大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷

大学英语四级考试全真预测试卷ModelTestOnePartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart，youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicChoosinganOccupation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.选择职业是一个人要面对的众多难 题 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 之一。2.需要花时间去选择职业。3.选择职业时可以向多人寻求建议和帮助。ChoosinganOccupation__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart，youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7，choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked,A,，,B,，,C,and,D,。Forquestions8-10，completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.WillWeRunOutofWater,Picturea“ghostship”sinkingintothesand，lefttorotondrylandbyarecedingsea.Thenimagineduststormssweepinguptoxicpesticidesandchemicalfertilizersfromthedryseabedandspewingthemacrosstownsandvillages.Seemlikeascenefromamovieabouttheendoftheworld,ForpeoplelivingneartheAralSeainCentralAsia，it„salltooreal.Thirtyyearsago，governmentplannersdivertedtheriversthatflowintotheseainordertoirrigate(providewaterfor)farmland.Asaresult，theseahasshrunktohalfitsoriginalsize，strandingshipsondryland.Theseawaterhastripledinsaltcontentandbecomepolluted，killingall24nativespeciesoffish.alsoendedinecologicalcrisis，accordingtonumerousenvironmentalgroups.Butmanycountriescontinuetobuildmassivedamsandirrigationsystems，eventhoughsuchprojectscancreatemoreproblemsthantheyfix.Why,Peopleinmanypartsoftheworldaredesperateforwater，andmorepeoplewillneedmorewaterinthenextcentury.“Growingpopulationswillworsenproblemswithwater，”saysPeterH.Gleick，anenvironmentalscientistatthePacificInstituteforstudiesinDevelopment，Environment，andSecurity，aresearchorganizationinCalifornia.Hefearsthatbytheyear2025，willsufferfromwatershortages.WhereWaterGoesOnly2.5percentofallwateronEarthisfreshwater，watersuitablefordrinkingandgrowingfood，saysSandraPostel，directoroftheGlobalWaterPolicyProjectinAmherst，reshwaterislockedinglaciersandicecaps.Infact，onlyatinypercentageoffreshwaterispartofthewatercycle，inwhichwaterevaporatesandrisesintotheatmosphere，thencondensesandfallsbacktoEarthasprecipitation(rainorsnow)。Someprecipitationrunsofflandtolakesandoceans，andsomebecomesgroundwater，waterthatseepsintotheearth.MuchofthisrenewablefreshwaterendsupinremoteplacesliketheAmazonriverbasininBrazil，wherefewpeoplelive.Infact，theworld„spopulationhasaccesstoonly12，500cubickilometersoffreshwater—abouttheamountofwaterinLakeSuperior.Andpeopleusehalfofthis”saysPostel，“thereamountalready.“Ifwaterdemandcontinuestoclimbrapidly，willbesevereshortagesanddamagetotheaquaticenvironment.“ClosetoHomeWaterwoesmayseemremotetopeoplelivinginrichcountriesliketheUnitedStates.ButAmericanscouldfaceseriouswatershortages，tooespeciallyinareasthatrelyongroundwater.Groundwateraccumulatesinaquifers，layersofsandandgravelthatliebetweensoilandbedrock.(Foreveryliterofsurfacewater，morethan90litersarehiddenunderground.)AlthoughtheUnitedStateshaslargeaquifers，farmers，ranchers，andcitiesaretappingmanyofthemforwaterfasterthannaturecanreplenishit.InnorthwestTexas，forexample，overpumpinghasshrunkgroundwatersuppliesby25percent，accordingtoPostel.Americansmayfaceevenmoreurgentproblemsfrompollution.DrinkingwaterintheUnitedStatesisgenerallysafeandmeetshighstandards.Nevertheless，oneinfiveAmericanseverydayunknowinglydrinkstapwatercontaminatedwithbacteriaandchemicalwastes，accordingtotheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency.InMilwaukee，400，000peoplefellillin1993afterdrinkingtapwatertaintedwithcryptosporidium，amicrobethatcausesfever，diarrheaandvomiting.TheSourceWheredocontaminantscomefrom,Indevelopingcountries，peopledumprawsewageintothesamestreamsandriversfromwhichtheydrawwaterfordrinkingandcooking;about250millionpeopleayeargetsickfromwaterbornediseases.Indevelopedcountries，manufacturersuse100，000chemicalcompoundstomakeawiderangeofproducts.Toxicchemicalspollutewaterwhenreleaseduntreatedintoriversandlakes.