有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师【精品文档】

有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师【精品文档】 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lecturers. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below. 1. 有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2. 学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3. 学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题 On Students Selecting Lecturers Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Highways thEarly in the 20 century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳)automobiles. With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路)companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. Many were thbuilt using specifications of 19 century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam(for whom the macadam surface is name[D], whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first transcontinental motor convoy(车队)，he noted:“The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.” It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrated how critical highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria. The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out. Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America. Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads). By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with what they cherish most personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent pf the nation’s freight deliveries arrive by truck; and most products that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural. By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear-United States. Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.” 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。 1. National standards for paved roads were in place by 1921. 2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German motorways made more sense than the two-lane highways of America. 3. It was in the 1950 that the American government finally took action to build a national high way system. 4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s geographical features found solutions in innovative engineering projects. 5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate on interstate highways is still higher than that of other American roads. 6. The interstate highway system provides access between major military installations in America. 7. Service stations, motels and restaurants promoted the development of the interstate highway system. 8. The greatest benefit brought about by the interstate system was . 9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver more than . 10. The interstate system was renamed after Eisenhower in recognition of . Part III Listening Comprehension. Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 passages. All the end of each conversation, one or more question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 11. [A] The girls got on well with each other. [B] It's understandable that girls don't get along. [C] She was angry with the other young stars. [D] The girls lacked the courage to fight. 12. [A] The woman does her own housework. [B] The woman needs a housekeeper. [C] The woman's house is in a mess. [D] The woman works as a housekeeper. 13. [A] The Edwards are quite well-off. [B] The Edwards should cut down on their living expenses. [C] It'll be unwise for the Edwards to buy another house. [D] It's too expensive for the Edwards to live in their present house. 14. [A] The woman didn't expect it to be so warm at noon. [B] The woman is sensitive to weather changes. [C] The weather forecast was unreliable. [D] The weather turned cold all of a sudden. 15. [A] At a clinic. [B] In a supermarket. [C] At a restaurant. [D] In an ice cream shop. 16. [A] The woman did not feel any danger growing up in the Bronx. [B] The man thinks it was quite safe living in the Bronx district. [C] The woman started working at an early age to support her family. [D] The man doesn't think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things. 17. [A] The man has never seen the woman before. [B] The two speakers work for the same company. [C] The two speakers work on the same floor. [D] The woman is interested in market research. 18. [A] The woman can't tolerate any noise. [B] The man is looking for an apartment. [C] The man has missed his appointment. [D] The woman is going to take a train trip. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 19. [A] To make a business report to the woman. [B] To be interviewed for a job in the woman's company. [C] To resign from his position in the woman's company. [D] To exchange stock market information with the woman. 20. [A] He is head of a small trading company. [B] He works in an international insurance company. [C] He leads a team of brokers in a big company. [D] He is a public relations officer in a small company. 21. [A] The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer. [B] Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities. [C] Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations. [D] The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 22. [A] She's worried about the seminar. [B] The man keeps interrupting her. [C] She finds it too hard. [D] She lacks interest in it. 23. [A] The lecturers are boring. [B] The course is poorly designed. [C] She prefers Philosophy to English. [D] She enjoys literature more. 24. [A] Karen's friend. [B] Karen's parents. [C] Karen's lecturers. [D] Karen herself. 25. [A] Changing her major. [B] Spending less of her parents' money. [C] Getting transferred to the English Department. [D] Leaving the university. Section B Directions: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken. After you hear a question, you must choose the best and from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer sheet with a single line through the centre. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Passage One Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard. 26. [A] Rent a grave. [B] Burn the body. [C] Bury the dead near a church. [D] Buy a piece of land for a grave. 27. [A] To solve the problem of lack of land. [B] To see whether they have decayed. [C] To follow the Greek religious practice. [D] To move them to a multi-storey graveyard. 28. [A] They should be buried lying down. [B] They should be buried standing up. [C] They should be buried after being washed. [D] They should be buried when partially decayed. 29. [A] Burning dead bodies to ashes. [B] Storing dead bodies in a remote place. [C]Placing dead bodies in a bone room. [D] Digging up dead bodies after three years. Passage Two Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. 30. [A] Many foreign tourists visit the United States every year. [B]Americans enjoy eating out with their friends. [C] The United States is a country of immigrants. [D] Americans prefer foreign foods to their own food. 31. [A] They can make friends with people from other countries. [B] They can get to know people of other cultures and their lifestyles. [C] They can practice speaking foreign languages there. [D] They can meet with businessmen from all over the world. 32. [A] The couple cook the dishes and the children help them. [B] The husband does the cooking and the wife serves as the waitress. [C] The mother does the cooking while the father and children wait on the guests. [D] A hired cook prepares the dishes and the family members serve the guests. Passage Three Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard 33. [A] He took them to watch a basketball game. [B] He trained them to play European football. [C] He let them compete in getting balls out of a basket. [D] He taught them to play an exciting new game. 34. [A]The players found the basket too high to reach. [B] The players had trouble getting the ball out of the basket. [C] The players had difficulty understanding the complex rules. [D] The players soon found the game boring. 35. [A] By removing the bottom of the basket. [B] By lowering the position of the basket. [C] By simplifying the complex rules. [D] By altering the size of the basket. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. 此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。 For Americans, time is money. They say, “ You only get so much time in this life, you’d better use it wisely,” The (36) without be better than the past or present, as Americans are (37) to see things, unless people use their time for constructive activities. Thus, Americans (38) a “well-organized” person, one who has a written list of things to do and a (39) for doing them. The ideal person is punctual and is(40) of other people’s time. They do not (41) people’s time with conversation or other activity that has no (42) beneficial outcome. The American attitude toward time is not (43) shared by others, especially non-Europeans. They are more likely to regard time as (44) .One of the more difficult things many students must adjust to in the States is the notion that time must be saved whenever possible and used wisely every day. In this context (45) . McDonald’s, KFC, and other fast food establishments are successful in a country where many people want to spend the least amount of time preparing and eating meals. As McDonald’s restaurants (46)____________________________ , bringing not just hamburgers but an emphasis on speed, efficiency, and shiny cleanliness. