九年级英语外研版小学起点上Module_4教案

九年级 英语 关于好奇心的名言警句英语高中英语词汇下载高中英语词汇 下载英语衡水体下载小学英语关于形容词和副词的题 外研版小学起点上Module_4 教案 中职数学基础模块教案 下载北师大版¥1.2次方程的根与系数的关系的教案关于坚持的教案初中数学教案下载电子教案下载 Module 4 Great inventions I. Teaching objectives 模块教学目标 Listen to dialogue about great inventions like paper and 听 printing. Talk about advantages of great inventions and describe 说 how the inventions have changed people’s life; discuss Skill how to improve inventions. Focus 读 Read dialogue, articles about the great inventions. Write about why it is hard to imagine life without paper 写 or print. 1 Talking about borrowing or lending things Can I ask a favour? Anyway … Here it is. It doesn’t matter. I’ll see to that. 功 Is that clear? 能Language Promise! 句Focus Talking about inventions and changes 式 But it’s going to be an online magazine from now on. If the magazine is online, paper won’t be needed. Paper and printing have been used for ages. The same information can be read or even listened to on computers. Can books be replaced by computers? 2 1. 重点词汇 advantage, digital, battery, favour, publish, ordinary, replace, produce, invention, create, cotton, wood, block, ink, knowledge, spread, introduction, dry 2. 认读词汇 词 painting, charge, issue, age, feather, sharpen, steel, 汇 popularity 3. 短语 a couple of, see to, look through, made of, at a time, by hand, at the beginning of, in a way, rather than, one day, fountain pen, ballpoint pen 语 The passive voice 法 3 1. Has it been published yet? P26 2. But it’s going to be an online magazine from now on. P26 3. It’ll be published on the school website, and it can be read on screen. P26 4. Can books be replaced by computers? P26 5. It won’t be left at school! P26 重 6. Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago, and has 点 been made from silk, cotton, bamboo, and, since the 句 19th century, from wood. P28 子 7. Then printing was invented in China. P28 8. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly, in a way that can be compared with the introduction of the Internet in the 20th century. P28 9. I don’t think the Yao Ming poster on my bedroom wall will ever be replaced by a computer two metres high! P28 II. Teaching materials analyzing 教材分析 Module 4 以“Great inventions”为话题，以学习谈论发明为主线， 介绍了纸、印刷术、电脑等发明的问世以及它们对人类生活的影响。 通过本模块的学习，学生将重点学习各种时态尤其是现在完成时态的 被动语态以及含有情态动词的句子的被动语态，并能运用所学知识介 绍古代、现代及将来的科技的发展。 4 Unit 1 通过听、读、说训练， 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 学生学习谈论发明给生活带来的影响。其中Activity 1要求双人活动并回答问题。Activity 2听录音并划出所听到的单词。Activity 3听读一段Tony和爸爸有关学校网上杂志的对话。Activity 4要求读对话摘要划出错误信息。Activity 5 根据对话内容回答问题。Activity 6从对话中找出与下列句子意思相同的句子。Activity 7听句子然后仿照录音朗读，学习句子意群。Activity 8两两活动，谈论下面发明的好处，并描述这些发明是如何改变你的 。 生活的 Unit 2 通过说、读、写训练，学习书本是否能被电脑取代的话题。该单元共设计了8个活动。Activity 1两两活动，读文章的标题，并列出书本与电脑各自的优势。Activity 2读文章并为每一段选出中心思想。Activity 3读文章并完成时间线。Activity 4读文章回答问题。Activity 5借助词语回答问题。Activity 6根据句意完成句子。Activity 7学习列举原因和结果，并回答问题。Activity 8 把Activity 3中的信息用改写成完整的句子，然后把改写后的句子补充到Activity 7中。 Unit 3 对被动语态及“谈论发明”的功能项目进行综合训练:Activity 1用所给词汇或短语的适当形式完成句子。Activity 2完成问题并选择正确答案。Activity 3 用所给的词写问句并给出答案。Activity 4看两幅图片并借助于所提供的单词来描述这个地方发生了怎样的变化。Activity 5用所给单词的适当形式完成文章。Activity 6听对话并说出说话者所在的地点，并说出原因。Activity 7 听对话回答问题。Activity 8 用所给短语填空。 Around the world介绍了电子书籍的特点和优势。 Module task要求学生讨论如何使发明更完善。 5 III. Class types and periods 课型设计与课时分配 Period 1 Listening and speaking (Unit 1) Period 2 Reading and writing (Unit 2) Period 3 Integrating skills (Unit 3) IV. Teaching plans for each period分课时教案 Period 1 Listening and speaking Teaching goals 教学目标 1. Language goals 语言目标 a. Key vocabulary 重点词汇 advantage, digital, battery, favour, publish, ordinary, replace b. Key structures 重点句式 Paper and printing have been used for ages. If the magazine is online, paper won’t be needed. 2. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable students to talk about the advantages of some inventions and describe how the inventions have changed their life. 3. Learning ability goals 学能目标 Help students learn how to talk about the advantages of some inventions and describe how the inventions have changed their life. Teaching methods 教学方法 Listening, reading, discussing and speaking. 6 Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点 How to talk about paper and printing. Teaching aids 教具准备 Tape recorder, a projector and a computer. Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式 Step I Warming up & lead-in In this procedure, try to make students understand paper and printing are important inventions. We can realize the aim by showing them some interesting books such as Harry Potter series and some beautiful pictures of some interesting places. And ask them to think what they can do with paper and printing. T: Hello, boys and girls! I bring you a friend. Listen to me carefully and guess who it is. He wears a pair of glass with black frame. He flies by a broom… S: Harry porter! T: Yes! That’s it! Show students the picture of Harry Porter. T: Have you ever read novels about Harry Porter? … How do you feel when you are reading the novels? S: It makes me feel like I experience the same things with Harry and his friends. 