(Certaincompounds，suchaspolychlorinatedbiphenyls，orPCBs，havebeenbannedintheUnitedStates.)Butalmosteveryonecontributestowaterpollution.Peopleoftenpourhouseholdcleaners，carantifreeze，andpaintthinnersdownthedrain;allofthesecontainhazardouschemicals.ScientistsstudyingwaterintheSanFranciscoBayreportedin1996that70percentofthepollutantscouldbetracedtohouseholdwaste.Farmershavebeencriticizedforoverusingherbicidesandpesticides，chemicalsthatkillweedsandinsectsbutthatpollutewateraswell.Farmersalsousenitrates，environment.Nitratesaresweptawaybysurfacerunofftolakesandseas.Toomanynitrates“overenrich”thesebodiesofwater，encouragingthebuildupofalgae，ormicroscopicplantsthatliveonthesurfaceofthewater.Algaedeprivethewaterofoxygenthatfishneedtosurvive，attimeschokingofflifeinanentirebodyofwater.What„stheSolution,relatedproblems;governments，forinstance，wouldbebetteroffbuildingsmallrojectsliketheonethatruinedtheAralSea.“Morethan1billionpeopleworldwidedon„thaveaccesstobasiccleandrinking“saysGleick.”Therehastobeastrongpushonthepartofeveryone—water，governmentsandordinarypeople—tomakesurewehavearesourcesofundamentaltolife.“1.WhatcausedtheAralSeatoshrink,,A,Theriversflowingintoithavebeendiverted.,B,Farmersuseditswatertoirrigatetheirfarmland.,C,,D,Hightemperaturemadeitswaterbadlyevaporate.2.Theconstructionofmassivedamsandirrigationprojects.,A,doesmoregoodthanharm,B,solvesmoreproblemsthanwhattheycreated,C,doesmoreharmthangood,D,bringsmorewatertopeoplethanexpected3.Thechiefcausesofwatershortageinclude.,A,populationgrowthandwaterwaste,B,waterpollutionanddryweather,C,waterwasteandpollution,D,populationgrowthandwaterpollution4.Americanscouldsufferfromgreatlyseriouswatershortages,,A,livinginrichareas,B,livinginbigcitiesbutpoorcondition,C,dependingongroundwater,D,bearinghighstandardsofsafedrinkingwaterinmind5.Whatisthemainpollutantindevelopedcountries,,A,Untreatedtoxicchemicalsfrommanufacturers.,B,Rawsewageintoriversandstreams.,C,Herbicidesandpesticidesusedbyfarmers.,D,Householdcleanerspoureddownthedrain.6.Howdoesalgaemakethreatstolifeofabodyofwater,,A,Bycoveringthewholesurfaceofthewater.,B,Bycompetitivelyusingoxygenlifeinwaterneeds.,C,Bylivingmorerapidlythanotherlifeinwater.,D,Byreleasinghazardouschemicalsintowater.7.AccordingtoGleick，whoshouldberesponsibleforsolvingwaterrelatedproblems,,A,governmentandhousewives.,B,farmersandmanufacturers.,C,ordinarypeopleandmanufacturers.,D,governmentandeveryperson.8.AccordingtoPeterH.Gleick，bytheyear2025，asmanyasoftheworld„speoplewillsufferfromwatershortages.9.TwothirdsofthefreshwateronEarthislockedin.10.Indevelopedcountries，beforetoxicchemicalsarereleasedintoriversandlakes，theyshouldbetreatedinordertoavoid.35minutes)PartIIIListeningComprehension(SectionADirections:Inthissection，youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation，oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause，youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked,A,，,B,，,C,and,D,，anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.,A,Waitforthesaletostart.,B,Getfurtherinformationaboutthesale.,C,CalltheTVstationtobesureiftheadistrue.,D,Buyanewsuit.12.,A,Hedoesn„tthinkthatJohnisill.,B,HethinksthatperhapsJohnisnotinverygoodhealth.,C,HeisawarethatJohnisill.