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage. EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world. This strange __47__ happens every five to eight years. It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds. As the trade winds lessen in _48_, the ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5?. The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿的)air over the ocean causes severe_49_ thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, __50__ floods to Peru. In the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia. So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods, other parts face drought, poor crops and _51_. EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most __52__ weather in modern history. Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds_53_of damage. The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995. Scientists _54__this to be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years. Nowadays, weather experts are able to forecast when an EI Nino will __55__, but they are still not __56__sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 [A] estimate [I] completely [B] strength [J] destructive [C] deliberately [K] starvation [D] notify [L] bringing [E] tropical [M] exhaustion [F]) phenomenon [N] worth [G] stable [O] strike [H] attraction Section B Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage. Communications technologies are far from equal when it comes to conveying the truth. The first study to compare honesty across a range of communications media has found that emails are automatically recorded—and can come back to haunt (困扰)you—appears to be the key to the finding. Jeff Hancock of Comell University in Ithaca. New York, asked 30 students to keep a communications diary for a week. In it they noted the number of conversations or email exchanges they had lasting more than 10 minutes, and confessed to how many lies they told. Hancock then worked out the number of lies per conversation for each medium. He found that lies made up 14 per cent of emails, 21 per cent of instant messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face interactions and an astonishing 37 per cent of phone calls. His results, to be presented at the conference on human-computer interaction in Vienna, Austria, in April, have surprised psychologists. Some expected e-mailers to be the biggest liars, reasoning that because deception makes people uncomfortable, the detachment (非直接接触)of emailing would make it easier to lie. Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges because we are most practiced at that form of communication. But Hancock says it is also crucial whether a conversation is being recorded and could be reread, and whether it occurs in real time. People appear to be afraid go lie when they know the communication could later be used to hold them to account, he says. This is why fewer lies appear in email than on the phone. People are also more likely to lie in real time—in an instant message or phone call, say—than if they have time to think of a response, says Hancock. He found many lies are spontaneous(脱口 而出的) responses to an unexpected demand, such as :“Do you like my dress?” Hancock hopes his research will help companies work out the best ways for their employees to communicate. For instance, the phone might be the best medium for sales where employees are encouraged to stretch the truth. But given his results, work assessment, where honesty is a priority, might be best done using email. 注意:此部分内容请在答题卡2上作答。 57. Hancock’s study focuses on . [A] he consequences of lying in various communications media [B] the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas [C] people’s references in selecting communication technologies [D] people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media 58. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed that . [A] people are less likely to lie in instant messages [B] people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions [C] people are most likely to lie in email communication [D] people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations 59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the truth through certain media of communication? [A] They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. [B] They believe that honesty is the best policy. [C] They tend to be relaxed when using those media. [D] They are most practiced at those forms of communication. 60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for promoting sales because . [A] salesmen can talk directly to their customers [B] salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate [C] salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy [D] salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively 61. It can be inferred from the passage that . [A] honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications [B] more employers will use emails to communicate with their employees [C] suitable media should be chosen for different communication purposes [D] email is now the dominant medium of communication within a company Passage Two Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage. In a country that defines itself by ideals, not by shared blood, who should be allowed to come, work and live here? In the wake of the Sept.11 attacks these question have never seemed more pressing. On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort to increase homeland security, federal and local authorities in 14 states staged “Operation Safe Travel”— raids on airports to arrest employees with false identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City there were 69 arrests. But those captured were anything but terrorists, most of them illegal immigrants from Central or South America. Authorities said the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists. Many immigrants in Salt Lake City were angered by the arrests and said they felt as if they were being treated like disposable goods. Many Anderson said those feelings were justified to a certain extent. “We’re saying we want you to work in these places, we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are, and then when it’s convenient for us, or when we can try to make a point in term of national security, especially after Sept. 11. then you’re disposable. There are whole families being uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” Anderson said. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. And Castro, a manager at a Ben, Jerry’s ice cream shop at the airport, had been working 10 years with the same false Social Security card when she was arrested in the December airport raid. Now she and her family are living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has return to her job at Ben & Jerry’s. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation . [A] composed of people having different values [B] encouraging individual pursuits [C] sharing common interests [D] founded on shared ideals 63. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”? [A] Guilty [B] Offended [C] Disappointed [D] Discouraged 64. Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because . [A] evidence was found that they were potential terrorists [B] most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacks [C] terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status [D] they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport 65. By saying “…we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are “ (Line 2,Para 4), Mayor Anderson means “ ”. [A] we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status. [B] we will examine the laws in a different way [C] there are other ways of enforcing the law [D] the existing laws must not be ignored 66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph? [A] She will be deported sooner of later. [B] She is allowed to stay permanently. [C] Her case has been dropped. [D] Her fate remains uncertain. Part V Cloze Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. Of each blank there are four choices marked [A],[B],[C]and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. 注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。 