7 T: Yes. Books can make us taste different experience. Another question, do you know where Harry is? S: London. T: Yes. Have you ever been to London? … Well, it doesn’t matter. I’ll show you some posters about London. Show students posters about London. T: Beautiful? … What are these posters made of? S: Paper. T: Yes. Though we don’t have enough time and money to visit so many beautiful places in the world, because of paper and printing, we can see the pictures and know how beautiful they are. Now, boys and girls, think it over: what you can do with paper and printing. S: With paper I can write letters to my grandparents who live in another city. With printing I can print a beautiful picture. S: And with paper and printing we can read books what we like… T: Well done! The invention of paper and print has changed our life so much. Can you list other things that have changed our life? Encourage students to talk about the inventions that have changed the life. T: Yes, especially computer and internet. Because of that, we can almost do what we want to. We can read on lines. 8 Step II Speaking & listening Ask students to do Activity 1 and Activity 2. T: Now, look at the first picture on Page 26. What is it? S: Online magazine. T: Do you know what an online magazine is? S: An online magazine is a magazine that is delivered in an electronic form. An online magazine may be online-only, or may be the online version of an otherwise print-published magazine. Today, most online magazines are Internet websites. T: And what’s the second picture about? S: Digital camera. T: That’s it. Next, work in pairs and answer the questions in Activity 1. Sample answers: 1. No exactly. An online magazine is delivered in an electronic form, while an ordinary magazine is printed by paper; an online magazine may be online-only, or the online version of an otherwise print-published magazine. 2. First it can save paper and so it can save trees to protect the environment. Second, we can know the latest news from an online magazine within very short time. 3… Ask students to listen carefully and then check the words in Activity 2. Later check the answers together. 9 Step III Dialogue learning Ask students to listen to the conversation in Activity 3 and then do the exercises in Activities 4-6. Listening Get students to listen to the dialogue and finish Activity 4. T: Tony wants to borrow his father’s digital camera. Next, listen to the dialogue and finish Activity 4. First look through Activity 4. Tell me what Activity 4 is about. Give students some time to read through Activity 4. S: It’s a summary of this dialogue. T: Yes. Next, listen and underline the wrong information. Play the tape recorder; get students to underline the wrong information. Later, get them to listen again and correct the summary. Check the answers. Reading Get students to read the dialogue and help them understand it better. T: Now, read the dialogue again and then answer the questions in Activity 5 and find the sentences in the dialogue which means the sentences in Activity 6. Give students time to read the dialogue and finish Activities 5&6. Then check the answers together. Possible answers to Activity 5: 1. He wants to take some photos on the school visit to the museum next 10 week. 2. Because he wonders why they don’t publish the school magazine using paper. 3. He doesn’t know. 4. He won’t lend it to others and leave it at school. He’ll look after it. Possible answers to Activity 6: 1. Promise! 2. What’s wrong with an ordinary magazine? 3. Can I ask a favour? 4. Is that clear? 5. It doesn’t matter. I’ll see to that. 6. Anyway, about the camera? Exercise Ask students to read the conversation and do the following exercises to practice the key sentences in the passage in Activity 3. Fill in the following blanks. 1. My digital camera doesn’t work. Can I ____ yours? 2. I like a normal magazine, but I like a (n) _____ magazine better. 3. What’s wrong _____ your digital camera? 4. Can books be ____ by computers? 