,D,Hedoesn„tthinkthatJohnhasaverygoodknowledgeofphysics.13.,A,Beforesix.,B,Atsix.,C,Aftersix.,D,Afterseven.14.,A,Itisbigger.,B,Ithasaprettiercolor.,C,Ithasalargeryard.,D,Itisbrighter.15.,A,AustralianandAmerican.,B,Guestandhost.,C,Husbandandwife.,D,Professorandstudent.16.,A,1?30.,B,11?00.,C,9?30.,D,10?00.17.,A,Heprefersstayingathomebecausethebusistoolate.,B,Heprefersstayingathomebecausehedoesn„tliketotravel.,C,Hepreferstakingabusbecausetheplanemakeshimnervous.,D,Hepreferstravelingwiththewoman.18.,A,Hethinkssheshouldvisithercousin.,B,Hercousindoesn„tvisitveryoften.,C,Hercousinisfeelingalotbettertoday.,D,Hedoesn„tthinkhercousinhasbeenathometoday.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.,A,Twodifferenttypesofbonesinthehumanbody.,B,Howboneshelpthebodymove.,C,Howbonescontinuouslyrepairthemselves.,D,Thechemicalcompositionofhumanbones.20.,A,Theydefendtheboneagainstviruses.Theypreventoxygenfromenteringthebone.,B,,C,Theybreakdownbonetissue.,D,Theyconnectthebonetomuscletissue.A,Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingthesecells.21.,,B,Theyaren„tsurehowthesecellswork.,C,They„velearnedhowtoreproducethesecells.,D,They„vefoundsimilarcellsinotherspecies.22.,A,Tolearnhowtopreventabonedisease.,B,Tounderstanddifferencesbetweenbonetissueandothertissue.,C,Tofindouthowspecializedbonecellshaveevolved.,D,Tocreateartificialbonetissue.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.,A,Anewfuelforbuses.,B,Thecausesofairpollution.,C,Awaytoimprovefuelefficiencyinbuses.,D,Careersinenvironmentalengineering.24.,A,Hercarisbeingrepaired.,B,Shewantstohelpreducepollution.,C,Parkingisdifficultinthecity.,D,Thecostoffuelhasincreased.25.,A,Afuelthatburnscleanly.,B,Anoiladditivethathelpscoolengines.,C,Amaterialfromwhichfiltersaremade.,D,Aninsulatingmaterialsprayedonengineparts.SectionBDirections:Inthissection，youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage，youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion，youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked,A,，,B,，,C,and,D,。ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.,A,Fromthreetofivemonths.,B,Threemonths.,C,Fivemonths.,D,Fourmonths.27.,A,Watchtraffic.,B,Obeycommands.,C,Crossstreetssafely.,D,Guardthedoor.28.,A,Threeweeks.,B,Twoweeks.,C,Fourweeks.,D,Fiveweeks.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.,A,Twotofourtimes.,B,Fourtosixtimes.,C,Fourtoeighttimes.,D,Sixtotentimes.A,SleepingpillsmadepeoplegointoREMsleepquickly.,B,Peoplehad30.,moredreamsaftertheytooksleepingpills.,C,Peoplebecameangryeasilybecausetheydidn„ttakesleepingpills.,D,SleepingpillspreventedpeoplefromgoingintoREMsleep.31.,A,Peopledreamsoastosleepbetter.,B,PeopledreaminordernottogointoREMsleep.,C,Becausetheymayrunintodifficultproblemsintheirdreams.,D,Becauseintheirdreamstheymayfindtheanswerstotheirproblems.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.,A,Asalesrepresentative.,B,Astoremanager.,C,Acommitteechairperson.,D,Aclasspresident.33.,A,Todeterminewhowillgraduatethisyear.,B,Todiscusstheseatingarrangement.,C,Tochoosethechairpersonoftheceremonies.,D,Tobeginplanningthegraduationceremonies.34.,A,Theirnames，phonenumbersandjobpreference.,B,Thenamesandaddressesoftheirguests.,C,Thenamesofthecommitteetheyworkedonlastyear.,D,Theirdormitoryname，addressandphonenumber.35.,A,Inanhour.,B,Nextweek.,C,Inonemonth.,D,Nextyear.SectionCDirections:Inthissection，youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime，youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime，youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks，youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally，whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime，youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.IntheEnglish(36)system，studentstakethreeveryimportantexaminations.The，whichis(37)attheageofelevenoralittlepast.Atonetimethe(38)or(39)(40)ifachildstayedinschool.Now，however，allchildrencontinuein(41)schools，thechildwillfollow.Attheageoffifteenorsixteen，thestudentsare(42)fortheOrdinary(43)oftheGeneralCertificateofEducation.