Do you wake up every day feeling too tired, or even upset? If so, then a new alarm clock could be just for you. The clock, called SleepSmart, measures your sleep cycle, and waits 67 you to be in your lightest phase of sleep 68 rousing you. Its makers say that should 69 you wake up feeling refreshed every morning. As you sleep you pass 70 a sequence of sleep states — light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep — that 71 approximately every 90 minutes. The point in that cycle at which you wake can 72 how you fell later, and may 73 have a greater impact than how much or little you have slept. Being roused during a light phase 74 you are more likely to wake up energetic. SleepSmart 75 the distinct pattern of brain waves 76 during each phase of sleep, via a headband equipped 77 electrodes(电极) and a microprocessor. This measures the electrical activity of the wearer’s brain, in much the 78 way as some machines used for medical and research 79 and communicates wirelessly with a clock unit near the bed. You 80 the clock with the latest time at 81 you want to be wakened, and it 82 duly(适时地) wakes you during the last light sleep phase before that. The 83 was invented by a group of students at Brown University in Rhode Island 84 a friend complained of waking up tired and performing poorly on a test. “ 85 ” sleep-deprived people ourselves , we started thinking of 86 to do about it.” Says Eric Shashoua, a recent college graduate and now chief executive officer of Axon Sleep Research Laboratories, a company created by the students to develop their idea. 67. [A] beside [B] near [C] for [D] around 68. [A] upon [B] before [C] towards [D] till 69. [A] ensure [B] assure [C] require [D] request 70. A though B into C about D on 71. [A] reveals [B] reverses. [C] resumes [D] repeats 72. [A] effect [B] affect [C] reflect [D] perfect 73. [A] already [B] ever [C] never [D] even 74. [A] means [B] marks [C] says [D] dictates 75. [A] removes [B] relieves [C] records [D] recalls 76. [A] proceeded [B] produced [C] pronounced [D] progressed 77. [A] by [B] of [C] with [D] over 78. [A] familiar [B] similar [C] identical [D] same 79. [A] findings [B] prospects [C] proposals [D] purposes 80. [A] prompt [B] plug [C] program [D] plan 81. [A] where [B] this [C] which [D] that 82. [A] then [B] almost [C] also [D] yet 83. [A] claim [B] conclusion [C] concept [D] explanation 84. [A] once [B] since [C] after [D] while 85. [A] Besides [B] Despite [C] To [D] As 86. [A] what [B] how [C] whether [D] when Part VI Translation (5 minutes) Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English Chinese given in brackets. 注意:此部分试题在答题卡2上;请在答题卡2上作答。 87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (找到去历史博物馆的路). 88. (为了挣钱供我上学)，Mother often takes on more work than is good for her. 89. The professor required that (我们交研究报告) by Wednesday. 90. The more you explain, (我愈糊涂). 91.Though a skilled worker, (他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis. Part I Writing 【审题】本文是一篇现象评述类作文。提纲所给框架十分清晰:开篇引出该现象，并简单评论;第二段陈 述选择老师时所考虑的因素(两到三点即可)，注意条理清楚;最后一段指出该做法的好处以及可能的问 题，注意内容和语言的概括性(好处和问题分别阐述一至两点即可)。 范文点评 Students Selecting Their Lecturers Nowadays many universities (1)entitle the (1)“使„有权利做某事” 第一段:引出大学允许学生自由students to choose freely the teachers for some 选择任课教师的现象，并简单评courses, (2)which is welcomed by most students, and (2)引导非限制性定语从句 述其影响，结尾引出下文。 is becoming the focus of the students and teachers’ concern. (3)There are many factors which will (3)承上起下 influence the students’ choosing a teacher. (4)First of all, (5)it is generally accepted that (4)条理清楚 a teacher’s professional knowledge and ability is the 第二段:分三点陈述选择教师时most important factor, since students choose his course 所考虑的主要因素，采用从主到to learn knowledge. (4)Moreover, (5)quite a few (5)注意变换句式 次的顺序。 students think teaching methods and skills are essential to a good teacher. He must know how to teach. (4) In addition, a teacher’s humor sense is also often an important factor many students will consider. Undoubtedly, free choosing of teachers (6)are (6)“对„有益” very beneficial to both teachers and students. (7)On one hand, it can provide a good chance for a teacher to (7)条理清楚 第三段:首先指出这种做法分别prove and show his ability. (7)On the other hand, by 给教师和学生带来的好处;然后this way, students can choose teachers they like and 简要阐述可能出现的问题。 obtain more initiative in learning. (8)However, since (8)表转折:注意关系副词 it is a free choice, few excellent teachers will become 的使用 the focus of most students’ choosing, (9)which will (9)引导非限制性定语从句 lead to an unreasonable class size and influence teaching effect seriously. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 【结构分析】说明文。文章的结构模式为P—S—E类型～即第一二三段为提出问题:美国 20世纪初旧的不 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载 的公路已经不能满足汽车工业和军事方面的需求,第四五段为解决问 题:建洲际间的高速公路,第六七八九段对高速公路给予肯定的评价:给美国经济和美国人 民带来很大利益。 1. National standards for paved roads were in Highways th Early in the 20 century, most of the streets place by 1921. 考查细节?寻读法?句层次的理 and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, 解 and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they were usually poorly cared N。从题干中的关键信息词by 1921和national for and too narrow to accommodate(容standards可帮我们迅速找到原文出处。结合第二 纳)automobiles. 段的第一句话和第三句话可知，直到1921年有 With the increase in auto production, 387，000公里的公路(paved road)，但除此之外， private turnpike(收费公路)companies under 并不存在国家 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 的公路(there were no national local authorities began to spring up, and by standards for…) ，据此可判断题干中指出国家 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads. 标准的公路in place(就绪)是不正确的。 th Many were built using specifications of 19 century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and 2. General Eisenhower felt that the broad German John Mac Adam(for whom the macadam surface motorways made more sense than the two-lane is named), whose specifications stressed the highways of America. importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, 细节推断?寻读法?句层次的理 there were no national standards for size, weight 解 restrictions, or commercial signs. During World Y。从题干的关键信息词General EisenhowerWar I, roads throughout the country were nearly Para. 1—Para. 3给出destroyed by the weight of trucks. When 以及broad German motorways，我们可锁定原文背景和提出问题:20General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 中的第二段最后一句话为答案的来源。从他的话世纪早期美国公路呈 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s first 中我们可知他首先将双车道的高速公路和美国现落后状况;直到 1921年各地公路很不 规范，没有国家标准transcontinental motor convoy(车队)，he noted:旧的公路建设相比，认为双车道高速路更好 的公路，比德国的汽“The old convoy had started me thinking about ( started me thinking good, two-lane highway),车高速公路落后很good, two-lane highways, but Germany’s 随后用转折连词将对话的重点转移 ，对德国的多;不能满足二战防 御措施对公路的要Autobahn or motorway had made me see the 汽车高速公路更加赞赏(see the wisdom of …)，求。 wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.” 从比较级broader，可推断与双车道高速公路相 It would take another war before the 比 ，德国的汽车高速公路更宽，更明智 。题干 federal government would act on a national 中的 make more sense(感觉更好) 对应原文中 highway system. During World War II, a 的 see the wisdom of broader。 tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrate how critical 3. It was in the 1950 that the American government highways were to the defense effort. Thirteen finally took action to build a national high way per cent of defense plants received all their system. 考查细节?寻读法?句层次的理supplies by truck, and almost all other plants 解 shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control Y。通过题干中的关键信息词 in the 1950s，可 of highways had led to a confusing variety of 帮助我们在原文中找到相关年份所发生的事。design standards. Even federal and state 文中第四段的首句提供了相关信息。题干信息 highways did not follow basic standards. Some 正是对此句话的同义转述:in the 1950s? in states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while 1956;finally took action to ?finally launched(发others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A 起 ，发动);a national highway?interstate government study recommended a national highway。 highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 4. Many of the problems presented by the country’s 1944, which called for strict, centrally geographical features found solutions in controlled design criteria. innovative engineering projects. The interstate highway system was finally 考查细节?寻读法?句层次的理launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of 解 the greatest public works projects of the century. Y(从题干的关键信息词geographical featuresTo build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique (地理特征)可找到原文中的第四段为答案来 engineering designs and solutions had to be 源。文中指出为建44，000公里长的高速公路独 worked out.Consider the many geographic 特的 设计方案 关于薪酬设计方案通用技术作品设计方案停车场设计方案多媒体教室设计方案农贸市场设计方案 要想出来(unique engineering features of the country: mountains, steep designs…be worked out)，后一句提到国家呈现很 grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. 多地理特征，最后一句又提到创意性的设计 Variables included the slope of the land, the (innovative designs)开始在全国开辟(began to ability of the pavement to support the load, the weave their way across)，综上可知，此句话正确。 intensity of road use, and the nature of the Para. 4—Para. 5提出underlying soil. Urban areas were another 5. In spite of safety considerations, the death rate 解决问题的 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 :problem. Innovative designs of roadways, on interstate highways is still higher than that of 1956年开始着手建洲 tunnels, bridges, overpasses, and interchanges other American roads. 际高速公路，在建的 过程中提出了很多开考查细节?寻读法?句层次的理that could run through or bypass urban areas 创性的设计方案解决解 soon began to weave their way across the 了全国地理特征不同country, forever altering the face of America. 问题。 N。从题干中的关键信息短语 the death rate on Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed interstate highway可采取寻读法找到第六段的 bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the 最后一句话为原文出处 。原文中明确指出高速 Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable 公路上的死亡率只是其他公路的一半(half that tunnels like Fort McHenry in Maryland and Mt, of…)与题干中的is still high than(仍高出)相 Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s 矛盾，可判断此句话错误。 physical challenges. Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the 6. The interstate highway system provides access interstate program soon influenced highway between major military installations in America. construction around the world, and were 考查细节?寻读法?词义理解 invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns. NG。题干中的关键信息词major military Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada installations (主要军事据点)在原文中找不到相 and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the 应的信息，文中只在第三段提到在二战中建高速 highways have wide lanes and shoulders, 公路对防御措施的重要性(how critical ..to the dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit defense effort)，而未涉及高速公路为美国主要军 lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and 事据点提供通道。 limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 7. Service stations, motels and restaurants 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 promoted the development of the interstate highway deaths per 100 million on all other roads). system. By opening the North American continent, 考查细节?寻读法?句层次理解 highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural N。从关键信息词Service stations, motels and areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options restaurants可采取寻读法找到原文出处——第八 in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, 段的倒数第二句话。原文中提到美国的高速公路 health care, and other benefits. Above all, the 系统不仅影响美国的经济，而且带来美国诸如加 interstate system provides individuals with what 油站， 餐馆等的发展( it has led to the they cherish most personal freedom of growth…)。 题干中将引起与被引起的关系搞反， mobility. 应该是先有洲际间高速公路的发展才带来美国Para. 6—Para. 9正面 评价洲际高速公路给The interstate system has been an essential 副业的发展，所以此句话错误。 美国带来的利益:使element of the nation’s economic growth in 美国交通四通八达并terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 8. The greatest benefit brought about by the 且死亡事故减少;使 城乡消费者便利和带percent of the nation’s freight deliveries arrive interstate system was personal freedom of mobility. 来美国人最珍贵的流by truck; and most products that arrive by rail 动自由的价值理念;考查细节?寻读法?同义转述?句意理解 or air use interstates for the last leg of the 促进美国经济的发 journey by vehicle. Not only has the highway 从题干中的关键信息词短语the greatest benefit(最展，促进沿路的副业 发展。 system affected the American economy by 大的利处)在文中找不到完全一致的词眼，但可 providing shipping routes, it has led to the 找到相关同义转化，在第七段的最后一句话中 growth of spin-off industries like service what they cherish most(对他们说最可贵的事物) stations, motels, restaurants, and shopping 正是题干中关键短语的换一种说法，理解了这个 centers. It has allowed the relocation of 就能很快找到答案。 manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural. 9. Trucks using the interstate highways deliver By the end of the century there was an more than 75 percent. immense network of paved roads, residential 考查细节?寻读法?句层次理解 streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway 从关键信息词truck和 deliver more than可找到原 system was officially renamed for Eisenhower 文的出处第八段的第一句话:全国超出百分七十 to honor his vision and leadership. The year 五的货物运输是由卡车送达。 construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation 10. The interstate system was renamed after systems are dynamic elements in the very name Eisenhower in recognition of his vision and we bear—United States. Without them, we leadership. would be a mere alliance of many separate 考查细节?寻读法?句层次理解 parts.” 原文中最后一段的第二句话的同义转述，to honor (以示尊敬)与in recognition of(以„纪念)意 义相似。 Part III Listening Comprehension Section A 11. [A] The girls got on well M: What would be like working with 【解析】选项表明对话与女孩们之间的相处情况with each other. those young stars? 有关，而由,C,可推测这些女孩很可能是一群[B]It's understandable that girls W: It was a great group, I always got 年轻的明星(young stars)。,D,与女孩们的相处don't get along. mad when people said that we didn’t get 这一话题关系不大，与其他三项内容明显不同，[C]She was angry with the along, just because we were girls, there 故可初步排除。,B,、,C,意思相近，均表示女other young stars. was never a fight. We had a great time. 孩们相处得不太好，故二者均不大可能为答案。[D]The girls lacked the courage Q: What does the woman mean? ,A,则表示女孩们相处得非常好，与,B,、,C,to fight. 同时相反，根据命题规律，同时与两个意思相近 的选项相反的选项很可能为答案。因此可初步推 测本题答案为,A,。听音时重点留意女孩们相处 得如何(“好”还是“不好”)。what would be like doing sth.?意为“„怎么样,”，是用于寻问情况 的一种常见句式。 12. [A] The woman does her M: Are you telling me you don't have a 【解析】选项中housework和housekeeper(管家)own housework. housekeeper? 表明对话与家务活和管家有关。,C,是说房间的[B] The woman needs a W: No, we don't. If you make a mess, 情况(房间很乱)，而其他三项均是陈述女士是housekeeper. you clean it up yourself. 否雇佣管家承担家务活有关，故,C,可初步排[C]The woman's house is in a Q: What do we learn from this 除。,D,是说女士是一名housekeeper，根据常mess. conversation? 识，housekeeper的主要工作就是负责管理家务，[D]The woman works as a 那她自己的家务活肯定是由她自己来做(,A,的housekeeper. 内容)，即,D,成立，,A,就同时成立，因此 ,D,不大可能为答案。故听音时应留意以下选 项要点:woman,自己做housework;需要 housekeeper。make a mess意为“弄脏，弄乱”。 13. [A] The Edwards are quite W: I hear that the Edwards are thinking 【解析】由选项中should, unwise等词可推测问well-off. of buying another house. 题应该涉及到看法或建议。选项中living expenses[B] The Edwards should cut M: Should they be doing that with all (生活开支)和buy another house表明对话应与down on their living expenses. the other expenses they have to pay? the Edwards的生活开支和购房 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 有关。,A,[C] It'll be unwise for the Anyhow, they are over 70 now, their 与此主题关系不大，且与其他三项内容明显不Edwards to buy another house. present house is not too bad. 同，故可初步排除。,D,是说the Edwards目前[D] It's too expensive for the Q: What does the man imply? 的住房开支太大，言外之意就是,B,(the EdwardsEdwards to live in their present 应该削减生活开支)，因此,D,也不大可能为答house. 案。故听音时应重点留意以下两点:cut down expenses;unwise to buy house。对话中男士用反 问语气(should they be doing„?)表示反对意见 They shouldn’t be doing„(?It’ll be unwise„to do„)。 14. [A] The woman didn't M: You look like you are freezing to 【解析】选项表明对话与天气变化和女士的反应expect it to be so warm at noon. death. Why don't you put this on? 有关。,C,是说天气预报的情况，与主题不太相[B] The woman is sensitive to W: Thank you, it was so warm at noon. 关，与其他选项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。 weather changes. I didn't expect the weather to change so ,A,是说没有料到天气突然变暖，,D,是说天[C] The weather forecast was quickly. 气突然变冷，二者意思正好相反，故很可能有一unreliable. Q: What do we learn from the 个为答案。因此听音时重点关注天气是突然“变[D] The weather turned cold all conversation? 冷”还是“变暖”，另外也要注意对话中是否提of a sudden. 到了女士对天气变化敏感(sensitive)。抓住男士 话中的freezing to death(冷得要命)即可基本确 定答案为,D,。unreliable意为“不可靠的”。all of a sudden意为“突然，出乎意料地”。 15. [A] At a clinic. M: I'll have the steak, French Fries, and 【解析】选项表明本题为“地点场景”类型。做 [B]In a supermarket. let's see, chocolate ice-cream for dissert. 这类题目时，在听音时要注意捕捉符合某一地点 [C]At a restaurant. W: Oh, Oh, you know these things will 场景特点的关键词，结合语境作出推断，一般这 [D]In an ice cream shop. ruin your health, too much fat and 类题目的信息词都不只一个，因此切忌听到只言 sugar, how about ordering some 片语就妄下结论。本题中如只抓住前面的steak, vegetables and fruit instead? French Fries, ice-cream和后面的vegetables and Q: Where does the conversation most fruit等词，则很有可能会误选,B,。只有抓住关 probably take place? 键词“order(点菜)”才可以迅速确定答案为,C,。 16. [A] The woman did M: What was it like growing up in New 【解析】选项表明对话与在Bronx区成长或生活not feel any danger growing up York's Bronx District? Was it safe? 的安全状况有关。由选项中feel, think等词可推in the Bronx. W: To me, it was. It was all I knew. My 测问题与某人的看法或感受有关。,C,是说女士[B] The man thinks it was mom would send me to the shop and I'd 很小就开始工作养家，和主题关系不大，与其他quite safe living in the Bronx go and buy things when I was about 8 选项内容明显不同， 故可初步排除。选项要点district. years old. 为:woman,no danger;man,safe/ not safe。故[C] The woman started Q: What do we learn from the 听音时重点应留意男士或女士是觉得Bronx区是working at an early age to conversation? “安全”还是“不安全”。 support her family. [D]The man doesn't think it safe to send an 8-year-old to buy things. 17. [A] The man has never seen M: Nice weather, isn't it? Oh, I've seen 【解析】选项表明对话双方很可能是在同一家公the woman before. you around the office, but I don't think 司或同一个楼层上班，但彼此可能不太相熟。,D, [B]The two speakers work for we've met, I am Henry Smith, I work in 项是说女士对市场研究感兴趣，没有提到男士的the same company. the Market Research Section. 情况，与其他三项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。[C]The two speakers work on W: Nice to meet you, Henry. I am Helen 因此听音时应主要留意以下要点:对话双方是在the same floor. Grant, I am in the Advertising Section “同一公司”上班(,B,)还是在“同一楼层”[D]The woman is interested in on the ninth floor. 上班(,C,);男士以前是否见过女士(,A,)。注market research. Q: What can we infer from the 意“Market Research Section”与“Advertising conversation? Section”应该属于同一公司的两个不同部门，由 此可判断男士和女士在同一公司上班。 18. [A]The woman can't M: Mam, I hear you have an apartment 【解析】选项中noise, look for an apartment和tolerate any noise. for rent, can I take a look at it? appointment表明对话很可能与找公寓或看房子[B] The man is looking for an W: Sure, you're welcome any time by 有关。,D,与其他三项内容几乎没有关联，故可apartment. appointment, but I have to tell you the 初步排除。因此听音时应重点留意以下要点:[C] The man has missed his building is close to a railway with the woman,can’t tolerate noise;man,looking for appointment. noise. You might as well save the trip. apartment, miss appointment。,A,表示找公寓的[D] The woman is going to take Q: What do we learn from the 是女士，,B,则表示找工作的是男士，二者中很a train trip. conversation? 有可能有一个为答案，因此听音时应重点辨别找 公寓的是“男士”还是“女士”。 Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 预览三道题各选项，由21题可推测对话中19. [A] To make a business Conversation 1 男士(Mr. Saunders)很可能是在申请女report to the woman. W: Please have a seat, Mr. Thunders. I received 士公司的职位。故对话很可能是围绕申请[B]To be interviewed for a job your resume last week, and was very impressed. 工作这一话题而展开。 19. What's the purpose of Mr. Thunder's in the woman's company. M: Thank you! visit? [C] To resign from his position W: We are a small financial company trading mostly 【解析】选项均为不定式表明本题很可能in the woman's company. stocks and bonds. May I ask why you are interested 是关于某事的目的。而选项内容都是关于[D] To exchange stock market in working for us? 男士与女士之间的活动，可推测本题很可 能是关于男士拜访女士的目的。由21题分information with the woman. M: Your company has an impressive reputation and I 析可知，对话是围绕男士申请工作这一话20. [A] He is head of a small always want to work for a smaller company. 题展开，故本题答案很可能为[B]“to be trading company. W: That's good to hear. Would you mind telling me a interviewed(面试” 20. What is Mr. Thunder's current job? [B] He works in an international little bit about your present job? 【解析】选项表明本题很可能是考查的是insurance company. M: I'm currently working in a large international 男士目前的工作。[B]、[C]、[D]均表示他[C] He leads a team of brokers company in charge of a team of 8 brokers, we buy 在为其他公司工作，[A]则是说男士自己经 营一家小的贸易公司，与“男士申请女士in a big company. and sell stocks for major clients worldwide. 