5. It’s been turned off _____ your mum’s birthday party. Key: 1. borrow 2. online 3. with 4. replaced 5. since Step IV Pronunciation 11 Ask students to listen to and say the sentences in Activity 7. T: We speak to share information. When we speak, we want the listener to understand what we say. Often we speak without visual aid, in the form of a written script, for instance. Sense group do help us in this aspect. The clue to understand it is the silence (or pause) that occurs before and after it. Division of sense groups depends on the identification of parts of sentences, which make convenient units of sense. The separation of units is according to some grammatical cues. The sense units are introduced by grammatical words such as relative pronoun, conjunction and preposition. Separating the particles from the clauses to which they belong will affect both meaning and fluency. Now, listen to the sentences in Activity 7. Help students have a basic idea of sense group. Play the tape and get them to listen to and repeat after the tape. Step V Speaking Ask students to work in pairs and talk about the advantages of the inventions in Activity 8 and describe how the inventions have changed their lives. Samples: The advantages of the inventions 1. Bicycle: Riding a bicycle is the least expensive way of traveling besides walking. If you travel by bicycle, you don't have to buy gas as you must when you drive cars. Besides, it develops much less mechanical 12 troubles than a car. And bicycle riding is especially good for health. It is good exercise. If you go to work by riding a bicycle instead of driving or taking a bus, you can have a better chance of getting enough exercise you need everyday. Bicycling is also good for our environment because it is less noisy and does not pollute the air. 2. Cell phone: You can use a cell phone anywhere. That’s an important advantage. The ordinary phone is fixed and you cannot take it everywhere. If you want to get some information from the Internet, you can easily get them by cell phones too. Furthermore, if someone has a heart attack or a traffic accident, a call to emergency hospital or to the police can quickly bring him the help he wants. 3. Digital camera: A small digital camera is perfect for active people in the outdoors. You can put it in a shirt pocket. It has changed the way we think about photography and how we take photos. It has made taking photos a whole lot more fun. Now you can include a camera in your pack that weighs just a little and you don’t even have to take all those rolls of film. When you get back home it’s easier than ever to put your photos on a website like Webshots to share with friends. How cool is that! 4. Email: Email makes it easier for you to keep in touch with each other than letters. It doesn’t cost anything for you to send an email to friends. That is to say, you can save money. And at the same time you can receive an email as soon as your friends send it. That’s to say, you can save time. 5. TV: Television is now playing a very important part in our life. It has 13 changed the society a lot. Today there are so many televisions in people's house. Televisions have great advantages. They make people a lot of fun and bring us happy. People can get lots of information through it; if possible, we can learn some knowledge from it. And it keeps one know about the latest news, allows one to follow the latest developments in science and politics. 6. Washing machine: There are many advantages for using a washing machine like this. It is easy to use. You open the lid, put in the dirty clothes, add three spoons of soap powder, turn on the power button and what you should do then is to wait till you hear the bell which tells you that it finishes. How the inventions have changed our life? 1. Bicycle: Because of my bicycle, my life has been changed. When I go somewhere, I can put it anywhere. But when I drive a car to a place, I have to find a place for my car. And with a bicycle I don’t have to buy gas, so I save a lot of money. And I can use the money to buy what I like. The most important thing is that riding a bicycle does good to our environment which makes me pleased. 2. Cell phone: My life has been changed by cell phone because of the following reasons: Firstly, I liking going out with my friends and I can keep in touch with my parents. So they needn’t worry about me. Secondly, I have many good friends all over the country, and my cell phone helps us communicate with each other. In a word, cell phone makes me live more happily. 14 3. Digital camera: With a digital camera, I can take photos of my parents and friends. And when I travel, I can carry it very easily. And I take photos of what I like during my trip. 4. Email: My life has been changed by Email because I can keep in touch with my friends. And because I like writing something for a newspaper or a magazine, it is easy for me to send what I write to the newspaper or a magazine. 