[赏析]钻孔机的进给单位dt

[赏析]钻孔机的进给单位dt 外文翻译 A FEED UNIT FOR DRILLING MACHINES N. N. Esin and ~. G. Chernilov UDC 622.233.056 The feed units of drilling machines feed the drill mechanism,drill rod, and bit towards the face during drilling, and also raise and lower the drill rod. Mechanical feed units with drive from a pneumatic motor [1] are small and can develop large feed thrusts. However, they have certain drawbacks: the feed velocity is low, which increases the time required for auxiliary operations; the apparatus is complicated and insufficiently reliable in use;and the pneumatic motor is noisy.Pneumatic piston feed units [2] are simple in sign and reliable in use, and give elasticity of the feed, reducing wear on the bit and permitting de an increase in the productivity of drilling. However, they are large, because the thrust developed depends on the area of the pL~ton which is acted on by compressed air at a comparatively low pressure of 5-6 kg/cm 2. Nevertheless, the full rated feed thrust is quite rarely used (for example, in the last few meters of a deep borehole). thrusts.However ，， With the aim of improving the operational qualities of drilling machines, we have developed a new type of pneumatic piston feed unit. Its essential feature is that the air pressure in the feed cylinder can be several times greater than that in the air mains. This is achieved by means of a pressure converter consisting of several pistons and cylinders in series. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the feed unit. The working parts comprise feed cylinder 1 with piston 9 and rod 3. The pressure converter consists of cylinder 4 with freely moving piston 5 and several single cylinders 6 with tappets 7. The rod of each tappet passes through a gland in the end wall and freely bears on the head of the preceding tappet. Air is distributed by piston valve 8. The elements of the system are connected by air ducts, one of which contains back valve 9, and another cut-off valve 10. The feed unit is controlled by means of tap . The system works as follows. Compressed air from the mains passes through inlet tap 11 and valve 9, and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 1, where it bears on piston 2, creating a thrust. Simultaneously air passes into cylinder 4, and also through valve 10 and annular space a in piston valve 8 into the right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6. The left-hand cavities of cylinders 6 are always in communication with the atmosphere. Piston 5 and tappet 7 move to the left, and the forces created by the air pressures on each of them are added together. The air in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4 is compressed to a pressure greater than that in the mains (the maximum pressure in this cavity depends on the number of cylinders 6). The high-pressure air passes through annular space b and reaches feed cylinder 1, increasing the feed thrust. Approaching its extreme leftward position, piston 5 opens a port to control duct c into which air at mains pressure comes from the right-hand cavity of cylinder 4. The air bears on the right-hand face of piston valve 8, the left-hand end of which is at this time freed from load owing to escape of air via a small hole k (the control ductd is now covered by piston 5). The piston valve moves to the left. When the piston valve is in its leftward position, feed cylinder 1 is disconnected from the pressure converter. The right-hand cavities of cylinders 4 and 6 are connected to the exhaust via annular space e.。