公司的工作”这一主题不符，也与其他三[D] He is a public relations W: Why do you think you are the right candidate for 项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。而从19officer in a small company. this position? 题选项中的business report和stock market21. [A] The woman thinks Mr. M: As a head broker, I have a lot of experience in 可推测男士的工作比较可能为[C](lead a team fo brokers)。而[B]中的insurance (保Saunders is asking for more than the stock market, I deal with the clients on the daily 险)和[D]中的public relations(公共关系)they can offer. bases, and I enjoy working with people. 在其他各题选项中均找不到任何线索。另[B]Mr. Saunders will share one W: Well, you might just be the person we've been 外听音时应注意辨别男士是在“大公司” 还是在“小公司”工作，通过这一点便可third of the woman's looking for. Do you have any questions? 排除两个干扰选项，之后确定答案也就比responsibilities. M: Uh-hum, if I were hired, how many accounts 较容易了。 [C]Mr. Saunders believes that he would I be handling? broker意为“保险经济人”。 21. What can we conclude from the deserves more paid vacations. W: You will be working with two other head conversation? [D]The woman seems to be brokers, in another words, you will be handling 【解析】选项[A]、[D]是女士对男士的看satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past about a third of our clients. 法，选项[C]则是男士对工作条件的看法，experience. M: And who would I report to? 故本题很可能与面试的结果有关。[B]是说 男士申请的这份工作所需承担的责任，与 W: Directly to me. 面试无关，与其他三项内容明显不同，故M: I see. What kind of benefits package do you 可初步排除。 [A]表示女士对男士不太满 offer? 意， [D]则表示女士对男士很满意，二者 意思相反，故很可能有一个为答案。听音W: Two weeks of paid vacation in your first year 时应重点留意女士的态度如何。 employment, you are also been entitled to medical and dental insurance, but this is something you should discuss with our Personnel Department. Do you have any other questions? M: No, not at the moment. W: Well, I have to discuss your application with my colleagues and we'll get back to you early next week. M: OK, thanks, it's been nice meeting you! W: Nice meeting you too! And thanks for coming in today. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 预览四道题各选项，由22题可推测对话中女22. [A] She's worried about the M: Hey, Karen, you are not really 士(Karen)很可能对某一课程缺乏兴趣或感seminar. reading it, are you? 觉吃力，23题则涉及到Karen对专业的喜好[B] The man keeps interrupting W: Pardon? 问题，25题则表明对话很可能与Karen更换her. M: The book! You haven't turned the 专业有关。综合来看，对话很可能是围绕[C]She finds it too hard. page in the last ten minutes. Karen不满目前专业想调换这一话题展开。 [D] She lacks interest in it. W: No, Jim, I suppose I haven't. I need to 23. [A]The lecturers are boring. get through although, but I keep drifting 22. Why can't Karen concentrate on the [B]The course is poorly designed. away. book? 【解析】由worried, find it too hard, lack interest[C] She prefers Philosophy to M: So it doesn't really hold your 可推测本题很可能是与Karen对it的感受有English. interest? 关。由本题[A]中的seminar(讨论会)及其他[D] She enjoys literature more. W: No, not really. I wouldn't bother with 题选项中course, major等词可推测本题中it24. [A]Karen's friend. it, to be honest, but I have to read it for a 应该与某一课程有关。[B]是说男士一直打扰[B] Karen's parents. seminar. I'm at the university. Karen，与其他三项(Karen自己的感受)内容[C]Karen's lecturers. M: It's a labor of labor then rather than 明显不同，故可初步排除。而根据23题中[D]Karen herself. a labor of love. prefer和enjoy可推测本题很可能是与Karen25. [A] Changing her major. W: I should say, I don't like Dickens at 的兴趣有关，即本题答案很可能为[D]。 [B]Spending less of her parents' all really, the author, indeed, I am money. starting to like the whole course less and 23. Why is Karen starting to like the course [C]Getting transferred to the less. less and less? 【解析】根据上题分析，选项中boring, poorly English Department. M: It's not just the book, it's the course designed与prefer, enjoy表明本题很可能是关[D]Leaving the university. as well? 于Karen对该课程缺乏兴趣的原因有关。两道 W: Yeah, in a way, although the course 题结合起来分析，问题应该是Karen主观方面itself isn't really that bad, a lot of it is 的原因引起的。因此本题的答案应主要在[C]pretty good, in fact, and the lecturers are 和[D]之间选择，重点辨别Karen是更喜欢fine. It's me, I suppose. You see, I wanted “philosophy(哲学)”还是更喜欢“literatureto do philosophy rather than English, but (文学)”。rather than意为“而不是”。 my parents took me out of it. M: So the course is OK as such. It's just 24. Who thinks Philosophy graduates have that hadn't been left to you. You would limited job opportunities? 【解析】选项均为人物角色表明本题是针对have chosen a different one. “who”进行提问。联系对话主题，本题很可W: Oh, they had my best interest at 能与影响Keren对课程或专业的喜好或选择heart, of course,[24B] my parents. They 的人有关。听音时注意辨认选项中的关键词。always do, don't they? They believe that Have one’s best interest at heart意为“处处为某my job prospects would be pretty limited 人的利益着想”。 with the degree of philosophy. Plus they give me really a generous allowance, but 25. What is Karen thinking of doing? 【解析】选项均为现在分词表明本题为考查I am beginning to feel that I'm wasting “行为活动”类型。[B]与对话主题及其他选my time and their money. They would be 项均无关系，故可初步排除。[D]是说要退出so disappointed though if I told them I 大学，而根据对主题的分析，对话主要涉及的was quitting. 是专业问题，没有提到要退学的问题，故本题答案更可能在[A]和[C]之间选择。而[C]选项是说转到外语系，实际上也是改变专业，包含在[A]之内，故本题答案最有可能为[A]。注意这里的quit是指退出现在的专业，而不是指退出大学，选择答案时需根据上下文，切忌根据常识进行判断。 Section B Passage One 26. [A] Rent a grave. In Greece, only rich people will rest in 预览四道题各选项，由反复出现的bury, body, [B] Burn the body. peace for ever when they die. Most of the grave等词可推测本文与尸体在墓地的安藏有关。 [C] Bury the dead near a church. population, however, will be undisturbed for 26. What must Greeks do to keep the dead resting [D] Buy a piece of land for a only three years, then they will be dug up, in ever-lasting peace? washed, compressed into a small tin box, 【解析】选项均为动词原形表明本题为考查“行grave. 27. [A] To solve the problem and placed in a bone room. If the body has 为活动”类型。四个选项均与埋藏尸体有关，[B]of lack of land. only partially decayed, it is reburied in a 项概念太泛，其他三项都较具体，故[B]不大可能[B] To see whether they have smaller cheaper grave, but not for long, the 为答案。 [A]表示“租”墓地，而[D]表示“买”decayed. body will be dug up again some time later 墓地，二者中很可能有一个为答案，听音时应重[C] To follow the Greek when it has fully decayed. Buying a piece 点关注。ever-lasting意为“持久的”。根据首句中religious practice. of land for a grave is the only way to avoid only rich people„就可基本确定答案为 [D](没有[D] To move them to a this process. The cost of the grave is so 钱就买不起墓地)。 multi-storey graveyard. great that most people choose to rent a 27. Why are most dead bodies in Amphons dug up 28. [A] They should be buried grave for three years and even after being after three years? lying down. dug up, lasting peace is still not guaranteed. 【解析】选项均为不定式表明本题很可能是考查[B] They should be buried If no one pays for renting space in the bone 做某事的目的或原因。根据短文主题及选项中standing up. room, the skeleton is removed and stored in decayed, move等词可推测， [B]中的they和 [C][C] They should be buried after a building in a poor part of the town. Lack 中them应该是代指“bodies”。根据 [B]、[D]选being washed. of space in Amphons is the main reason 项内容可推测本题很可能是与移动尸体的目的或[D] They should be buried when why the dead are dug up after three years. 原因有关。听音时应留意表示因果关系的连接词。partially decayed. The city is so overcrowded that sometimes 一般这类询问目的或原因的题目往往是在问题上29. [A] Burning dead bodies dead bodies are kept in hospitals for over a 做句型的转换，也就是对原文的同义转述，答案to ashes. week until a grave is found. Amphons city 则经常是原文的细节辨认，因此听音时应重点留[B] Storing dead bodies in a council wants to introduce cremation that is 意以下要点:lack of land;if decayed; religion; remote place. burning the dead bodies as a means of multi-storey graveyard。 [C]Placing dead bodies in a dealing with the problem. But the Greek 28. What suggestions does the church give about bone room. Church resists this practice, they believe the burying of the dead bodies? [D] Digging up dead bodies the only place where people burn is a hell, 【解析】选项表明本题很可能是关于尸体埋藏的after three years. so burning dead bodies is against the 方式。由选项中的should可推测本题很可能与建 Greek concept of life after death. To save 议或意见有关。故听音时应重点留意表达建议或 space, the church suggested burying the 意见的词句。[D]是说在尸体部分腐烂的时候将尸 bodies standing up instead of lying down. 体下藏，不太符合逻辑，可初步排除。[A]是说埋 Some people proposed building 藏时将尸体躺着放，[B]则是说埋藏时将尸体立着 multi-storey underground grave yards. 放，二者正好相反，故很可能有一个为答案。本 题的选择可结合27题，如考生能确定27答案为 [A]，便可基本确定本题答案为[B](buried standing up?save land?solve the problem of lack of land)。 29. What practice does the Greek church object to? 【解析】选项均为动名词表明本题为考查“行为 活动”类型。四个选项均表示处理尸体的方式， 故本题很可能是关于除埋藏以外的其他处理尸体 的方式。[D]是说三年后将尸体挖出，仍然与埋藏 尸体有关，且不属于尸体的安置方式，与其他三 项内容明显不同，故可初步排除。听音时应留意 以下要点:burn;store in remote place;place in bone room。本题只要抓住burn一词便不难选出答案。 Passage Two 预览三道题各选项，由选项中immigrants, 30. [A] Many foreign tourists visit If you visit a big city anywhere in the other countries, other cultures以及eating the United States every year. world, you will probably find a restaurant out, foreign foods, cooking等词可推测本文[B]Americans enjoy eating out with would serve the food of your own native 与美国的移民及美国人的饮食习惯有关。 30. Why are there so many international their friends. country. Most large cities in the United States restaurants in the United States? [C] The United States is a country of offer international sample of foods. Many 【解析】选项中的foreign, immigrants表明immigrants. people enjoy eating the food of other nations. 本题很可能与美国对外来食物的喜好有关。[D] Americans prefer foreign foods This is probably one reason why there are so [A]、[C]、[D]三项均与“外来食物”有关， [B]是说美国人喜欢和朋友“外出吃饭”，与to their own food. many different kinds of restaurants in the 外来食物无关，故[可初步排除。[D]是说美31. [A] They can make friends United States. A second reason is that many 国人更偏爱外来食物而不大喜欢自己国家with people from other countries. Americans come from other parts of the 的食物，说法过于绝对(这应该只是一部分 美国人的喜好)，故也可初步排除。因此本[B] They can get to know people of world. They enjoy tasting the foods of their 题的关键就是在“tourists(游客)”和other cultures and their lifestyles. native lands. In the city of Detroit, for “immigrants(移民)”之间选择。 [C] They can practice speaking example, there are many people from western 31. Why do Americans like to go to international restaurants apart from foreign languages there. Europe, Greece, Latin America, and the Far enjoying the foods there? [D] They can meet with East. There are many restaurants in Detroit 【解析】选项中都含有can表明本题很可能businessmen from all over the which serve the foods of these areas. There 与做某事能够达到的目的有关。由选项中的world. are many other international restaurants too. other countries, other cultures, foreign等可推 测本题很可能涉及到与其他国家人民的接32. [A] The couple cook the dishes Americans enjoy the foods in these restaurants 触。根据对主题的分析可知本文主要与饮食and the children help them. as well as the opportunity to better understand 有关，而[C]、[D]分别是从语言和商业角度[B] The husband does the cooking the people and their way of life. One of the 来说，与主题不太相关，且从其他各题选项 中均找不到与这两方面相关的线索，故二者and the wife serves as the waitress. most common international restaurants to be 均不大可能为答案。故本题主要应在[A][C] The mother does the cooking found in the United States is the Italian (make friends)和[B](know other cultures)while the father and children wait on restaurant. The restaurant may be a small 之间选择。而根据常识，饮食应该与文化和 生活方式联系比较紧密，因此答案为[B]的the guests. business run by a single family. The mother 可能性更大。 [D]A hired cook prepares the dishes of the family cooks all of the dishes, and the 32. How is it typical Italian family and the family members serve the father and children serve the people who restaurant run in the United States? guests. come to eat there. Or it may be a large 【解析】选项中waitress, serve, guests以及 husband, mother, children等表明本题很可能 restaurant owned by several different people 与家庭经营的餐馆中各个家庭成员如何分who worked together in the business. Many 工有关。四个选项中负责cooking的人均不 Italian dishes that Americans enjoy are made 同，分别是couple, husband, mother和hired cook。故听音时只要辨别出由谁来cookingwith meats, tomatoes and cheese. They are 即可确定答案。wait on sb. 意为“照料或侍very delicious and tasty. 侯某人(尤指进餐时)”。 Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard. Passage Three 预览三道题各选项，由选项中basketball 33. [A] He took them to watch a One winter day in 1891, a class of training game, basket, rules等可推测本文与篮球比basketball game. school in Massachusetts, U. S. A, went into 赛和比赛规则有关。 [B] He trained them to play the gym for their daily exercises. Since the 33. What did Nasmith do to entertain his students one winter day? European football. football season had ended, most of young men 【解析】选项中train, let, taught表明he很[C] He let them compete in getting felt they were in for a boring time. But their 可能是代指“教练”。本题很可能是问教练balls out of a basket. teacher, Janes Nasmith had other ideas. He 带领或教队员们做什么。[A]是说“观看”[D] He taught them to play an had been working for a long time on the new 篮球比赛，而从本题其他选项及34题各选 项可知队员们应该是亲自在“参与”比赛，exciting new game. game that would have the excitement of 故[A]可初步排除。[B]是说踢欧洲足球34.[A]The players found the basket American football. Nasmith showed the men a (football)，而本题及其他题各选项中涉及too high to reach. basket he had hung at the each end of the 的均是篮球(basketball)，故[B]也可初步排 除。根据34题[C]和35题[C]中的rules可推[B]The players had trouble getting gym, and explained that they were going to 测本文很可能介绍的是一种新型比赛项目use a round European football, at first the ball out of the basket. (new game)，故本题的答案最有可能为[C] The players had difficulty everybody tried to throw the ball into the [D]。 34. According to the speaker, what was the understanding the complex rules. basket no matter where he was standing. problem with the new game? [D]The players soon found the game “Pass! Pass!” Nasmith kept shouting, blowing 【解析】选项中trouble, difficulty表明本题boring. his whistle to stop the excited players. Slowly, 很可能与比赛中的问题或困难有关。[D]不35. [A] By removing the bottom of they began to understand what was wanted of 是比赛过程中具体的问题，与其他三项内容 明显不同，故可初步排除。因此听音时应重them. The problem with the new game, which the basket. 点关注以下要点:问题,basket too high, ball [B] By lowering the position of the was soon called “basketball”, was getting the out of basket, complex rules。 basket. ball out of the basket. They used ordinary 35. How was the problem with the new game solved?【解析】选项表明本题是关于[C]By simplifying the complex food baskets with bottoms, and the ball, of 做某事的方式。而前面分析可知，34题是rules. course, stayed inside. At first, someone had to 关于比赛中的问题或困难，故本题很可能是[D] By altering the size of the climb up every time a basket was scored. It 关于如何解决该问题或困难。因此本题答案 的选择可联系34题。而稍加分析便不难发basket. was several years before someone came up 现，本题中[A]、[B]、[C]分别是针对34题with the idea of removing the bottom of the [B]、[A]、[C]三种问题的解决办法，因此只basket and letting the ball fall through. There 要抓住问题或解决办法中的任何一方面，便 have been many changes in the rules since 可确定两道题的答案。remove意为“去除， 去掉”。 then, and basketball has become one of the world’s most popular sports. Section C For Americans, time is money. (36) future (36)空前定冠词the及空后will表明所填词应为名词，They say, “You only get so much (37) trained 并充当句子的主语，而根据句子后面的than the past or time in this life; you’d better use it (38) admire present可知此处是与“过去”或“现在”的比较，很wisely. ” The (36) ______ will not be (39) schedule 容易就可以联想到“future(未来)”。 better than the past or present, as (40) considerate (37) 空前系动词are及空后不定式表明所填词很可能Americans are (37) ______ to see (41) waste 为过去分词，其逻辑宾语为Americans。本句中as表things, unless people use their time (42) visible 示“正如”，引导非限制定语从句，代替前面整个句for constructive activities. Thus, (43) necessarily 子，因此应注意所填词在意思上与前面句子的连贯Americans (38) ______ a (44) something that is 性。 “ well-organized ” person, one who simply there around them, (38) 空前Americans及空后的名词短语表明所填词应has a written list of things to do and a not something they can use 充当句子的谓语动词，主语为复数，且前后句子的时(39) ______ for doing them. The (45) the fast food industry 态均为现在时，故此处应填动词原形。“thus”表明本ideal person is punctual and is (40) can be seen as a clear 空所在句子应为前句内容导致的结果。既然美国人认______ of other people’s time. They example of American 为应该把时间用在有意义的事情上，那么他们对do not (41) _______ people’s time cultural product 于 “well-organized person(有条理的人)”应该是持with conversation or other activity (46) spread around the “赞赏(admire)”的态度。 that has no (42) ______ beneficial world, they have been (39) 空前不定冠词a及空后介词短语表明所填词应为outcome. viewed as symbols of 单数可数名词。one who has„应是对前面“a The American attitude toward American society and well-organized person”的解释，并且and表明本空应time is not (43) ______shared by culture 与a written list并列。根据上文，“a well-organized others, especially non-Europeans. person”应该是指擅长安排时间的人，因此他在把要They are more likely to regard time 做的事情列成清单的同时应该把时间也安排好，故本as (44)________________. One of 空很可能填“schedule(时间安排表)”一词。 the more difficult things many (40) 由and可知所填词应与punctual(准时的)并列students must adjust to in the States is 作表语共同描述“ideal person”的特点。根据上文所the notion that time must be saved 述，理想的人应该能够做到准时并充分“尊重”或“考whenever possible and used wisely 虑”他人的时间。故本空很可能填“respectful”或every day. “considerate”。 In this context (45) (41) 空前They及空后的名词短语表明所填词应充当_______________. McDonald’s, 句子的谓语动词，而助动词do not决定此处应填动词KFC, and other fast food 原形。本空可联系第40空的分析。本空所在句子仍establishments are successful in a 然是描述“ideal person”的情况，上句中说他们都很country where many people want to 准时，言外之意就是他们不会“浪费(waste)”别人spend the least amount of time 的时间。 preparing and eating meals. As (42)空前的no和空后的名词短语表明此处应为形容词McDonald’s restaurants (46) 修饰outcome(效果)。That引导定语从句修饰前面的_______________________, conversation or other activity，根据上一题的分析，本bringing not just hamburgers but an 句应该是表示理想的人是不会用那些不能带来(42) emphasis on speed, efficiency, and ______好处的谈话或其他活动去浪费别人的时间的。shiny cleanliness. 而从短文前面的内容可知，本文主要是强调时间的效 率，因此这里应该有“快速或明显”的含义。 (43)本空位于系动词和谓语动词之间，故所填词很可 能为副词，修饰动词shared。本空所在句子的含义为 美国人对时间的态度不(43) ______被其他人分享，尤 其是欧洲以外的人。这种说法过于绝对，故所填词应 表达一种“(不)完全或一定”的含义。后面句子中 的more likely也提示这里应表达一种非绝对的概念。 (44)空前的regard time as表明所缺部分应为as的宾 语，故其形式应为名词短语。而本句的主语they应该 指代的是non-European，根据上句所述，他们应该不 像美国人那样看重时间。 [Main Points] something that simply exists around them, not something they can use (45) in this context意为“在这种概念的促使下”，指代 的应该是上文的情况，即每天要尽可能的节约并有效 地利用时间，故接下来描述的应该是上文情况所导致 的结果。而根据空后的“McDonald’s, KFC, and other fast food”，所缺部分应该是描述快餐店的出现。 [Main Points] the fast food industry can be viewed as a good example of the cultural product of the U.S (46) 空前的as McDonald’s restaurants意为“随着麦 当劳餐馆的„”，而空后的现在分词短语(bringing not„)应该是前面内容导致的结果，即前面的情况不 仅给人们带来了汉堡包而且导致了人们对速度、效率 和洁净的重视，因此此处很可能是指美国这种快餐店 在其他国家的扩展给其他国家带来的影响。填空时要 注意由于空前是as引导的从句，而空后是现在分词作 状语，故所缺部分应该包含从句的谓语部分及整个主 句才能使句子的结构完整。 [Main Points] spread around the world, they have been regarded as symbols of the society and culture of the U.S Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) Section A EI Nino is the name given to the 47【解析】选[F]。 空格前为一形容词，通常其后修饰mysterious and often unpredictable change [F] phenomenon 名词，可推知空格处要填一单数名词。从前文可知，所in the climate of the world. This strange 47 填名词指代EI Nino(厄尔尼诺)这种奇怪的气候现象。happens every five to eight years. It starts in 选项中共有六个名词，而能指代EI Nino的只有[F] the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused phenomenon(现象)。 by a failure in the trade winds(信风), which [B] strength 48【解析】选[B]。从主谓搭配来看，空格处描绘信风affects the ocean currents driven by these 在哪方面减弱(the trade winds lessen)，选项中剩下的winds. As the trade winds lessen in 48, the 五个名词中能形容风力减弱的只有[B] strength(力量)。 ocean temperatures rise, causing the Peru 49【解析】选[E]。选项中能修饰名词thunderstorms(雷current flowing in from the east to warm up [E] tropical 暴)的形容词，并且和闷热、潮湿的空气气候现象相联by as much as 5?. 系的只有[E]tropical(热带的)，选项中其他两个形容词 The warning of the ocean has [L] bringing [J] destructive(毁灭性)，与severe(严重的)意思重复，far-reaching effects. The hot, humid (潮湿 而 [G] stable(稳定的)不用来修饰thunderstorms。 的)air over the ocean causes severe49 50【解析】选[L]。此处逗号起重要提示作用，逗号后 面部分为伴随状态，起补充说明作用。