5. TV: I can have fun on TV when I feel tired. Also, I can save a lot of money sitting comfortably at home instead of going to a cinema. I always want to know what is going on in the world. 6. Washing machine: My life has been changed by washing machines. I don’t have to spend a lot of time washing my clothes. So I have more time to read and work. And so my washing machine makes my life easy and comfortable. Step VI Homework 1. Ask students to learn the vocabulary on pages 186-187. 2. Ask students to surf the Internet or consult related books to find out the advantages of books and computers. Period 2 Reading and writing Language goals 语言目标 1. Target language 目标语言 a. Words and phrases词汇和短语 15 invention, look through, block, create, made of, cotton, wood, produce, at a time, by hand, ink, at the beginning of, knowledge, spread, introduction, rather than, CD-ROM, one day b. Key sentences重点句子 Can books be replaced by computers? Then printing was invented in China. But will books be needed in the future? These machines are smaller and lighter than books so that they can be carried very easily. 2. Ability goals能力目标 Enable students to write about the importance of book and printing. 3. Learning ability goals 教学目标 Help students learn to write about the importance of the great inventions. Teaching methods 教学方法 Listening, speaking, reading and writing. Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点 How to give reasons / results. Teaching aids教具准备 A tape recorder, a computer and a projector. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式 Step I Lead-in & talking T: Hello, everybody! What have we talked about last period? 16 S: The advantages of some inventions. T: Are these inventions important? S: Yes. They have changed our life. T: Look at the following pictures. Can you tell me what important inventions can you think of? Show the following picture and talk about inventions with students. S: Paper. Paper is an important invention. S: And I think printing is also an important invention. S: In my view, a computer is an important invention. S: Internet… T: Yes. But can you tell me which invention is more important? S: Paper. S: But I think printing. S: Computer. S: Internet… T: Because of computer and Internet, we can read online. Do you think books can be replaced by computers? S: Yes. / No. T: Someone say yes; while someone say no. Can you list advantages they have respectively? Ask students to work in pairs and read the title in Activity 2 and discuss 17 the advantages of both books and computers. Then make a list of their advantages. Advantages of books: 1. It’s easy to carry a book wherever you go. 2. When electricity is cut off, we can read books. 3. It is better for our eyes than a computer. 4. It makes us think a lot. … Advantages of a computer: 1. It can store larger information than a book. 2. A computer needn’t to use paper so it helps save trees. 3. It is convenient to look for information on a computer. 4. It helps people to communicate with each other in a short time. Step ?Reading Get students to learn the passage in Activity 2. T: You all insist to your own opinion. And some of you believe that books can not be replaced by computers; some believe that books can be replaced by computers. So, we can hole a competition about that opinion. Do you agree? … OK. But first, let’s learn more about books and computers. a. Ask students to look through the passage in Activity 2. And match the main ideas with the paragraphs. By doing this exercise, help students learn the structure of this passage. After that, check the answer together. 18 Ask some of students to talk about the reason. b. Get students to do Activity 3. T: How does the author arranged this passage, or in what sequencing? S: Time sequencing. T: Yes. What time has it talked about? S: Today, 2,000 years ago, 11th century, in the future. T: Good. Next, read the passage gain and make notes to complete the timeline in Activity 3. Suggested answer: About 2, 000 years ago, paper was first created. thAt the beginning of the 11 century printing was greatly developed. Today, people read printed books as well as books on the computer. In the future, maybe some people only read electronic books instead of printed books. But others still read the two kinds of books. c. Ask students to read the passage again and answer the questions in Activity 4. T: Please read the passage again and answer the questions in Activity 4. Suggested answers: 1. Because in those days books could only be produced one at a time by hand. 2. Because more people could buy books and read them. 3. Besides books we can get information online, download it from the Internet. And also it can be received on the radio, TV, CD-ROMs, MP3 players. 