Air from the mains passes through annular space a and arrives in the left-hand cavity of cylinder 4, causing piston 5 and tappet 7 to move to the right. Wen piston 5 reaches its extreme right-hand position, it opens duct d and mains-pressure air enters the left-hand end of piston valve 8. At this time duet c is covered and the right-hand end of the piston valve is released from pressure. The piston valve moves to the right, and then the cycle is repeated until the pressure in feed cylinder 1 reaches its maximum value. The operation of the converter is then automatically stopped, and is recommenced as the air pressure in the feeder fails owing to forward movement of piston 9 and increase in the volume of the working cavity of the feed cylinder. Thus the system operates at high feed pressures. If the resistance offered to rod 3 is small, the piston moves in the cylinder at low pressures. Then the pres-sure of the air passing via duet f to piston valve 10 cannot overcome the force of the spring and air from the mains is cut off from the converter. On the other hand, if the resistance offered to the rod increases so much that direct feed via valve 9 cannot effect operation of the feeder, then the pressure in the working cavity increases to mains pressure and will be sufficient to move valve 10 to the right, so that it admits air to the converter. The presence of direct feed (via the back valve) and of the piston valve, which cuts off the pressure converter, permits drilling to be effected in most eases without the converter; increased pressure is used only at the end of a deep borehole. By adding successive interchangeable cylinders with tappets, it is possible to build up the feed unit to any maximum feed thrust required by the drilling conditions. In principle, the feed unit with pressure converter can be hydraulic instead of pneumatic. The pressure step-up converter might find uses in other pneumatic devices with low air consumption; for example, attachments to machine tools. LITERATURE CITED 1. I. A. Begagoen and A. G. Dyadyura, Design of Up-to-Date Perforators and Pneumatic Hammers [in Russian], Gosgortekhizdat, Moscow (1963). 2. K. I. Ivanov, V. N. Glazunov, and M. F, Nadion, Modem Methods of Drilling Hard Rocks [in Russian], Gosgor-teldlizdat, Moscow (1963). 钻孔机的进给单元 N. N. Esin and ~. G. Chernilov UDC 622.233.056 钻孔机的提要单位有钻机，钻杆，钻头在钻井过程中要对着钻孔面，同时也要提高和降低钻杆。 对于一个带有驱动器的机械进给单位而言，它的气动马达很小,但可以提供较大的供给推力。然而它们有一定的缺点:进给速度低，这增加了用于辅助操作所需的时间。仪器使用复杂且不可靠。而且，气动马达噪音较大。气动活塞的进给单位在 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 上较简单，使用可靠，供给灵活，减少了钻头的磨损以及增加了钻孔生产率。然而它们体型巨大，因为产生的推力取决于将比较低的压力(为5-6公斤/平方厘米)的压缩空气作用在其上的区域上的皮升) ?吨。不过,完整的额定进给推力很少使用(例如,在最后几米深的井眼)。 为了改善钻孔机的操作性能，我们已经开发了一种新类型的气动活塞进给单元。其基本特点是，在进给气缸的空气压力比空气中的电源可以大几倍。这是通过由几个串联的活塞和气缸的压力转换器的装置。 图1显示出了进给单元的示意图。工作部件包括进料缸1与活塞9和钻杆3。压力转换器由液压缸4与自由活塞5和几个单汽缸和挺杆。每个挺杆的杆穿过端壁中的一个腺体，可自由不承担前述挺杆头部上的力。空气由活塞阀8 分配。系统的各个要素通过空气导管连接，其中一个包含回阀9，另一个连接截止阀10。进给单元由装置的抽头11控制 。 工作原理如下。该系统的压缩空气从电源通过入口抽头11和阀9 ，抵达气缸1的左边的空腔，这里有活塞2创造推力。同时空气进入气缸4，并且通过阀10和环形空间a的活塞阀8的气缸4和6到右侧空腔。气缸6的左手的空腔一直接通大气活塞5和挺杆7移动到左边，和每个由空气压力所产生的力加在一起，左手腔的液压缸4中的空气被压缩成一个大于在电源的压力(该空腔中的最大压力取决于气缸6的数目) 。高压空气通过环形空间b ，并到达进给气缸1，增加进给的推力。 接近极端向左的位置，活塞打开一个端口控制管C到空气总管压力来自右手的4缸腔。的空气不承担面对活塞阀8上的右手，左手端是在这个时候脱离负载由于k(下控制ductd现在覆盖由活塞5 )通过一个小的孔的空气逸出。活塞阀移动到左侧。 当活塞阀是在其向左的位置，进给缸1从压力转换器被断开。气缸4和6的右空腔在右侧的腔连接到排气通过环形空间e。从电源的空气穿过环形空间和到达在左手腔的液压缸4 ，使活塞5与挺杆7移动到右边。闻活塞5到达其极端的右侧的位置时，它打开管道d和电源的高压空气进入活塞阀8的左手端。此时对c被覆盖，并在右侧端部的活塞阀的压力释放。活塞阀移动到右边，然后重复该循环，直到进给气缸1中的压力达到其最大值。然后转换器的操作因空气压力发生故障自动停止，最后由于运动的活塞9和进料缸的工作腔的体积的增加转发而重新开始。因此，该系统工作是在高进给压力下完成的。 如果杆3提供的阻力小，所述活塞会在低压力的汽缸中移动。然后空气压力为通过对f传递到活塞阀10，因为不能克服转换器的弹簧的力和空气，便从主电源被切断。另一方面，如果提供给所述杆的阻力增加的足够多，以至于直接进给通过阀9可以不影响进给操作的支线，那么在工作腔的压力增加至总管压力使得足够来移动阀10到右侧，因此，它可以使空气到达转换器。 直接进给(通过背部阀)和活塞阀的存在，可以切断的压力转换器，使得钻机在大多数领域不需要转换器;增加的压力的使用只是在深孔最后几米。通过添加与挺杆连续可互换气缸，它是可以建立任何最大进给推力钻井条件所要求的进给单元。 在原则上，配有压力转换器的进给单位可以是液压的，而不是气动进给单元。升压转换器的压力可能可适用于其他耗气量低的气动设备;例如，机床附件。 参考文献 1。 IA Begagoen和AG Dyadyura ，跟上时代的射孔设计和气动锤[俄罗斯] ， Gosgortekhizdat ，莫斯科(1963年) 。