选项中只有动词thunderstorms. The rainfall is increased across South America, 50 floods to Peru. In [K] starvation 的现在分词形式符合题意，[L] bringing为正确选项。 the West Pacific, there are droughts affecting 51【解析】选[K]。从关键连词while，可知此处whileAustralia and Indonesia. So while some parts 前后两分句形成结构上和语义上的对比，从选项中剩下 of the world prepare for heavy rains and [J] destructive 的四个名词中选出能和drought(干旱)、poor crops(农floods, other parts face drought, poor crops 作物歉收)构成语义上的顺承关系的名词是[K] and 51. starvation(饥荒 )。强干扰项 [M] exhaustion EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 [N] worth (耗尽枯竭)不能很好地描述poor crops现象。 months. The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the 52【解析】选[J]。此处填一形容词修饰weather。选项most 52 weather in modern history. Its effect 中只剩下两个候选形容词。从后一句话对其带来影响的was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 [A] estimate 描述(2,000 people dead) 可轻松地选对[J] destructive(毁people dead and caused over eight billion 灭性的)。 pounds 53 of damage. The 1990 EI Nino [O] strike 5【解析】选3[N]。此处填一名词，能与eight billion pounds lasted until June 1995. Scientists 54 this to 形成合理搭配，且修饰damage(损失)，选项中只有[N] be the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years. [I] completely worth(价值)符合题意。 Nowadays, weather experts are able to [C] deliberately 54【解析】选[A]。此处填一动词。选项中有三个动词forecast when an EI Nino will 55, but they [D] notify 为候选项。从宾语来看，the longest EI Nino for 2,000 are still not 56 sure what leads to it or what [G] stable years(两千年以来持续时间最长的厄尔尼诺现象)为结论affects how strong it will be. [H] attraction 性的话，排除[O] strike(打击);[D] notify(通知)为不 [M] exhaustion 及物动词，后接介词of，不选;[A] estimate(评估)符 合题意。 55【解析】选[O]。此处填一动词，主语为EI Nino，在 两个候选的动词中，[D] notify(通知)主语通常为人， 排除它。[O] strike作及物动词时表示“到达, 侵袭”， 与题意相符。 56【解析】选[I]。从空格后的形容词sure(确定的)可 知此处填一副词。选项中两个副词completely(完全地) 和deliberately(故意地)，很容易能选I) completely(完 全地)为正确选项。 Section B Passage One 【结构分析】说明文。本文比较了人们通过各种媒介交流时说谎话的几率～并分析了原因。文章思路为: 研究方式及结果——与研究结果不同的观点——论证研究结果——研究结果的利用价值。 Communications technologies 57. Hancock’s study focuses on . are far from equal when it comes to 考查细节?寻读法?句层次上对明示细节的理解 conveying the truth. The first study [A] the consequences of lying in various communications media,未 to compare honesty across a range 提及, of communications media has found [B] the success of communications technologies in conveying ideas that people are twice likely to tell lies ,文章只在第一句提到了communications technologies, in phone conversations as they are in [C] people’s references in selecting communication technologies,未 emails. The fact that emails are 提及, automatically recorded — and can [D] people’s honesty levels across a range of communications media Para.1—Para.2 come back to haunt (困扰) you — 文中的compare honesty across a range of communications 研究结果:各种交流 媒介中～人们在打电appears to be the key to the finding. media实际上就是指“比较人们通过各种媒介进行交流时所体现话时说谎的几率最 Jeff Hancock of Cornell 的诚实度,honesty level,”～因此[D]项为答案。 高～发电子邮件时说University in Ithaca, New York, 58. Hancock’s research finding surprised those who believed 谎话的几率最低,第 二段前半段介绍了asked 30 students to keep a that . 研究方式,。 communications diary for a week. In 考查细节?并列处命题?寻读法?句层次上对明示细节的理解 it they noted the number of [A] people are less likely to lie in instant messages,未提及, conversations or email exchanges [B] people are unlikely to lie in face-to-face interactions,第三段的 they had lasting more than 10 Others expected people to lie more in face-to-face exchanges minutes, and confessed to how many 表明～对Hancock的研究表示惊讶的另一些心理学家认为人们在 lies they told. Hancock then worked 面对面交流时更容易说谎。[B]项与此矛盾～应排除。, out the number of lies per [C] people are most likely to lie in email communication conversation for each medium. He 文中指出～Hancock的研究令一些心理学家非常吃惊～其中一些 found that lies made up 14 per cent 心理学家认为人们在使用电子邮件进行交流时最容易说谎 of emails, 21 per cent of instant ,e-mailers to be the biggest liars,～[C]项与此同义～为答 messages, 27 per cent of face-to-face 案。 interactions and an astonishing 37 [D] people are twice as likely to lie in phone conversations,依据第一 per cent of phone calls. 段中people are twice likely to tell lies in phone His results, to be presented at conversations as they are in emails设计的干扰项。但这是 the conference on human-computer Hancock的研究结果～与题干不符。, interaction in Vienna, Austria, in 59. According to the passage, why are people more likely to tell the April, have surprised psychologists. truth through certain media of communication? Para.3 Some expected e-mailers to be the 考查细节?寻读法?段落次上对隐含细节的理解 与研究结果不同的 意见:部分心理学家biggest liars, reasoning that because [A] They are afraid of leaving behind traces of their lies. 的看法与该研究结deception makes people 结合文中第四段的一、二句可知～如果一个人的交流内容被作了果恰好相反。 uncomfortable, the detachment (非直记录有被重读的可能～可以日后拿来与他对证的话～他就比较倾 接接触) of emailing would make it 向于说真话了。选项[C]中的leaving behind traces of their easier to lie. Others expected people lies就是指文中的conversation is being recorded and could to lie more in face-to-face exchanges be reread。 because we are most practised at that [B] They believe that honesty is the best policy. form of communication. [C] They tend to be relaxed when using those media. But Hancock says it is also [D] They are most practised at those forms of communication. crucial whether a conversation is 60. According to Hancock, the telephone is a preferable medium for being recorded and could be reread, promoting sales because . and whether it occurs in real time. 考查细节?定语从句处命题?寻读法?句层次上对明示细节的理 People appear to be afraid to lie 解 when they know the communication [A] salesmen can talk directly to their customers could later be used to hold them to [B] salesmen may feel less restrained to exaggerate account, he says. This is why fewer 末段提到:由Hancock的研究结果可知～销售人员与客户联系时Para.4—Para.5 研究者对研究结果lies appear in email than on the 最好采用电话方式～因为在电话里往往可以夸大事实～尽量吹嘘予以论证。 phone. 产品的优点～[B]项与此同义。选项中的feel less restrained to People are also more likely to exaggerate对应文中的are encouraged to stretch the truth。 lie in real time — in an instant 其他三项与文章主题无关。 message or phone call, say — than [C] salesmen can impress customers as being trustworthy if they have time to think of a [D] salesmen may pass on instant messages effectively response, says Hancock. He found 61. It can be inferred from the passage that . many lies are spontaneous (脱口而考查细节?寻读法?段落次上对隐含细节的理解 出的) responses to an unexpected [A] honesty should be encouraged in interpersonal communications demand, such as :“Do you like my ,未提及, dress?” [B] more employers will use emails to communicate with their Hancock hopes his research will employees,依据文章末句设计的干扰项, help companies work out the best [C] suitable media should be chosen for different communication ways for their employees to purposes Para.6 communicate. For instance, the 末段首句指出Hancock的研究可以帮各家公司设为雇员设计出最 研究结果可能的利好的交流方式。后面又举了两个例子:销售产品时最好采用电话phone might be the best medium for 用价值:帮助公司为sales where employees are 方式,工作评估时最好采取电子邮件的方式。由此可知～交流目员工找出最好的交 encouraged to stretch the truth. But 的不同～适合的交流媒介也不同～应相应进行选择。 流方式。 given his results, work assessment, [D] email is now the dominant medium of communication within a where honesty is a priority, might be company,未提及, best done using email. 【语境记忆】 when it comes to … 谈到„，涉及到„ the key to … „的关键 last vi. 持续 confess to 承认，坦白 work out 计算出;设计出 make up 构成，组成 present [音标] vt. 提出(论点、看法等)，呈现 reason vt. 推理;辩论 in real time 即时地，实时地 hold sb. to account 与某人对证 unexpected [音标] a.想不到的，出其不意的 stretch truth 说的过分，夸大事实 【参考译文】在传达信息的真实性方面，各种通讯技术间差别极大。第一项比较与通讯 媒介的相关的诚实度的研究表明，人们在电话中说谎的几率比在电子邮件中高出两倍。而电 子邮件可以自动保存记录的这个事实(当别人回复你的信件时，多数电子邮件程序会自动引 用你曾说过的话)——这些记录的存留会回来困扰你——似乎是这项研究结果的关键所在。 纽约州伊瑟佳市康奈尔大学的Jeff Hancock教授让30名学生用日记记录自己一周内与 人交流的情况。在日记中，学生们记录了自己与人交流十分钟以上的谈话或所发的发邮，并 且坦白承认自己在其间撒了多少谎。Hancock统计了使用每种通讯媒介交流时所说谎的次 数。他发现电子邮件中谎话的比例占14%，即时消息里占21%，面对面交谈中有27%，而 电话交谈中则高达37%。 四月在奥地利的维也纳举行的人机互动交流大会上 ，他展示的研究结果令一些心理学 家非常吃惊。一些心理学家认为在电子邮件中人们说谎话的几率会最大，并给出理由说是欺 骗会使人不安，因此以非直接接触的方式发邮件使人说起谎来更容易一些。另一些心理学家 则认为人们在进行面对面的交流时说的谎话会多一些，是因为我们最擅长于用那种方式交 流。但是Hancock说问题的关键还在于交流的内容有没有被记录，有没有被重读的可能性， 以及谈话是否为即时性的。他还认为，当人们知道交流内容日后可能被拿来与他们对证时， 似乎就不太敢说谎了。这也正是电子邮件中的谎言要比电话中少的原因。 Hancock指出，与有时间考虑如何作答的情况不同，人们在即时交流——比如在发送即 时消息或是打电话——时更容易说谎，。他发现很多谎话实际都是对出其不意的要求所作的 不假思索的回答，比如“你喜欢我的衣服吗,” Hancock希望他的研究能帮助公司为雇员设计出最理想的交流方式。比如，电话可以作 为销售的最好媒介，因为在打电话时，雇员可以主动善意的夸大事实。但是，在进行诚实性 为首要因素的业绩和工作表现评定时，发送电子邮件或许是最好的方式。 Passage Two 【结构分析】叙述性报道。本文围绕美国的“保证安全旅行”行动展开。文章思路为:问题 ——问题的解决方式——各方的反应——当事人的现状。 Para.1 In a country that defines itself by 62. According to the author, the United States claims to be a nation . 问题:“911ideals, not by shared blood, who should be 考查细节?寻读法?句层次上对隐含细节的理解 事件”之后～allowed to come, work and live here? In the [A] composed of people having different values 美国的安全 问题尤为迫wake of the Sept. 11 attacks these question [B] encouraging individual pursuits 切。 have never seemed more pressing. [C] sharing common interests Para.2— On Dec. 11, 2001, as part of the effort [D] founded on shared ideals Para.3 to increase homeland security, federal and 文章前两句提到，在一个以理想而非以血缘为基石的国家里，应该允许什么样的人来这个国家、工作并居住在这里呢,在“911”恐怖问题的解决 方式:通过袭击给的警示之后，这些问题变得比以往任何时候都迫切了，显然美国是一个以共同理想为基石的国家，这一共同的理想便是“国家安全”，local authorities in 14 states staged “保证安全在“911”恐怖袭击后“国家安全”问题更加紧迫、强烈。 “Operation Safe Travel” — raids on 旅行”活动对 airports to arrest employees with false 63. How did the immigrants in Salt Lake City feel about “Operation Safe Travel”? 持假证件的 机场工作人identification (身份证明). In Salt Lake City 考查细节?寻读法?句层次上对明示细节的理解 员进行搜捕。 there were 69 arrests. But those captured [A] Guilty.,感到内疚的～感到惭愧的, were anything but terrorists, most of them [B] Offended. offended意为“生气的～被触怒的”～与anger同义。feel offended about “Operation Safe Travel”对应文中的were illegal immigrants from Central or South Para.3—America. Authorities said the angered at the arrest。 