19 d. Ask students to answer the questions in Activity 5, using the words given. T: Have you got a dictionary? … OK. Next, you are asked to answer the questions in Activity 5. Before answer the questions, I’d like you consult your dictionary, making sure the meaning of the words in the box. Clear? … Give students time to do Activity 5. Suggested answers: create: to make something exist that did not exist before. develop: if you develop a skill or ability, or if it develops, it becomes stronger or more advanced. hold: to make something stay in a particular position. keep: to store something. produce: to make something. receive: to get something. spread: to become known about or used by more and more people. 1. Paper was first created about 2,000 years ago. And books were first thcreated before 11 century. 2. At first books were produced by hand instead of by machine. 3. The paper was held against a wooden block against which ink had been put. th4. Printing was developed at the beginning of the 11 century. 5. Information such as books, magazines can be kept on CD-ROMs. 6. Online we can receive the latest news, something about what we are 20 learning, introductions to many kinds of things and people and so on. 7. Ideas were spread from one person to another in the past and it was slow. However, today ideas are spread in many ways, such as by radio, TV, Internet, cell phone and so on. T: Well done! What do you know about printing? S: Our country has made great contributions in paper-making and printing. S: We should be proud of our motherland. Language points 1. But in those days, books could only be produced one at a time by hand. 在那个时代，书籍只能通过手工一本一本地制做。 ?本句是一个含有情态动词的被动结构。含有情态动词的被动结构 的构成为:情态动词+ be + 动词的过去分词。如: The work must be finished before it is dark. 天黑前必须完成这项工作。 ?one at a time的含义是“一次一个”。如: Boys and girls, please speak one at a time. 同学们，请一个一个说。 ?by hand表示“用手做”。如: The Great Wall was built by hand instead of by machine. 长城是用手而不是用机器修建的。 2. After that, knowledge and ideas spread quickly, in a way that can thbe compared with the introduction of the Internet in the 20 21 century. 从那以后，知识和思想很快传播，这种传播方式可以和20世纪互 连网刚引入时相比。 ?spread既可作及物动词也可作不及物动词，因此指知识、消息等 的传播不必用被动结构。如: The news has spread all over the world. 这个消息在全世界传开。 ththat can be compared wit the introduction of the Internet in the 20 ? century为定语从句修饰a way。 ?compare A with B的含义是“把A与B相比”，而compare A to B 则是“把A比作B”。如: Compare this book with that one, and you will find it is useful for you. 把这本书和那本书相比，你会发现这本书对你有用。 We usually compare teachers to candles. 我们通常把教师比作蜡烛。 Step III Writing In this procedure, students will learn how to write a passage about Books will never be replaced by computers. And they are learnt to use as a result, because, so, so that to illustrate the reasons to support the idea. a. Ask students to consult the dictionary, making sure the usage of these conjunctions. as a result 22 (1) as a result的作用相当于一个副词，意思相当于so，意为“因此，结果”，表因果关系，常用来连接上下文。如: He worked very hard. As a result, he succeeded. 他工作非常勤奋，因此他成功了。 (2) as a result of+名(代)词则表示“由于……的结果”。如: He was late as a result of the snow. 由于下雪，他迟到了。 because (1) because是连词，引导原因状语从句。because表示直接原因，因 此只有用它才可以回答why的特殊疑问句。如: Tom didn’t go to school because he was ill. 汤姆没去上学，他病了。 —Why are you late today? 你今天为何迟到, —Because I didn’t catch the first bus. 因为我没有赶上早班公共汽车。 (2) because，since，as和for都有“因为、由于”的意思，它们的用法区别如下: because意为“因为”，指直接原因，语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系，引导的原因状语从句是全句意思的重心，它引导的从句一般放在主句的后面，回答以why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用because。 since意为“由于，既然”，所引导的从句表示的是已知为事实的理由和一种间接或附带的原因，语气比 because弱，但比as强，其从句一般位于主句之前。如: Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food. 由于我没钱，所以我不能买食物。 23 as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前，如: As it was late, we came back soon. 由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来。 for是并列连词，用来附带解释或说明前面一句的情况，有时他它表示的理由是推测性的，它所引导的分句只能放在另一分句后。如: The day breaks，for the birds are singing. 天亮了，因为鸟在叫。 so that (1) so that句型引导目的状语从句，其从句中的谓语动词通常和can，may，should等情态动词连用，而且主句和从句之间不使用逗号，意为“以便，为了，使能够”。如: They got up early so that they could catch the train. 为了能够赶上火车，他们早早起床了。 (2)so that还可以引导结果状语从句，意思是“因此”“结果”，这时不必与情态动词连用。如: The boy was busy so that he didn’t come to help. 这个男孩很忙，因此他没有来帮忙。 (3)so that和so…that的区别: so that句型表示的结果往往同主句有因果关系，而so…that句型所表示的结果往往表明so后面形容词或副词的程度。如: We didn’t plan our time well so that we didn’t finish the work on time. 我们没有计划好时间，结果没有按时完成任务。 It’s so hot that I can’t sleep. 24 天气热得我不能入睡。 