;二是由于面砖与聚苯板的线膨胀系数有一定的差异，在温度的作用下容易引起系统的开裂;三是粘贴面砖后，在系统的表面易形成隔水层，阻碍了系统中水蒸气的渗透路径;四是系统的防火构造考虑不周等。 参照JG 158-2004(胶粉聚苯颗粒外墙外保温系统)，饰面粘贴面砖，抗裂层采用抗裂砂浆复合热镀锌电焊网，并用塑料铆栓固定的工艺。有很多厂家粘贴面砖工艺，抗裂层采用抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布，并用塑料铆栓固定的工艺。抗裂层使用电焊网和网格布最大的不同在于:用电焊网时铆固件能起到很好的双重作用:固定保温层和传递饰面荷载到墙体。前面分析过，聚苯板类外保温体系抗拉强度最薄弱的环节在粘结胶浆与保温层之间，如果采用抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布，整个面砖饰面层的荷载全面由抗裂层与聚苯板之间的粘结强度来承担，抗裂砂浆复合加强型网格布后的刚度远远小于抗裂砂浆复合热镀锌电焊网，所以很难把饰面荷载通过铆固件传给墙体。 3、结束语 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application A、在未来墙体节能的进一步提高，XPS必将是不可或缺的高效保温节能材料。但整个行业急需相关标准来规范。 B、以刚性的面砖作为柔性的外墙外保温体系饰面，在受力情况上不如涂料饰面合理。 C、面砖饰面的外墙外保温体系组成材料的性能应高于涂料饰面外保温体系。 D、面砖直接粘贴于刚性的墙面作为饰面，耐久性和安全性也有着众所周之的隐患，目前我国一些省市已明确规定对高层建筑使用面砖作饰面作出了相关的规定限制，对于外保温来说，这种限制无疑更为必要。 while the lawn is still in a great stage of life activities, compared with the previous two periods, lawn water requirements increase at this stage, if not timely irrigation, not only affect the growth of grass, also causes yellow. At this stage, according to 4-5 of irrigation. In short, grass types, water requirements are different, you mustAccording to the climate conditions and plant species to determine irrigation of the lawn. About a day, when irrigation is better depends on irrigation. In theory, the same period as long as the amount of irrigation water is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, irrigation all the time in a day. Then depends on the irrigation way. If intermittent intermittent spray or spray irrigation (high degree of atomization), irrigation is best with the Sun. Not only can add moisture, but also significantly improve the microclimate and photosynthesis and transpiration and gas exchange, facilitated the coordination of water, air, fertilizer and soil thermal and vegetative organs of root and root expansion, and could lead the entire transit storage of the plant material, breathing, lawns and lush. If using water, irrigation, and so on, should be watching season, early spring, late autumn around the heel as well and the rest take twilight as much. (2) irrigation irrigation quantity should be based on the soil, growing, grass and other factors to determine. General lawn growing season drought period, takes about a week to pay 20-40mm; vigorously growing lawn in the heat and severe drought situations, need to pay 50-60mm per week or more. In General, regardless of the method, should be irrigated more than once, each time less water, maximum surface runoff that just occurred. 2, fertilizing to maintain lawn dark green leaves, grows, portions must be fertilized. Lawn plants for leaf growth and blossom-free requirements, so nitrogen is more important, response to nitrogen fertilizer is the most obvious. Should be basic application