(44)。Oncestudentshavepassedthisexam，theyareallowedtospecialize，sothattwothirdsormoreoftheircourseswillbeinphysics，chemistry，classicallanguages，orwhatevertheywishtostudyatgreaterlength.(45)。Evenattheuniversities，studentsstudyonlyintheirconcentratedarea，andveryfew(46)。Part?ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection，thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ShoppinghabitsintheUnitedStateshavechangedgreatlyinthelastquarterofthe20thcentury.Earlyinthe1900smostAmericantownsandcitieshadaMainStreet.MainStreetwasalwaysthe47ofatown.Thisstreetwaslinedonthebothsideswithmany48businesses.Here，shopperswalkedintostorestolookatallsortsofmerchandise:clothing，furniture，hardware，groceries.Inaddition，someshopsoffered49.Thereshopsincludeddrugstores，restaurants，shoerepairstores，andbarberorhairdressingshops.Butinthe1950s，achangebeganto50place.ToomanyautomobileshadcrowdedintoMainStreetwhiletoofewparkingplaceswere51toshoppers.Becausethestreetswerecrowded，merchantsbegantolookwithinterestattheopenspacesoutsidethecitylimits.Openspaceiswhattheircardrivingcustomers52.Andopenspaceiswhattheygotwhenthefirstshoppingcentrewasbuilt.Shoppingcenters，orrathermalls，53asacollectionofsmallnewstoresawayfromcrowdedcitycenters.Attractedbyhundredsoffreeparkingspace，customersweredrawnawayfrom54areastooutlyingmalls.Andthegrowing55ofshoppingcentersledinturntothebuildingofbiggerandbetterstockedstores.Bythelate1970s，manyshoppingmallshadalmostdevelopedintosmallcitiesthemselves.Inadditiontoprovidingthe56ofthestopshopping，mallsweretransformedintolandscapedparks，withbenches，fountains，andoutdoorentertainment.,A,designed,F,convenience,K,cosmetics,B,take,G,services,L,started,C,heart,H,fame,M,downtown,D,needed,I,various,N,available,E,though,J,popularity,O,cheapnessSectionBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked,A,，,B,，,C,and,D,。YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language，religion，valuesandattitudes，mannersandcustoms，aesthetics，technology，education，socialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem，aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent，thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround，followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald„s.Insomecases，globalizationisafactoflife;however，culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeenandcomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary，knowyouraudience，andknowyourcustomer.57.Accordingtothepassage，whichofthefollowingistrue,,A,Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.,B,Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.,C,Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.,D,Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.58.Accordingtotheauthor，themodelofPepsi.,A,isinlinewiththetheoriesthatthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,B,isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald„s,C,showsthereverseofglobalization,D,hasconvergedculturaldifferences59.Thetwoschoolsofthought.,A,bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures,B,bothadvocatethatdifferentpoliciesbesetupindifferentcountries,C,admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld,D,bothAandB60.