1、关于电视导播的概念

1、关于电视导播的概念 The first chapter on the concept of television navigation Perhaps the usual television audience is no stranger to the name "seeding"; For students who are majoring in TV, there are some perceptual knowledge and knowledge about their work. But what exactly is "guided"? I think, at the beginning of the stepped in this course, we first have to clarify the concept of a director, is likely to further explore some issues about television director, such as: a director do? What is special about his job? How does he do his work? How do you do a good guide? We have to define it in two different ways. The first section is the name of a factory and a job In this section, we begin by understanding the concept of "seeding" from a job and a position. Specifically, the TV guide is the name of a factory and post in the production of multi-channel television. It's like when we talk about directors, photography, lighting, makeup, production, and so on, all of these things are names of jobs. Well, the same is true for the seeding, it's a job. However, there must be a strict qualification for this job. That is, what kind of job is it? Is there a guide for all TV shows? Like newsreel and feature film, we usually go through the process of pre-shooting and editing. When we are taken in the early, often in a filming the scene using a video camera to obtain footage, or use a few cameras in a scene Different angles are taken, or several cameras are filmed at different scenes. We call this the Electronic News Gathering, or Electronic News Gathering. Through the ENG method, the material is edited by an electronic editing system or a non-linear editing system. In the form of such a TV program, there are editors, photography, editors and so on, but not the need for a post. So, what is the way to make this job? In our concept there is a clear reference to "multi-channel programming". In other words, only the production of the multichannel program will be able to guide the plant and the position. One, what is multi-channel programming We tend to confuse "multi-channel programming" with "multi-camera". In fact, there is a fundamental difference between the two forms of production. multishot In a scene, if more than one camera filmed at the same time, respectively to obtain materials are being used for the last stage of editing, we say it is more than a machine the photography, the editing mode of production. Expensive and difficult situations such as floods, explosions, and war scenes in a movie and television series tend to take multiple shots. The camera (camera), which is set up in advance, varies according to different angles, and focuses on different points of view. In this way, we can obtain more material, facilitate later editing, and greatly reduce human resources. Multichannel production "Multimessage" is actually a source channel for multiple video signals. This channel can be very understanding of image between the various camera we see at the studio and a director of switched systems connected multicore cables, just behind the camera long "tail", this is a video signal channel. It was because of the connection of the multi-core cable that we were able to instantly see the pictures of the various cameras in the show. But this is a very narrow understanding, because the images taken by multiple video cameras on the site are just one aspect of the video source. Video signals are often include making good spot piece, computer play in advance of all kinds of video data, from the network real time video, and via satellite and microwave communication technology of remote video images transmitted signals. In this way, it is the source of the multichannel. ENG, for example, single photographers at the scene of the distance, the microwave signal can send technology will eat directly sent back to the television, through television microwave room to receive, then sent to the director of switched systems, become one of the several signal source. If there are multiple ENG standalone collected at the scene of the different signals and all through the back door of microwave transmission, a director of indirect received will have multiple E way, combined with the studio several cameras - that there could be several spots for VTR + - way and so on. Therefore, the sources of the images in this multi-channel sequence may be diverse. The difference between "multi-channel production" and "multishot" is not just the complexity of the source. The core of the multimessage approach is that it must have a switching system. These signals are selected by the video switcher (switchboard) to be selected and sent out for broadcast or recorded. The seeding post assumes the schedule of the multi-channel picture, so the seeding is in this particular programming mode. The gathering, by contrast, the process of selecting the output again is "shot" not making way, therefore, show more mechanism as natural and they don't need a director positions. The type of the method of multi-channel programming More fast way of making way including: ESP (Electronic Studio Production, the "digital Studio Production"), EFP (Electronic Field Production, the "Electronic Field Production"), and compound the ESP/EFP/ENG various forms of integrated Production way. Electronic Studio Production is a form of Electronic Studio Production ESP is the usual recording method in a television studio. First of all, there is a sense that there is a studio, and there are several cameras in the studio. On the side of the studio or in the upper room, there are surveillance systems, switching systems and recording systems. The signal of multiple cameras in the studio must be connected to the switching system between the seeding system through the multi-core cable. Like you are very familiar with the annual CCTV Spring Festival evening party is mostly in the central television 1 in1999 and connected between a director, ESP production way to live. (Electronic Field Production, the Electronic Field Production) EFP is a general term for a whole set of TV equipment that can be used for immediate production outside the television station. It includes more than two cameras, a complete video switching system, a full audio operating system, and other related ancillary equipment. It can live or record live or live on the scene of an event or show. For example we are in the school playground to record an anniversary party, or we're going to broadcast an important meeting at the great hall of the people, this time the way we make must be EFP produced in this way. In other words, to be made in the field, you need to connect a system to this site. It includes two scenarios: one is the ability to drive a broadcast vehicle with a fixed message capacity to the production site for the recording. The other is to transport the relevant machine equipment to the scene with the equipment car, connect the video and audio system to the scene, and create a temporary recording workshop. The multi-channel capacity of each vehicle is designed to be finished when the car is manufactured. There are four channel bus, six channel bus, eight message bus, 12 channel bus and so on. In addition, a sister car can be used to complete the expansion of the payload. Is to have two armoured vans, a car, a car, the car homework at the same time, the deputy car signal emission to the car, in order to get more video source at the same time. Different stations often choose different configurations of the broadcast car based on their own needs and economic security. As you can see, the technological principle of the electronic field production and studio production is the same, only one is suitable for outside work is suitable for working within the machine. Composite ESP/EFP/ENG various forms of synthesis With the increase of the level of programming and production technology, we have more possibilities in today's TV shows. In the way that multimessage programming is made, the means are often not the single way of ESP or EFP. October 1, 1999, for example, CCTV "to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the founding of the People's Republic of China fireworks gala" live adopted the comprehensive production of compound ESP/EFP/ENG. First of all, in different areas of the tiananmen gala site has five sets of EFP system to broadcast of the party, they respectively located in the center of the tiananmen gate, jinshui bridge of college students play area, square area, the peasants in front of the working people's cultural palace gala area, zhongshan park in front of the workers party area, a director at any time will be cut out of each point on signal and all the way through the microwave real-time transmit television director room; In addition, with four sets of microwave emission ENG respectively set up on the roof at the grand hotel, revolutionary history museum, the great hall of the people on the roof the roof, qianmen fireworks release area, the signal can be transmitted directly to the television director room; Within 1000 square metres of television studio director of general director in addition to see the nine road signal, and all the way erection between cameras filming a director at any time between a director working site and here always host signal, two way VTR + provide respectively the fireworks materials and ten local television program for entry, total director finally to cut this 12 road signal is selected. In this way, through the combination of ESP/EFP/ENG and the two-stage switching method, 10 relay stations and 39 cameras have been broadcast live on the major national celebration. Multichannel programming is now increasingly being broadcast on our TV shows. Especially in big events, ceremony, celebration programs broadcast, more signs of this integrated production way can maximize the help broadcast complete reduction of events or to show the external form of rich. 【 summary 】 Dispatch way can be built more ESP or EFP way, also can be the ESP, EFP, ENG that the combination of any two in three ways, can also is a compound ESP/EFP/ENG various kinds of comprehensive production way. But either way, there will always be one or more of them, as long as there is a multichannel approach. In turn, there is no need for this type of work or position in a program that is not part of the multichannel production system.