b. Ask students to answer the questions in Activities 6-8. c. Ask students to complete the passage. Sample passage: About 2,000 years ago, paper was first created and people learned to write words on paper to make a book produced one at a time by hand. As a result books were expensive and rare. When printing was developed thgreatly at the beginning of the 11 century, books could be produced more quickly and cheaply. And more and more people learned to read. Today most people read books. Though many people like reading on a computer, but I think books cannot be replaced by computers. Step IV Homework 1. Review passive voice learnt in Module 2. Find out new passive voice form in Module 3. 2. Go on completing the writing. 3. Make sentences with: as a result, so, because, so that. Period 3 Integrating skills Language goals 语言目标 1. Target language 目标语言 a. Words & phrase生词和短语 feature, sharpen, steel, fountain pen, popularity, ballpoint, dry 25 b. Key sentences重点句子 Paper and printing have been used for ages. Has it been published yet? Can books be replaced by computers? c. Grammar Passive voice. 2. Ability goal能力目标 Enable students to use the passive voice. 3. Learning ability goal 学能目标 Help students learn how to use the passive voice. Teaching important & difficult points教学重难点 Teach students use the passive voice properly and correctly. Teaching methods 教学方法 Writing, speaking and listening. Teaching aids教具准备 A computer and a projector. Teaching procedures & ways教学过程与方式 Step I Homework checking Check students’ homework by asking some of them to make sentences with the following words and expressions: as a result, so, because, so that. Sample sentences: as a result: He was very tired. As a result, he fell asleep soon. 26 他非常疲惫，结果很快就睡着了。 so: The manager was ill so I went in her place. 经理病了所以我代她去。 because: He is absent because he is ill. 他因病缺席。 so that: He worked hard so that he might finish his work in time. 他工作非常努力，以便能够及时完成工作。 Step II Grammar Review T: Do you still remember what grammar point we have learnt during Modules 2&3? S: Passive voice. T: That’s right. The passive voice is widely used and considered to be one of the outstanding features of the English language. When do we use an active verb or a passive verb? S: When we say what a person or thing does, we use an active verb; When we say what happens to a person or thing – what is done to them – we use a passive verb. T: So far as we learnt, how passive voice of present simple, future simple, past simple is formed respectively? S: S + be (am / is / are) (+not) + past participle (+ by + O) S: S + be (will / won’t) + past participle (+ by + O) S: S + be (was / were) (+not) + past participle (+ by + O) 27 T: Well done! Pay attention: Some verbs cannot have passive forms. Intransitive verbs, such as sleep, die, fall, or arrive, which do not take an object, do not have a passive form. Also, stative verbs are not usually used in the passive. Learning T: Well, today, we’ll learn how passive voice of present perfect and modal verbs are formed. Look through the sentences in the box on Page 30. Then tell me how they are formed. Give students time to do and summarize. Later check it together. S: S + have / has been done (+ by + O) S: S + can / could (+not) + be done (+ by + O) Practice Get students to do exercises in Activities 1-5 Suggested answer to Activity 4: In the second picture, the whole room has been changed greatly: the light has been turned on; the books and the pencil have been put into the bag; the bag and the basketball have been put in the corner and the cap has been hung on the wall. Also, a picture has been added on the wall. The window has been opened. And the T-shirt and the shoes have been put away. On the table; two dishes and a bowl of rice have been put on it. What has happened to the door? It has been painted. Step III Listening Get students to do Activities 6 & 7. 28 Ask students to listen and finish the exercises in Activities 6 and 7. T: Please listen carefully and then say where the speaker is and give your reasons. Play the tape recorder. Get students to listen and try to get the answers. T: Listen again and answer the questions in Activity 7. After the students give the answers, they are asked to finish the sentences with the phrases in the box. Then check the answers together. Step IV Reading T: Here is a picture. Can you guess what it is? Show students the picture of e-book. S: E-book. T: Do you know what e-book is? S: An e-book (also: eBook, ebook), sometimes called an electronic book, is an electronic (or digital) equivalent of a conventional printed book. T: Good. Next, we’ll read a short passage of e-book in Around the world. Look through the passage and tell me what it mainly talks about. Give students some time to read and then check the answer. S: It