Para.4 undocumented workers’ illegal status made [C] Disappointed.,失望的, 有关方面对 them open to blackmail (讹诈) by terrorists. [D] Discouraged. ,气馁的, 此次搜捕行 动的反应及64. Undocumented workers became the target of “Operation Safe Travel” because . Many immigrants in Salt Lake City 看法。 were angered by the arrests and said they 考查细节?引言处命题?寻读法?句层次上对明示细节的理解 felt as if they were being treated like [A] evidence was found that they were potential terrorists,potential“潜在的～可能的”, disposable goods. [B] most of them worked at airports under threat of terrorist attacks Mayor Anderson said those feelings [C] terrorists might take advantage of their illegal status were justified to a certain extent. “We’re the undocumented workers’ illegal status made them open to blackmail by terrorists表明非法移民的工人因其不 saying we want you to work in these places, 合法地位很容易被恐怖分子利用～[C]项表述的意思与此相同～为答案。 [D] they were reportedly helping hide terrorists around the airport we’re going to look the other way in terms Para.5 of what our laws are, and then when it’s 65. By saying “…we’re going to look the other way in terms of what our laws are” (Line 2, Para 4), Mayor Anderson means 当事人的现 convenient for us, or when we can try to “ ”. 状:被捕的非 法移民每天make a point in term of national security, 考查细节?引言处命题?寻读法?篇章层次上对隐含细节的理解 生活在被驱especially after Sept. 11, then you’re [A] we will turn a blind eye to your illegal status 逐出境的威 disposable. There are whole families being [B] we will examine the laws in a different way 胁中。 uprooted for all of the wrong reasons,” [C] there are other ways of enforcing the law Anderson said. [D] the existing laws must not be ignored If Sept. 11 had never happened, the 66. What do we learn about Ana Castro from the last paragraph? airport workers would not have been 考查细节?寻读法?句层次上对隐含细节的理解 arrested and could have gone on quietly [A] She will be deported sooner of later.,缺乏依据, living in America, probably indefinitely. [B] She is allowed to stay permanently.,根据文章最后一句设计的干扰项。While she awaits the outcome表明Castro只 And Castro, a manager at a Ben , Jerry’s 是被允许在最终结案之前在美国逗留一段时间～并不是长期性的。, ice cream shop at the airport, had been [C] Her case has been dropped.,与原文相反, working 10 years with the same false Social [D] Her fate remains uncertain. Security card when she was arrested in the 由末段倒数第二句可知～Castro的案子还有待最终审理～即还不能确定她最终是会被驱逐出境～还是会被允许留在美国。 December airport raid. Now she and her [D]项恰好表达了此意。 family are living under the threat of deportation (驱逐出境). Castro’s case is currently waiting to be settled. While she awaits the outcome, the government has granted her permission to work here and she has return to her job at Ben & Jerry’s. 【语境记忆】 pressing [音标] a. 紧迫的，迫切的 stage [音标] vt. 举行，进行 anything but … 决不是，一点也不 (be) open to 容易受到(诱惑，批评等) disposal goods 一次性商品 be justified 有道理的，正当的 to a certain extent 在一定程度上说 make a point in terms of ? make a point of 特别注意，强调 uproot [音标] vt. 使无家可归，使离开家 indefinitely [音标] ad. 不确定地 await [音标] vt. 等待 grant sb. permission to do sth. 允许某人做某事 【参考译文】在一个以理想而非以血缘为基石的国家里，应该允许什么样的人来这个国家、工作并在这里居住呢,在“911”恐怖袭击给的警示之后，这些问题变得比以往任何时候都迫切了。 2001年12月11日，为了加强本国安全，联邦以及十四个州的当地政府展开了一场“保证安全旅行”的活动——在机场搜捕使用假身份证的员工。在盐湖城，有69人被逮捕。但这些被捕的人绝对不是恐怖分子，他们大多数人只是中南美洲的非法移民。当局说这些非法移民的工人因其不合法地位很容易受到恐怖分子的讹诈。 盐湖城的许多移民都对这次逮捕表示愤慨，他们说感觉自己就像是一次性商品一样被对待。 Anderson市长说他们这种感受在某种程度上说是很合情理的。“我们说希望你们来这些地方工作，我们会想其他办法来对法律中的规定做出解释。然而当一切都方便我们行动时或是我们想强调国家安全问题的时候，尤其是‘911’事件后，你们就毫无用处了。有很多家庭正因不合理的原因流离失所”，Anderson说。 如果“911事件”压根就没发生过，很可能也说不准机场的这些工人就不会被捕，而是在美国平静地生活着。机场Ben&Jerry冰淇淋店的经理Castro，十二月在搜捕中被捕时已经用假社会安全卡整整工作十年了。现在，她和她的家人每天都生活在要被驱逐处境的威胁之中。Castro的案例目前有待于最终审理。政府已获准她在等候裁判结果的这段时间里在美国工作，现在她已经重新返回了Ben&Jerry冰淇淋店工作了。 Part V Cloze Do you wake up every day 67. [A] beside [B] near 67. [C] wait for为固定搭配，意为“等候”。在四个 feeling too tired, or even upset? If [C] for [D] around 选项中只有介词for能跟wait搭配。 so, then a new alarm clock could be 68. [A] upon [B] before 68. [B] 在„以前，空格前讲人们将进入浅睡，而 just for you. [C] towards [D] till 后面讲SleepSmart将人们唤醒，根据逻辑可以推断 The clock, called SleepSmart, 69. [A] ensure [B] assure 闹钟应该是等待人们进入浅眠状态后才唤醒人的， measures your sleep cycle, and [C] require [D] request 所以应该选[B]。其他三项均不能使句意通顺。 waits 67 you to be in your 70. [A] through[B] into 69. [A] 确保，保证，本题是近形近意词的辨析。 lightest phase of sleep 68 [C] about[D] on 本句意思是SleepSmart可以确保人们每天早上醒rousing you. Its makers say that 71. [A] reveals [B] reverses 来时神清气爽， ensure强调使某一行为或结果得should 69 you wake up feeling [C] resumes [D] repeats 以确保[A]最符合句意。[B]使确信，着重指信心，refreshed every morning. 72. [A] effect [B] affect 但不强调结果成功与否;[C]需要，指所需的人或物 As you sleep you pass 70 a [C] reflect [D] perfect 是必须的、十分重要的;[D]请求，指有礼貌地向sequence of sleep states — light 73. [A] already [B] ever 别人提出某种要求，接受与否由对方决定。 sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid [C] never [D] even 70. [A] pass through为固定搭配，意为“经历”。 本eye movement) sleep — that 71 74.[A] means [B] marks 句意思是人们睡觉时经历了一连串睡眠的阶段。[B] approximately every 90 minutes. [C] says [D] dictates pass into“进入某种状态”;[C] pass 不能与aboutThe point in that cycle at which you 75.[A] removes [B] relieves 搭配;[D] pass on“传给，往下谈”均不符合句意。 wake can 72 how you fell [C] records [D] recalls 71. [D] 重复，所填词和every 90minutes以及下句later, and may 73 have a greater 76. [A] proceeded[B] produced 中的cycle形成语义场共现。that指的是上句中一impact than how much or little you [C]pronounced[D] progressed 连串的睡眠阶段也就是下句中的that circle，该句的have slept. Being roused during a 77. [A] by [B] of 意思是这个周期每90分钟重复一次。[A]揭露，展light phase 74 you are more likely [C] with [D] over 现和[B]反向，倒转均不符合此意;[C]表示“(经打to wake up energetic. 78.[A] familiar [B] similar 断后)再继续，重新开始”。 SleepSmart 75 the distinct [C] identical [D] same 72. [B] 影响，从下一句中的have a greater impactpattern of brain waves 76 during 79.[A] findings [B] proposals 可以推断该句与空格所在句进行比较，因此所填词each phase of sleep, via a headband [C] prospects [D] purposes 应该是impact的原词复现或近义复现，选[B]。[A]equipped 77 electrodes(电极) 80.[A] prompt [B] program 实现，引起，考的是与affect近形词的辨析;[C]and a microprocessor. This measures [C] plug [D] plan 反映，映现;[D]使完美，改善。 the electrical activity of the wearer’s 81. [A] where [B] this 73. [D] 甚至，根据比较级greater可以推断所填词brain, in much the 78 way as [C] which[D] that 应该是表示加强语气的副词，所以选[D]。[A]已经;some machines used for medical and 82. [A] then [B] also [B]从来，曾经;都不符合句意;[C]从不，决不，research 79 and communicates [C] almost [D] yet 表示否定意义。 wirelessly with a clock unit near the 83. [A] claim [B] conclusion 74. [A] 意味着，根据分析可知空格后的句子是对bed. You 80 the clock with the [C] concept [D] explanation 空格前的现在分词短语的解释说明，所以选[A]。[C]latest time at 81 you want to be 84. [A] once [B] after 说明，表明为强干扰项，但没有说明某一特定事物wakened, and it 82 duly(适时[C] since [D] while 含义的意思。mean一词常以by means of为意向作地) wakes you during the last light 85. [A] Besides [B] Despite 为考点在近几年四级考试试卷上频繁出现。 sleep phase before that. [C] To [D] As 75. [C] 记录，所填词的宾语是the distinct pattern of The 83 was invented by a 86. [A] what [B] how brain waves，而[A](移开，消除)和[B](减轻，group of students at Brown [C] whether [D] when 缓解)以及[D]回忆起，招回都不能与其构成合理University in Rhode Island 84 a 搭配。 friend complained of waking up 76. [B] 产生，根据选项特点可知，所填词为过去分tired and performing poorly on a 词并与during each phase of sleep一起作brain wavestest. “ 85 ” sleep-deprived 的定语，相当于定语从句which are produced。[A]people ourselves, we started (进行)和[C](发音，宣布)以及[D](前进，进thinking of 86 to do about it.” 展)都不能与brain waves搭配。本题考查与produceSays Eric Shashoua, a recent college 的近义词辨析。 graduate and now chief executive 77. [C] equip with为固定搭配，意为“用„装备;officer of Axon Sleep Research 使具备”，其他三项均不能与equip搭配。 Laboratories, a company created by 78. [D] the same…as为固定搭配，意为“和„一样”，the students to develop their idea. 其他三项均不能与as构成搭配。 79. [D] for…purpose为固定搭配，意为“为了„目 的”。[A]调查的结果不能与for构成搭配;[B](提 议)和[C](勘察)均不符合句意。 80. [B] 计划，设定，所填词在句中作谓语与the clock构成动宾搭配。program有“调好(机器等使 之按某种方式运作)”的意思，所以选[B]。[D]计划， 为强干扰项，但是plan指为达到目标而计划或安 排。 81. [C] 根据分析可知，所填词在句中作代词，指 代前面的the latest time，并与介词at连用，[A]为 指代地点的代词;而指示代词this和that都不能与 介词连用，所以选[C]。 82. [A] 然后，于是，由位于句首用来承上启下的 连词and和其后的副词duly可以推断所填词应为表 示顺承关系的副词，所以选[C]。 83. [C] 观念，思想，所填词是针对上述内容的概 括。前面说明了SleepSmart的设计原理和作用，因 此所填词应表示理念或想法的含义，所以选[C]。其 他三项均不能与invented构成合理搭配。 84. [B] 在„以后，空格前讲一群学生首创了这一 概念，而后面讲一个朋友抱怨醒来时感到疲惫并且 在考试中表现很差。因此所填词应为表示动作先后 的连词。[A](曾经，一旦)和[D](当„时候，然 而)都不能使语义连贯。[C]由于，既然为强干扰 项。但since常常用在书面语中，表示多为对方已 知的、或稍加分析便可得知的原因，并常用于句首。 85. [D] 作为，该句的意思是我们自己作为失眠的 人，开始思考该做些什么来消除失眠。根据句中的 ourselves和下句的we可以推断所以选[D]。 86. [A] 什么，通过分析可知动名词thinking of作句 子的宾语，且空格后的不定式是作所填词的定语， 因此推断所填词应为代词，所以排除[B]和[D];[C] 表示两者中的任何一个，但句中没有从两者中选择 的意思。 Part VI Translation 87.Having spent some time (in)finding the way to the 87.【解析】本题考查对句型have (no)trouble (in) doing in the city, he had no history museum sth.的掌握。trouble在这里作名词讲，其后要求接动名 trouble 词作宾语，所以动词find要用-ing形式，而表达“到„ . (找到去历史的路”应该用固定搭配the way to…。句中的现在分词 博物馆的路) 短语Having spent some time in the city作状语，表示其 动作发生在谓语动词之前。 88. In order to finance my 88.【解析】本题考查对不定式作目的状语的掌握。不(为了挣钱供我上学)，education 定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表 Mother often takes on 示某一动作或状态的目的。in order to 或 so as to可以more work than is good 使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义，但so as to一般for her. 不用在句首。表示“挣钱”还可以用raise money或 support。 89. The professor required we (should) hand in our 89.【解析】本题考查的是表示建议的句型require that sb. that (我 research report (should) do sth.的掌握。本句中的required that是该句型 们交研究报告) by 的变体，所以宾语从句的谓语动词应该用原形。表达“递 Wednesday. 交，提交”时，应该用短语hand in。 90. The more you explain, the more confused I am 90.【解析】本题考查对句型the more…, the more的掌 (我愈糊涂). 握，表示“越„，越„”。第二个more作的是副词，意 为“更”，后跟形容词的比较级。结构“the+形容词比 较级，s+v，the，形容词比较级，s+v”，比较级后主谓 结构一般不倒装，且当谓语是be动词时，而且主语非 代词时，be动词可以省略其后的句子语序不发生变化。 91.Though a skilled he was fired by the 91.【解析】本题考查对让步状语从句的掌握。当让步 worker, company 状语从句由连词although或though引导时，意为“虽 (他被公司解雇了)last 然，尽管”，主句不能用but。由“他被公司解雇”可知， week because of the 主句应该用被动式，又根据last week可以判断句子的 economic crisis. 时态应该用一般过去时。表示“解雇”还可以用discharge 和dismiss。