www.fda.gov/consumer/update/foodsafetytips111307.html
Consumer Health Information
1 / FDA Consume r Hea l t h In fo r ma t ion / U . S . F ood and D r ug Admin i s t r a t ion NOVEMBER 13, 2007
Typical symptoms of foodborne ill-
ness are stomach pain, vomiting, and
diarrhea, which often start a few days
after consuming contaminated food
or drink. The symptoms usually are
not long-lasting in healthy people—a
few hours or a few days—and go away
without treatment. But foodborne
illness can be severe and even life-
threatening to those most at risk:
• older adults
• infants and young children
• pregnant women
• people with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or
any condition that weakens their
immune systems
Combating bacteria, viruses, para-
sites, and other contaminants in our
food supply is a high priority for FDA.
But consumers have a part to play,
too, especially when it comes to food
handling in the home.
“The good news is that practicing
four basic food safety measures can
help prevent foodborne illness,” says
Marjorie Davidson, consumer educa-
tor at FDA.
Food Safety Tips for
Healthy Holidays
1. Clean:
The first rule of safe food preparation!
2. Separate:
Don’t give bacteria the opportunity to spread!
3. Cook:
Kill harmful bacteria!
4. Chill:
Refrigerate foods quickly!
Parties, family dinners, and other gatherings where food is served are all
part of the holiday cheer. But
the merriment can change to
misery if food makes you or
others ill.
1. ClEAN:
The first rule of safe food
preparation in the home is to keep
everything clean.
• Wash hands with warm water
and soap for 20 seconds before
and after handling food. “For
children, this means the time it
takes to sing ‘Happy Birthday’
twice,” says Davidson.
• Wash food-contact surfaces
(cutting boards, dishes, utensils,
countertops) after preparing each
food item and before going on to
the next item.
• Rinse fruits and vegetables
Photo Illusttration: FDA/Michael Ermarth
www.fda.gov/consumer/update/foodsafetytips111307.html
Consumer Health Information
2 / FDA Consume r Hea l t h In fo r ma t ion / U . S . F ood and D r ug Admin i s t r a t ion NOVEMBER 13, 2007
thoroughly under running water
and use a produce brush to
remove surface dirt.
• Do not rinse raw meat and poultry
before cooking. “Washing these
foods makes it more likely for
bacteria to spread to areas around
the sink and countertops,” says
Davidson.
2. SEpARAtE:
Don’t give bacteria the opportunity
to spread from one food to another
(cross-contaminate).
• Keep raw meat, poultry, and
seafood and their juices away
from foods that won’t be cooked
while shopping in the store, and
while preparing and storing at
home.
• Consider using one cutting board
only for foods that will be cooked
(raw meat, poultry, and seafood)
and another one only for ready-to-
eat foods (such as raw fruits and
vegetables).
• Do not put cooked meat on an
unwashed plate that has held raw
meat.
3. COOk:
Food is safely cooked when it
reaches a high enough internal
temperature to kill harmful
bacteria.
• “Color is not a reliable indicator
of doneness,” says Davidson. Use
a food thermometer to make sure
meat, poultry, and fish are cooked
to a safe internal temperature.
To check a turkey for doneness,
insert a food thermometer into
the inner thigh
area near the
breast of the
turkey but not
touching bone.
The turkey is
done when the
temperature reaches
180ºF. If the turkey is stuffed,
the temperature of the stuffing
should be 165ºF. Make sure
oysters in oyster dressing are
thoroughly cooked.
• Bring sauces, soups, and gravies to
a rolling boil when reheating.
• Cook eggs until the yolk and
white are firm. When making your
own eggnog or other recipe call-
ing for raw eggs, use pasteurized
shell eggs, liquid or frozen pas-
teurized egg products, or pow-
dered egg whites.
• Don’t eat uncooked cookie dough,
which may contain raw eggs.
4. CHIll:
Refrigerate foods quickly because
harmful bacteria grow rapidly at
room temperature.
• Refrigerate leftovers and takeout
foods within two hours.
• Set your refrigerator no higher
than 40ºF and the freezer at 0ºF.
Check both periodically with an
appliance thermometer.
• Never defrost food at room
temperature. Food can be
defrosted safely in the refrigerator,
under cold running water, or in
the microwave. Food thawed in
cold water or in the microwave
should be cooked immediately.
• Allow the correct amount of
time to properly thaw food. For
example, a 20-pound turkey
needs two to three days to thaw
completely when thawed in the
refrigerator. If a turkey is not
properly thawed, the outside of
the turkey will be done before the
inside, and the inside will not be
hot enough to destroy disease-
causing bacteria.
• Don’t taste food that looks or
smells questionable. Davidson
says, “A good rule to follow is,
when in doubt, throw it out.”
For More Information
www.foodsafety.gov
www.cfsan.fda.gov
FDA Food Information Line
1-888-SAFEFOOD
(1-888-723-3366)
USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline
1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854)
TTY 1-800-256-7072
If a turkey is not properly thawed, the outside of the turkey
will be done before the inside, and the inside will not be hot
enough to destroy disease-causing bacteria.
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