mainly talks about the development of e-book. T: That’s it. 29 Step V Module task Ask students to discuss how to improve inventions. And then present your findings to the class. In early time, watching television was very inconvenient. Fans of regular shows planned their schedules so that they could watch their shows at their time of broadcast. Things become easier with the invention VCD and DVD. People can watch their favorite programmes as long as they are recorded. Both mobile phone networks and the Internet are capable of carrying video streams. There is already a fair amount of Internet TV available, either live or as downloadable programs, and video sharing websites have become greatly popular. The Japanese manufacturer Scalar has developed a very small TV-system attached to the eyeglasses, called “Teleglass T3-F”. In the future, Television could interact with people. People could choose, store and even edit or revise the plays as they’d like. Step VI Homework 1. Ask students to review the passive voice. 2. Ask students to summarize what they have learnt in this module and preview the next module. 30 Teaching resources教学资源库 I. The Four Great Inventions China's long history has seen some extremely important inventions emerge, most noticeably gunpowder, paper making, printing and the compass, which, in the words of Roger Bacon, changed the whole appearance and status of things in the world. China was the first country in the world to make proper paper. Paper made during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC-16 AD) has been found in Gansu Province, Xi'an and other places in Shaanxi Province as well as Xinjiang. A further development of paper is credited to Cai Lun of the Eastern Han (25-220). He used plant fiber such as tree bark, bits of rope, rags and worn-out fishing nets as raw materials. In 105, Cai presented the first batch of paper made under his supervision to the Han emperor, who was so delighted that he named the material "Marquis Cai's paper". Eastern Han Dynasty paper found in Wuwei, Gansu, in 1974 carried words which were still clearly decipherable. Thin, soft, and with a smooth finish and tight texture, this paper is the most refined and oldest paper discovered to date. Before paper was invented, the ancient Chinese carved characters on pottery, animal bones and stones, cast them on bronzes, or wrote them on bamboo or wooden strips and silk fabric. These materials, however, were either too heavy or two expensive for widespread use. The invention and use of paper brought about a revolution in writing materials, paving the 31 way for the invention of printing technology in the years to come. The invention of gunpowder was no doubt one of the most significant achievements of the Middle Ages in China. The correct prescription for making gunpowder with nitre, sulphur and carbon was probably discovered in the ninth century. In fact, in his book, Ge Hong in the third century records the procedures for making a kind of mixture that could be ignited. After the Tang Dynasty (618-907), things took a much faster course as gunpowder was already used in simple hand-grenades which were thrown by a catapult. In 1126, Li Gang, a local official, recorded how he ordered the defenders of the city of Kaifeng to "fire cannons" at the invading Nuzhen tribal people, inflicting heavy casualties on the invaders. The first prescription for gunpowder appeared in 1044, much earlier than the earliest (1265) gunpowder-making instructions recorded in Europe. By the Song Dynasty (960-1126), gunpowder was in extensive use. Weapons made with it included rifles and rockets. The Song army also used a kind of flame thrower which involved packing gunpowder into bamboo tubes. The earliest picture of a European cannon shows that it bears a striking similarity to Chinese cannon of 1128. About 1230, the Song army had cannon powerful enough to breach city walls. A bronze Chinese cannon cast in 1332 is the oldest one in the world extant today. Many bronze and iron cannons have been unearthed in China, most of them bearing inscriptions dating them to between 1280 32 and 1380. On the basis of printing using carved blocks in the Tang Dynasty, Bi Sheng of the Northern Song Dynasty invented movable type printing in the 1040s, which ushered in a major revolution in the history of printing. Bi's printing consisted of four processes: making the types, composing the text, printing and retrieving the movable types. According to Dream Stream Essays, Bi Sheng carved individual characters on squares of sticky clay, then baked them make clay type pieces. When composing a text, he put a large iron frame on a piece of iron board