八年级上册语法点

八年级上语法 知识点 高中化学知识点免费下载体育概论知识点下载名人传知识点免费下载线性代数知识点汇总下载高中化学知识点免费下载 一.动词时态: 1.一般现在时 意义:表示经常性或习惯性的动作,客观真理,客观存在,常与every day(month,...,sometimes, often, usually, always,on Sunday,once a week(day...)连用。结构:肯定:用动词原形或动三单表示 否定:don’t/doesn’t + V.原 疑问:Do/Does+ 主语+ V.原? 2.一般过去时 意义:表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况,常与yesterday, last week/year/month, …days ago, in 1998等时间状语连用。 结构:肯定:用动词过去式表示 否定:didn’t + V.原 疑问:Did+ 主语+ V.原? 3.现在进行时 意义: 表示正在发生或者进行的动作,常与now,look,listen,these days等词连用。结构:肯定:am/is/are + V.-ing 否定:am/is/are +not + V.-ing 疑问:Am/Is/Are +主语+V.-ing? 4.过去进行时 意义:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作, 常与at this/that time yesterday,from9:00 to 10:00 yesterday, all the morning, when(引导一般过去时), while(引导过去进行时)等时间状语连用。 结构:肯定:was/were + V.-ing 否定:was/were + not + V.-ing 疑问: Was/Were +主语+V.-ing? 5.现在完成时 意义:表示在说话之前已经完成或刚完成的动作, 常与already,yet,never,before,ever, in the past/last few years, recently, twice, for+一段时间(for two years), how long, since+时间点(since two years ago)等时间状语连用。 结构:肯定:have/has+过去分词 否定:have/has+ not +过去分词 疑问: Have/Has+主语+过去分词? 6.一般将来时 意义:表示将来的动作或状态,常与tomorrow, next week(year,...)连用。 结构:肯定:①will + V.原②be(am, is, are) going to + V.原 否定: ①will+ not + V.原②be(am, is, are) + not going to + V.原 疑问: ①Will+主语+ V.原+…? ②be(Am, Is, Are) going to + V.原+…? 【注意】 1.一般过去时与现在完成时的区别: 过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响;一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用。 试比较:I saw this film yesterday.(强调看的动作发生过了,不涉及现在) I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。) 2.过去进行时和一般过去时的区别: 两者都是过去发生的事情,但过去进行时侧重表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或所处的状态,强调动作的连续进行,而一般过去时则表示单纯的过去事实,例如: They were building a house last month.(上个月正在建造,建造好与否不知) They built a new house last month. (上个月建造好了,动作已经完成) 二.提建议的表达: ①should +V原; ②Why not / Why don’t you+ V原; ③It’s a good idea to do. Sth. ④What about /How about+V-ing ⑤Try to do /Try not to do 三.反意疑问句 结构:陈述句+简略的一般疑问句〔助动词/情态动词或系动词be+主语(代词)〕? 肯定否定 否定肯定 ▲特殊情况:1.祈使句+ will you?(但Let’s…,shall we?) 2.I am…, aren’t I? 3.There is(isn’t)…, isn’t(is)there? 4. I don’t think he will come, will he?(和从句中的主谓保持一致) 四.感官动词:(feel, look, sound, smell, taste)+形容词 五.问路、指路的表达: ①How do I get to…? ②Can you tell me the way to…? ③Where is… ④Where can I …? ⑤Go straight ahead. ⑥It is opposite… ⑦It’s between… ⑧Go across… ⑨Go along… ⑩Turn left / right into… ⑾It’s on / at the corner of… 六.动词不定式: (一)动词不定式的形式:to + V原 (二)动词不定式的用法: 1.做主语:It is +形容词+(for / of sb.)to do sth.( 主语) 2.做宾语:①want to do ②offer to do ③agree to do ④decide to do ⑤hope to do ⑥need to do 3.做定语:①a new plan to help pandas ②have enough to eat ③have enough place to live in ④a long way to go 4.做表语:The Chinese government’s plan is to provide more nature reserves for the panda. Her job is to feed the animals. His dream is to be a scientist. 5.做状语:(用于be+形容词+不定式): I am afraid to tell her. She was happy to see her friend. They were surprised to see me. 七.问天气: ①What’s the weather like today? It’s sunny / rainy / windy / snowy / stormy/cold/hot/cool/warm toady. ②What will the weather be like tomorrow / next week…? It will be / may be / might be sunny / rainy / windy / snowy / …tomorrow / next week. 八.表示推测: 1.It may/might be + adj.( 形容词) 2.It may/might + V原+ … 3.It will probably + V原+ … 4.it is possible to do sth. 九.情态动词:情态动词没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作谓语,其后必须跟上实义动词原形。 肯定:can/may/must + V原 否定:can/may/must + not + V原 疑问: Can/May/Must + 主语+ V原+…? ▲特殊情况: May + 主语+ V原+…? Yes,主语+ may./ No,主语+ mustn’t. Must + 主语+ V原+…? Yes,主语+ must. / No, 主语+ needn’t/can’t. 十.方位表达: 1. on the left/right 2. next to 3. opposite 4.on the corner of 5.between…and…