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose.,A,whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversitywhohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture,B,,C,whowanttotravelabroad,D,whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale61.AccordingtoFortune，successfulinternationalcompanies.,A,earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas,B,allhavethequalityofpatience,C,willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures,D,adoptthepolicyofinternationalizationPassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TherearepeopleinItalywhocan„tstandsoccer.NotallCanadianslovehockey.AsimilarsituationexistsinAmerica，wheretherearethoseindividualsyoumaybeoneofthemwhoyawnorevenfrownwhensomebodymentionsbaseball.Baseballtothemmeansboringhourswatchinggrownmeninfunnytightoutfitsstandingaroundinafieldstaringawaywhileverylittleofanythinghappens.Theytellyouit„sagamebettersuitedtothe19thcentury，slow，quiet，andgentlemanly.Thesearethesamepeopleyoumaybeoneofthemwholovefootballbecausethere„sthesportthatglorifies“thehit”。Bycontrast，baseballseemsabstract，cool，silent，still.OnTVthegameisfracturedintoadozenperspectives，replays，geometryofthegame，however，isessentialtounderstandingit.Youwillcontemplatethegamefromonepointasapainterdoeshissubject;youmay，ofcourse，projectyourselfintothegame.Itisinthisprojectionthatthegameaffordssomuchspaceandtimeforinvolvement.TheTVwon„tdoitforyou.Take，forexample，thethirdbaseman.Yousitbehindthethirdbasedugoutandyouwatchhimwatchinghomeplate.Hislegsareapart，kneesflexed.Hisarmshangloose.Hedoesalotofthis.Theskepticstillcannotthinkofanyothersportssostill，sopassive.Butwatchwhathappenseverytimethepitcherthrows:thethirdbasemangoesuponhistoes，flexeshisarmsorbringstheglovetoapointinfrontofhim，takesasteprightorleft，backwardorforward，perhapsheglancesacrossthefieldtocheckhisfirstbaseman„sposition.Supposethepitchisaball.“Nothinghappened，”yousay.“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”Theskepticandtheinnocentmustplaythegame.Andthisinvolvementinthestandsisnomoreintellectualthanlisteningtomusicis.Watchthethirdbaseman.Smooththedirtinfrontofyouwithonefoot;smooththepocketinyourglove;watchtheeyesofthebatter，thespeedofthebat，thesoundofhorsehideonwood.Iffootballisasymphonyofmovementandtheatre，baseballischambermusic，aspaciousinterlockingofnotes，chorusandresponses.62.Thepassageismainlyconcernedwith.,A,thedifferenttastesofpeopleforsports,B,thedifferentcharacteristicsofsportstheattractionoffootball,C,,D,theattractionofbaseball63.Thosewhodon„tlikebaseballmaycomplainthat.,A,itisonlytothetasteoftheold,B,itinvolvesfewerplayersthanfootball,C,itisnotexcitingenough,D,itispretentiousandlooksfunny64.Theauthoradmitsthat.,A,baseballistoopeacefulfortheyoung,B,baseballmayseemboringwhenwatchedonTV,C,footballismoreattractingthanbaseball,D,baseballismoreinterestingthanfootball65.Bystating“Icouldhavehadmyeyesclosed.”theauthormeans(4thparagraphlastsentence)。,A,thethirdbasemanwouldrathersleepthanplaythegame,B,evenifthethirdbasemanclosedhiseyesamomentago，itcouldmakenodifferencetotheresult,C,thethirdbasemanissogoodatbaseballthathecouldfinishthegamewitheyesclosedallthetimeanddohisworkwell,D,theconsequencewassobadthathecouldnotbeartoseeit66.Wecansafelyconcludethattheauthor.,A,likesfootball,B,hatesfootball,C,hatesbaseball,D,likesbaseballPart?Cloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoicesmarked,A,，,B,，,C,and,D,ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondinglet