大学英语四级阅读模拟题1

大学英语四级阅读模拟题1 第三节 强化训练 强化训练一 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. How to Get a Great Idea The guests had arrived, and the wine was warm. Once again, I'd forgotten to refrigerate it. "Don't worry," a friend said, "I can chill it for you fight away." Five minutes later she emerged from the kitchen with the wine perfectly cooled. Asked to reveal her secret, she said, "Easy. I poured the wine in a plastic bag and then dipped it in ice water. After a few minutes the wine was cold. The hard part was getting it back into bottle. I couldn't find a funnel (漏斗), so I made a cone with wax paper." My guests applauded. "How wonderful if we could all be that clever," one remarked. A decade of research has convinced me we can. What separates the average person from Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them. Most of us seldom achieve our creative potential. I think I know why, and I can help unlock the reservoir of ideas hiding within every one of us. One puzzle I've watched students deal with is retrieving a Ping-Pong ball that has fallen to the bottom of a sealed, vertical drainpipe. The tools that they can use are either too short to reach the ball or too wide to fit into the pipe, which is also too narrow to reach into by hand. At last some students make the connection: drainpipe= water=floating. They pour water down the hole, and the ball floats to the top. This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us. Here are the best techniques. Capture the fleeting. A good idea is like a rabbit. It runs by so fast that sometimes you see only its ears or tail. To capture it, you must be ready. Creative people are always ready to act, and that may ha the only difference between us and them. Poet Amy Lowell wrote of the urgency with which she captured new ideas, "Whatever 1 am doing, I lay it aside and attend to the arriving poem," she wrote. Like many other writers, Lowell sought paper and pencil when she saw a good idea coming. I enter new ideas into a pocket computer. Anything--even a napkin--win do. In a letter to a friend in 1821, Ludwig van Beethoven talked about how he thought of a beautiful tune while dozing in carriage. "But scarcely did I awake when away flew the tune," he wrote, "and I could not recall any part of it.' Fortunately--for Beethoven and for us--the next day in the same carriage, the tune came back to him, and this time he captured it in writing. When a good idea comes your way, write it down--on your arm if necessary. Not every idea will have value, of course. The point is to capture first and evaluate them later. Daydream. Surrealist Dali used to lie on a sofa, holding a spoon. Just as he began to fall asleep. Dali would drop the spoon onto a plate on the floor. The sound shocked him awake, and he would immediately sketch the images he had seen in his mind in that fertile world of semi-sleep. Everyone experiences this strange state, and everyone can take advantage of it. Try Dali's trick, or just allow yourself to daydream. For many, the "three b's"--bed, bath and bus--are productive. There, and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed, you'll find that ideas emerging freely. Seek challenges. When you're stuck behind a locked door, every behavior that's ever gotten you free turns up quickly: you may push or pull on the knob, bang the door--even shout for help. Scientists call the rehappening of old behaviors in a challenging situation resurgence. The more behaviors that reappear, the greater the number of possible interconnections, and the more likely that new ideas will occur. Try inviting friends and business associations from different areas of your life to a party. Bring people of two or three generations together. This will get you thinking in new ways. Edwin Land, one of America's most prolific inventors, said that the idea that led to his invention of the Polaroid camera came from his three-year-old daughter. On a visit to Santa Fe in 1943, she asked why she couldn't see the picture he had just taken. During the next hour, as Land walked around Santa Fe, all he had learned about chemistry came together, with amazing results. Said Land, "The camera and the film became clear to me. In my mind they were so real that I spent several hours describing them." Put new and crazy items--like kid's toys--on your desk. Turn pictures upside down or sideways. The more detersive the stimulations we receive, the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas. Expand your world. Many discoveries in sciences, engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields. Consider "The Two-String Problem". Two widely separated strings hang from a ceiling. Even though you can't reach both at once, is it possible to tie their ends together, using only a pair of pliers? One college student found the solution almost immediately. He tied the pliers to one string and set it in motion like a pendulum (钟摆). As it swung back and forth, he walked quickly to the other string and drew it as far forward as it would reach. Then he caught the swinging string when it passed near him and tied the two ends. Asked how he had solved the problem, the student explained he had just come from a physics class on pendulum motion. What he had learned in one context transferred to a completely different one. This principle works outside the lab as well. To enhance your creativity, learn something new. If you're a banker, take up tap dancing. If you're a nurse, try a course in mythology. Read a book on a subject you know little about. Change your daily newspaper. The new will interconnect with the old in novel and potentially fascinating ways. Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you. 1. The author believes that those who have creative capacity are usually great figures. 2. The example of the students getting the Ping-Pong ball proves that students are more creative than average people. 3. The examples of Amy Lowell and Beethoven tell us that we should write down a good idea immediately as it may easily disappear. 4. Daydreaming can be a good way of realizing one's creative potential. 5. People facing challenges are unlikely to achieve creative ideas. 6. Salvador Dali is a famous surrealist painter, whose works are highly controversial from the modernism or even post-modernism perspective. 7. To enhance creativity, people should always learn something new. 8. The success of Edison, Picasso or even Shakespeare lies on their ability to rather than mere creative capacity. 9. The author believes that many discoveries in science, engineering and the arts mix ideas from ______. 10. Learn to be more creative is just a matter of focusing on the endless flow of ideas you produce, and learning to ______ the new that's within you. 试题 中考模拟试题doc幼小衔接 数学试题 下载云南高中历年会考数学试题下载N4真题下载党史题库下载 详解 1(N 由题干中的关键词creative capacity定位到文章第四段第二句:What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，作者认为普通人也有创造力，与题目意思不同。 由此得出题目说法错误。 2(N 由题干中的关键词Ping-Pong ball定位到文章第五段，再根据第六段首句 This and many other experiments suggest concrete ways of increasing creativity in all of us可知，作者认为人们同样有创造力，与题 目意思不同，由此得出题目说法错误。 3(Y由题于中的关键词Amy Lowell和Beethoven定位到第一个小标题的末段: When s good idea comes your way，write it down--on your arm if necessary( Not every idea will have value，of course(The point is to capture first and evaluate them later。题目是原文 的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 4(Y 由题干中的关键词daydreaming定位到第二个小标题第二段首尾两句: Everyone experiences this strange state，and everyone can take advantage of it((( There，and anywhere else you can be with your thoughts undisturbed，you'll find that ideas emerging freely， 题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 5(N 由题于中的关键词people facing challenges定位到第三个小标题末段末句: The more detersive the stimulations we receive，the more rapidly the mind produces new ideas，题目认为面 对挑战的人不可能产生创造性的想法，与原文不同，由此得出题目说法错误。 6(NG 由题干中的关键词Dali定位到第二个小标题首段，但题目巾的内容在文章中并未提及。 7(Y 由题干中的关键词enhance their creativity定位到文章末段第二句:To enhance your creativity, learn something new，与题目意思相同，由此得出题目说法正确。 8(encourage creative impulses and then (to) act upon them 由题干中的关键词Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare定位到文章第四段第二句:What separates the average person from Edison，Picasso or even Shakespeare isn't creative capacity--it's the ability to use that capacity by encouraging creative impulses and then acting upon them，由此得出 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 。 9(different fields 由题干中的关键词discoveries in science，engineering and the arts定位到第四个小标题下面首段首句: Many discoveries in sciences，engineering and the arts mix ideas from different fields，由此得出答案。 10(capture and act upon 由题干中的关键词be more creative定位到文章尾句:Becoming more creative is really just a matter of paying attention to that endless flow of ideas you produce，and learning to capture and act upon the new that's within you，由此得出答案。 强化训练二 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7. mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. A Cooler Planet Scientists are cooking up solutions based on current technology that they say they could dramatically turn down the heat of global warming over the next 50 years. Innovations such as cheaper wind power, gas-electric hybrid and gas cards that generate funds for climate-change projects already are available. Introducing them across the nation could put a dent in the growth of greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, scientists say. The concentration of carbon dioxide--a potent greenhouse gas--is likely to double before the end of the century, the United States says. Scientists say further warming is inevitable as greenhouse gas emissions climb but that the worse effects can still be avoided. "The question now is not 'whether to adapt?' but 'how to adapt?'" says a 2004 U.N. report on climate change. The solutions, says experts, must come from action by politicians, business people, scientists and individuals. Over the next century, power could be derived from sources that release less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere such as nuclear fusion, hydrogen fuel cells and more efficient combustion engines(内燃机). Scientists: Technology already exists Technology is a crucial component to meeting the challenge of global warming, say climate researchers and policy experts. "You need technology;" says Elliot Diringer, international strategies director with the Pew Center on Global Climate Change. "There's no question about that. The question is, 'What is the most efficient way to not only generate the technology but get it deployed.'" The intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, a U.N. body issuing regular assessments on the climate, says innovation has advanced faster than expected. It estimates technological improvements could reduce greenhouse gas emissions below 2,000 levels within 20 years and avert even more risky levels of such concentrations. The IPCC has estimated that technological improvements could sometime between 2010 and 2020 reduce greenhouse gas emissions to levels below those in the year 2000. "We need to move as fast as we can," Diringer says. "The longer we wait to take concerted action, the greater the impact will be... the more it will cost to achieve the reduction." Technology with the greatest potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions already exists, says Princeton University scientists Stephen Pacala and Robert Socolow in a 2004 study published in the journal Science. Improving efficiency and conservations could reduce billions of tons in atmospheric emissions of greenhouse gases each year. Improvements such as efficient engineering, better gas mileage(英里里程) and new fuel sources for vehicle and power plants have the potential to halt growth of emissions by around 2050, according to the study. "It is important not to become diverted by the possibility of revolutionary technology," the Princeton authors write in Science. "Humanity can solve the carbon and climate problem in the first half of this century simply by increasing we already know how to do." The scientists picked seven actions that they say could make the climate stable by 2054. They focused on technology already in place that simply needs to be expanded-- a lot. Cars are an easy target. Each gallon (加仑) of gas burned gives off about 20 pounds of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. That's a lot of carbon for the 2 billion cars that may be on the road in 2054, nearly four times the number today, the authors report. The Science article suggests that doubling the average fuel efficiency of cars from 30 miles per gallon today to 60, switching to wind-generated hydrogen fuels or halving the annual number of miles traveled per car to 5,000 could reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The savings would provide one-seventh of the total cuts needed to make U.S. emissions stable, the article states. In addition, scientists are watching plenty of other technologies being developed to make emissions stable. Carbon storage Burying carbon dioxide allows fossil fuel companies to continue pumping oil while reducing greenhouse emissions. The United Nations estimates by 2050 it should be possible to store half of the increasing global emissions in underground reservoirs (水库) at reasonable prices. The U.S. government already has started a test project at a West Virginia coal power plant. The energy company BP sends 1 million tons of carbon dioxide each year beneath the sands of Sahara desert at one of its facilities in Algeria. These carbon-reducing projects send millions of tons of carbon dioxide gas into underground geologic formations such as gas beds now filled with water, natural gas or oil. The risks of such techniques include leakage of carbon dioxide from underground reservoirs that may endanger human life and environment. Scientists are studying techniques to find which rock formations permanently store gases such as carbon dioxide. Renewable energy Renewable power is a major facet of reducing global warming emissions, according to the United Nations. Because most renewable energy sources--wind, ocean tides, solar, biomass fuel--emit less carbon dioxide into the atmosphere than they absorb, they do not add to climate change. The share of renewable in the world energy supply accounts for at least 14 percent of the total, the United Nations estimates. The price of these renewable fuels and technology is plummeting as demand grows and hardware improves. "Green" tariffs, already introduced in some European countries, guarantee premium prices for energy derived from renewable sources. States such as New York and California also require utilities to generate a fraction of their energy supply from renewable. Trading carbon Carbon emissions trading is designed to make global warming prevention affordable, according to the U.N. Convention on Climate Change. Under the Kyoto Agreement, participating countries agree to emit a certain amount of carbon. If a country cannot afford to meet its carbon emissions limit, it can buy "credits" from a country that has produced less than its allotted amount. Although critics say there are significant problems under the Kyoto system, the United Nations says emissions trading allows countries gradually to eliminate carbon dioxide while preventing some economic hardships of reducing emissions growth. Corporate action Companies also an: devising ways for business and individuals to offset greenhouse emissions. Oregon-based Climate Neutral Network says it soon will offer air travelers access to "Cool Class" air travel in which a portion of airline fares, negotiated through contracts with different companies, are invested in ways to reduce greenhouse emissions. 1. Scientists have found various kinds of methods to solve the problem of global warming. 2. We are not able to prevent the bad effects of the global warming. 3. Politicians, business people as well as scientists and individuals should join together to seek solutions to climate change. 4. It is still in question how to make use of the already existed technology efficiently. 5. The cost to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions is in proportion to the time spent before we take an action. 6. The Environmental Protection Agency states that the number of cars on the road in 2054 is likely to rise three times compared with today's number. 7. The U.S. government has already started a plant in Algeria dealing with the burying of carbon dioxide under the Sahara desert. 8. __________ and _____________ are in potential danger due to the possible risks in the burying of carbon dioxide. 9. According to the United Nations about ________________ of the total world energy supply goes to the renewable energy. 10. Carbon emissions trading can reduce the cost of ____________. 试题详解 1(Y 题干中的关键词solve the problem of global warming(解决全球变暖问题)，是对全文五个方面的归纳 概括，所以题目说法正确。 2(N 由题干中的关键词bad effect定位到文章第三段末句:Scientists say further warming is inevitable as greenhouse gas emissions climb but that the worse effects can still be avoided。原文意为:“科学家们认为由于 温室气体排放量增加，全球进一步变暖不可避免，但可以避免更坏的影响”。这与题干中“我们不可能避 免全球变暖的负面影响”不符(由此得出题目说法错误， 3(Y 由题干中的关键词solutions定位到文章第五段首句:The solutions，says experts，must come from action by politicians，business people，scientists and individuals，题目是原文的同义替换，题目说法正确。 4(Y 由题干中的关键词make use of the technology(利用技术)定位到小标题Scientists:Technology already exists下的第二段末句:The question is，'What is the most efficient way to not only generate the technology but get it deployed，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 5(Y 由题干中的关键词cost(花费)和time(时间)定位到小标题Scientists:Techno- logy already exists下的 第五段:The longer we wait to take conceded action，the greater the impact will be„the more it will cost to achieve the reduction，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 6(N 由题干中的关键词2054定位到小标题Scientists:Technology already exists下的倒数第三段末句: That's a lot of carbon for the 2 billion cars that may be on the road in 2054，nearly four times the number today， the authors report。题目中的“三倍”与原文的“四倍”不符，由此得出题目说法错误。 7(NG 由题干中的关键词U.S，government，Algeria，Sahara desert定位到小标题 Carbon storage下的内 容，原文中并未提及在阿尔及利亚开设工厂。 8(Human life，the environment 由题干中的关键词potential danger，burying of carbon dioxide定位到小标题 Carbon storage下面的末段 首句:The risks of such techniques include leakage of carbon dioxide from underground reservoirs that may endanger human life and environment，由此得出答案。 9( 14 percent 由题干中的关键词die United Nations，renewable energy定位到小标题 Renewable energy下面第二段末 句:The share of renewable in the world energy supply accounts for at least 14 percent of the total，the United Nations estimates，由此得出答案。 10(global warming prevention 由题干中的关键词carbon emissions trading定位到小标题Trading carbon下的首段:Carbon emissions trading is designed to make global warming prevention affordable, according to the UN(Convention on Climate Change，由此得出答案。 强化训练三 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Types of Climate Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind, and sunshine at a place over a period of many years. Weather is made up of atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days. The weather may be rainy on a certain day. But that place may usually have a warm, dry, sunny climate. We learn about the climate of a place by studying its temperature, moisture, wind, and sunshine from season to season and year to year. Temperature and the amount of rainfall are the two most important elements of climate. Others are humidity (air moisture), cloudiness, fog, sunshine, wind, storms, and air pressure. There are many different types of climate on earth. Climates of the world can be classified according to their latitudes and the plants that grow there. Different kinds of plants need different amounts of heat and moisture for growth. The vegetation of a region tells us about temperature and rainfall conditions over a long period of time. Tropical Climates Tropical climates are found in regions between 35N and 35S latitude. In the tropical rain forest (nearest the equator) conditions are warm and rainy all year long, and there is a thick cover of trees. Places farther north and south of the equator have a tropical wet-and-dry climate. There the forests are not so dense, and many trees lose their leaves in the dry season. Along 23.5N and 23.5S latitude there are vast regions of tropical desert climate, where very little vegetation can grow. Subtropical Climates Subtropical climates are usually found between 30 and 40 North and South latitudes. The subtropical western coasts of the continents have a Mediterranean climate. Summers are hot and dry; winters are mild and wet. On the subtropical eastern coasts of continents the climate is humid subtropical. Summers are hot, and winters are mild. There is enough rainfall in all seasons for forests. Mid-latitude Climate Mid-latitude climates occur between 40 and 60 NS latitudes. Strong westerly winds blow in the mid-latitudes. The climate of the west coast of North America is mild and rainy most of the year. It helps the growth of fine timber forests. Some places in the mid-latitudes do not receive moisture because of mountain barriers or their great distances from the oceans. Humid continental climates cover large mid-latitude area in eastern parts of the continents. They are forest climates with cold winters and warm summers. Most of the rainfall comes in the summer. High-latitude Climates High-latitude climates occur from 60 to the poles, North and South. In the high latitudes it is very cold in winter and cool in summer. The short summers are warm enough for forests of evergreen trees. Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate, where great ice caps exist because of year-round freezing. High-altitude Climates Highland climates are cooler than the surrounding lowlands because of the effects of altitude. Highland climates are found on the high mountains of the world, even on the equator. In the tropics and mid-latitudes different kinds of vegetation grow in zones up the slopes of mountains to the permanent snowfields. The Causes of Different Climates The differences in the climate from place to place are caused by climate controls. The major climate controls are latitude, altitude, land and water bodies, ocean currents, and storm centers. Latitudes make climates colder toward the north and south poles (high latitudes) than at the tropics near the equator (low altitudes). Low-latitude regions remain warm throughout the year. At higher latitudes there are greater differences between winter and summer temperatures. Altitude affects climate by lowering temperatures as the height above sea level increases. At high altitudes the air is less dense and does not absorb and hold as much heat. On the average, the temperature drops about 2 degrees Celsius for each 300 meters of altitude (about 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit for each 1,000 feet). Thus snow can remain on mountainlike Fujiyama when nearby lowlands are warm. Land and water bodies influence climate. Land warms up rapidly in summer and cools off rapidly in winter. But large bodies of water change temperature slowly, with the seasons. Mid-continental places in middle and high latitudes have a continental climate. Summers are warm and winter cold. Island and seacoasts usually have milder winters and cooler summers because of the water surfaces nearby. Ocean currents affect climate in many parts of the world. Some currents carry warm water to cool regions; others carry cool water to warm regions. The Labrador Current is cold. The Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current. It carries warm water from the tropical Atlantic toward the coasts of northwestern Europe. As a result, winters in the British Isles and in Westam Europe are warmer than other regions in the same latitudes. Winds carry heat and moisture and therefore affect climate. Winds that come from lands in high latitudes are cold and dry. Some winds change direction with the seasons. In southern Asia winds called monsoons are dry and cool in the winter, when they blow from the land. In the summer they blow from the ocean and produce heavy rainfall. Climate and the Water Cycle Water enters the atmosphere by evaporation from land and water surfaces. Winds carry water vapor and clouds to other areas. There the moisture is returned to the earth in the form of rain or snow. Much of the water falls on land and runs off to the sea in rivers. But some moisture enters soil. It helps growing plants or builds up the groundwater supply. The constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back again is called the water cycle. The amount of water available for farming, industry, and many other uses differs from one climate to another. People try to overcome these differences by using water resources wisely. The water cycle can be controlled in part for a short time by storing water in reservoirs, irrigating land, draining wetlands, or pumping water from wells. Climate and People Climate influences people's comfort, well-being, and activities in many ways. Most people do not work as well in a hot, moist climate as in a cooler, drier climate. Extremely high or low temperatures are uncomfortable. Certain diseases are more common in some climates than in others. It is difficult to determine what is the best or ideal climate for human beings. People differ in their reactions to climate because of their individual characteristics and attitudes. The amount and kind of clothing people wear is determined partly by climate. Clothing for cold climates gives protection against wind and cold. Less clothing is needed in warm climates. There are many types of special clothing for wind, cold, sun, rain, and snow. People build houses mainly for shelter from the climatic elements. Carefully planned houses take advantage of sunlight, wind direction, and other factors to obtain a maximum of comfort as well as protection. The amount of heating or air-conditioning needed in a building depends upon the construction of the building as well as the outside climate. Many modem inventions have made it possible for people to live comfortably in any kind of climate. Climate affects the food supply by setting limits for profitable production of crops and animals. Climate influences cattle raising and forestry because it determines where grasslands and forests will grow. Winds, clouds, and storms have to be considered in travel by land, sea, or air and even in the launching of satellite. Most industries take special attention to protect their products against weather and climate during manufacture, storage, and shipment. 1. Climate is the combination of temperature, moisture, wind and sunshine at a place over a certain period of a year. 2. Weather refers to atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days. 3. There are dense forests all over the tropical regions. 4. Mediterranean climate is characterized by its hot summers and mild winters. 5. Highland climates could be found all over the world except on the equator. 6. Nowadays people are working on designs of new buildings that are climate- friendly. 7. The water cycle refers to the constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back again. 8. Besides temperature and the amount of rainfall, elements such as and air pressure are also very important in the making of climate. 9. Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate, where exist because of year-round freezing. 10. Through ___________ for profitable production of crops and animals, climate can also affect the food supply. 试题详解 1(N 由题干中的关键词climate定位到文章首段首句:Climate is the combination of temperature，moisture， wind，and sunshine at a place over a period of many years(题目中的a year与原文的many years不符，由此 得出题目说法错误。 2(Y 由题于中的关键词weather定位到文章首段第二句:Weather is made up of atmospheric conditions during a few hours or days，题目用refer to同义替换了原文中的is made up of，由此得出题目说法正确。 3(N 由题干中的关键词tropical定位到小标题Tropical Climates下面第四句:There the forests are not so dense，and many trees lose their leaves in the dry season，题目与此相反，由此得出题目说法错误。 4(Y 由题干中的关键词Mediterranean定位到小标题Subtropical Climates下面第二、三句:The subtropical western coasts of the continents have a Mediterranean climate，Summers are hot and dry;winters are mild and wet，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 5(N 由题干中的关键词highland climates定位到小标题High-altitude Climates下面第二句:Highland climates are found on the high mountains of the world， even on the equator，题目认为赤道上没有高原气候， 与原文相反，由此得出题目说法错误。 6(NG 题干中的关键词new buildings，climate-friendly在文章中无法定位，题目说法在原文中未提及。 7(Y 由题干中的关键词water cycle定位到小标题Climate and the Water Cycle下面的第七句:The constant movement of water from land to sea to air and back again is called the water cycle，题目是原文的同义替换，由 此得出题目说法正确。 8(humidity, cloudiness，fog，sunshine，wind，storms 由题干中的关键词temperature，rainfall，making of climate定位到文章第二段: Temperature and the amount of rainfall are the two most important elements of climate(Others are humidity (air moisture)，cloudiness， fog，sunshine，wind， storms，and air pressure，由此得出答案。 9(great ice caps 由题干中的关键词Greenland and Antarctica定位到小标题High-latitude Climates下面的末句:Greenland and Antarctica have a polar climate，where great ice caps exist because of year-round freezing，由此得出答案。 10(setting limits 由题干中的关键词food supply定位到文章末段首句:Climate affects the food supply by setting limits for profitable production of crops and animals，由此得出答案。 强化训练四 Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, mark Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. The Interaction of Body and Mind The concept of psychosomatic illness Psycho, refers to mind, and soma, to body. Psychosomatic illness is the occurrence of bodily symptoms(症状) which are psychological or emotional in origin. Mind and body are not separate; one affects and is affected by the other. Who has not experienced some physical manifestation of emotional stress? Such experiences as a headache after a quarrel and urinary frequency or diarrhea before an examination are not uncommon, and for most people they are of a temporary nature. The symptoms disappear and are forgotten after the crisis has passed. No treatment may be needed, or the patient may use simple remedies to relieve the discomfort. One person may find that a leisurely walk is the best cure for a headache; another may take aspirin. Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness: pepticulcer, eczema, colitis, and asthma. Personality profiles have been developed to describe the typical characteristics of persons who develop such illness. Another point of view is that human beings are more complex and varied in their responses than such profiles would indicate, and that the type of illness a patient develops in relation to stress varies with many additional factors, such as heredity and environment. Much remains to be learned about the relationship between stress and physical illness. Physical symptoms, such as palpitation, sweating, or disturbance of sleep, which reflect anxiety, may occur over a prolonged period. The symptoms may seem mysterious and threatening, because the patient is unaware of their cause. The patient whose heart beats more rapidly and forcefully as a manifestation of anxiety may report this symptom to his doctor, believing that something is wrong with his heart. Often the patient is not aware that he is anxious. He knows only that his heart keeps pounding for no apparent reason. Almost any symptom can have its origin in emotional stress. Some patients almost invariably have the same stress when they become anxious. One may have diarrhea, another asthma, and a third may develop hives or eczema. Some people develop two or several different symptoms; often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion. The development of bodily symptoms is only one manifestation of anxiety. It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental, such as the inability to concentrate or to remember. Such symptom too, vary in degree. Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression. When such symptoms are severe or long- lasting, they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others. Sometimes a person subconsciously develops an illness as a way of handling a desperate need, such as the need for affection. The only real cure is to satisfy the primary desire. An example is a woman who has pain in her heart, not because of organic heart disease, but because the symptom is a way of gaining, if only temporarily, the love and attention for which she longs. Her husband cannot leave her when she is so sick; her children are concerned. Her pain is just as severe as if it had a physical cause. The reality of psychosomatic illness Is the patient with psychosomatic illness really sick, or does he merely imagine he is sick? Many people, including the families of patients and members of the health professions, believe that physical illness which is influenced by emotional stress is less real, or wholly imaginary. Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is important; it is the first step in helping him. Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected. The same staff who give excellent care to other patients, not uncommonly ignore them. Some possible reasons may include the use of the term psycho as a prefix. Perhaps this conveys the idea that such patients are mentally iii, and therefore have no physical illness. Perhaps they are considered weaklings. One hears comments like, "He could snap out(克服) of it if he wanted to." Prejudice against these patients may be due to a belief that they are pretending illness in an attempt to get attention or favors. A patient with psychosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer, one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain, such as financial compensation or excuse from work. Pretending illness is considered an unhealthy and unsatisfactory solution to the problems of life. Often it adds to the patient's difficulties, as he makes elaborate attempts to avoid detection. A malingerer can be helped sometimes to find ways of coping with difficulties. The essential difference between psychosomatic illness and malingering is that the malingerer pretends symptoms. It is a conscious process and he is aware that he is pretending to be sick. The patient with psychosomatic illness develops symptoms as manifestation of largely unconscious psychic conflicts. The symptoms are real. Condemnation(责难) of the patient with psychosomatic illness can persist despite intellectual understanding of theories about its cause. The patient can sense immediately whether those who care for him are trying to help him or not. It is important to understand that: ?The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick. He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms. ?The idea that he can "snap out of it" at will is no more true than it is of those with diseases like pneumonia, whose need for care is readily acknowledged. 1. The symptoms of some people with psychosomatic illness are experienced in an alternating fashion. 2. Moodiness and depression are symptoms that don't last long. 3. Psychosomatic sick people will stop cheating when they sense that those who care for them are belittling them. 4. People with psychosomatic illness tend to be given less care than they deserve. 5. Malingerers are those who pretend to be iii for some other purposes. 6. The symptoms of people with psychosomatic illness are primarily mental. 7. Today more and more people are suffering from psychosomatic illness. 8. Such conditions as ___________ have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness. 9. Psychosomatic symptoms may be primarily mental, such as the inability ______. 10. The first and the most important step in helping the psychosomatic patients is to ______. 试题详解 1(Y 由题干中的关键词alternating fashion定位到第一个小标题下面第五段末句: Some people develop two or several different symptoms;often the symptoms are experienced in an alternating fashion，题目是原文的同义 替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 2(N 由题干中的关键词moodiness and depression定位到第一个小标题下面倒数第二段最后两句:Many people occasionally experience symptoms like moodiness or depression(When such symptoms are severe or long-lasting，they interfere with the functioning of individual in daily life and with his relationship with others， 原文指出这些症状可能long-lasting，题目却说don't last long。题目与原文相反，由此得出题目说法错误。 3(N 由题干中的关键词psychosomatic sick people，cheating定位到第二个小标题，根据文章倒数第二句: The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick(He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms，可知心身 病的患者并没有装病，题目中的cheating与原文意思相反，由此得出题日说法错误。 4(Y 由题干中的关键词people with psychosomatic illness定位到第二个小标题下面第二段首句:Patients with psychosomatic illness are likely to be neglected，题目呈原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 5(Y 由题干中的关键词malingerers定位到文章倒数第二段第一句:A patient with pschosomatic illness may be confused with a malingerer，one who deliberately pretends illness in order to achieve secondary gain，such as financial compensation or excuse from work，题目是原文的同义替换，由此得出题目说法正确。 6(N 由题干中的关键词primarily mental定位到文章倒数第二句:The patient with psychosomatic illness is really sick(He is not pretending or imagining his symptoms，题目 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 述与原文正好相反，由此得出题目说法 错误。 7(NG 由题干中的关键词today more and more people在文中无法定位，原文未提及得病人数的变化(由此 得出答案为NG。 8. pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma 由题干中的关键词conditions，have been considered，classic examples of psychosomatic illness定位到第 一个小标题下面第三段首句:Certain conditions have been considered classic examples of psychosomatic illness:pepticulcer, eczema，colitis，and asthma，由此得出答案。 9(to concentrate or to remember 由题干中的关键词symptoms，primarily mental，inabilities定位到第一个小标题下面倒数第二段第二句: It may show up also symptoms that are primarily mental，such as the inability to concentrate or to remember，由 此得出答案。 10(acknowledge the reality or the patients' illness 由题干中的关键词first，most important step，helping定位到第二个小标题下面首段末句:Acknowledging the reality of the patients' illness is imaportant;it is the first step in helping him，由此得出答案。