and arranged the words within the frame. While one plate was being printed, another plate could be composed. After printing, the movable types were taken away and stored for future use. Movable type printing has a very important position in the history of printing, for all later printing methods such as wooden type, copper type and lead type printing invariably developed on the basis of movable clay types. Bi Sheng created movable type printing more than four hundred years earlier than it was invented in Europe. According to ancient records, natural magnets were employed in China as direction-finding devices. This led to the first compass, called a sinan (south-pointing ladle) during the Warring States Period. In the Han Dynasty compasses consisted of a bronze on which 24 directions were carved and a rod made from a natural magnet. Such devices were in use until the eighth century. In the Song Dynasty, Shen Kuo described the floating compass, 33 suspended in water, a technique which minimized the effect of motion on the instrument. This enabled the compass to be used for sea navigation for the first time. The invention of the compass promoted maritime undertakings, and its use soon spread to the Arab world, and thence to Europe. China's four great ancient inventions made tremendous contributions to the world's economy and the culture of mankind. They were also important symbols of China's role as a great world civilization. II. What’s the disadvantage and advantage of Internet? A great of attention is being paid to today to the so-called advantages of the Internet when computers have found their ways into all ways of life. The time and the place of learning knowledge change with the arrival of computers. Electronic communications bring knowledge to people at every age wherever they are---at home, on the job, by a hospital bed, in the car, as well as in a traditional classroom. Therefore people will be able to say, "I'll learn where and when I want". The use of the new educational way is putting computers in the classroom and we called "Computers in the Classroom.” The new way brings not only students' career prospects lighter but also radical educational reform. Students can choose the way of their instruction, either from a teacher or a computer. Desk-top computers will enable students to work at their own speeds and on different subjects at the same time when students carry a personal computer instead of a book 34 bag and go in a single classroom. At that time teachers will disappear and classroom will become less, school saves more money and the focus of the work is promoting high quality education. So it should be observed that school and student are helped by the use of the Internet. But still there are many disadvantages of Internet: Bad information could travel the world quickly, for example; Computer virus could be transmitted easily through internet from one to others; some websites teach people make dangerous weapons for free; many credit card frauds are results of internet access; when people date others through internet, it can be a plot. III. Language points 1. be made 短语归纳 be made后面可以接不同的介词。其含义也不尽相同，同学们一定要 多加注意，切勿混淆。 1) be made of ...表示“某物由……制造而成”(从制成品中可以看出原 材料)。如: The bookshelf is made of wood.这个书架是由木头制成的。 2) be made from ... 该短语也表示“某物由……制造而成”(从制成品中 一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料)。如: Paper is made from wood and bamboo. 纸是由木头和竹子制造而成 的。 3) be made in ...该短语表示“某物由某地制造”。如: The computer is made in Japan.这台电脑是由日本生产的。 4) be made by ...该短语表示“某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介 35 词by用来强调动作的执行者。如: The TV set is made by the workers in the factory.这台电视机是由这个厂的工人制造的。 5) be made into...该短语表示“某种原料制成某物”，与be made of...和be made from...的意思正好相反。试比较: Glass can be made into bottles.玻璃可以制成瓶子。 Bottles are made of glass.瓶子是由玻璃制成的。 6) be made up of...该短语表示“某物由……组成或构成”。如: Animal bodies are made up of cells.(细胞)动物的身体是由细胞构成的。 The class is made up of fifty-six students.这个班里有56名学生。 2. rather than rather than的含义是“而不是，与其……不如……”。可作为一个连词词组，用来连接两个并列成分，表示在两者中进行选择，意为“是A而不是B”，“宁愿A而不愿B”。后面可以接名词、名词短语、代词、形容词、副词、动词、不定式、动名词等。如: He is a writer rather than a teacher. 与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。 You, rather than she, are my guest. 你是我的客人,而她不是。 The color seems green rather than blue. 这颜色似乎是绿的,而不是蓝的。 The ship sank quickly rather than slowly. 船沉的很快,而不是很慢。 He loves her rather than likes her. 他不是喜欢她,而是爱她。 I'd prefer to do it in this way rather than in that way. 我倒喜欢这样做, 36 而不愿意那样干。 She likes dancing rather than singing. 她喜欢跳舞而不是唱歌。 He had the house rebuilt rather than repaired. 他把房子改建了,而不是整修。 We should help him rather than he should help us. 我们应该帮助他,而不是他应该帮助我们。 37