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nullNew College EnglishNew College EnglishIntegrated CourseBook OneIntroductionIntroductionObjectives: Develop students’ overall skills of listening, speaking, reading, writing and translating, and acquire a scientific study method. Contents: Eight theme-based units of two texts each Students Profile: Freshmen, non-English major in Donghua University. Most of them are at a relatively low level in the English Placement Test and few of them have a good command of English grammar and a large vocabulary. They can hardly write a well-organized composition. They are low proficiency students. Methodology: Autonomous learning on net plus teacher-student interactive teaching model in classroom Length of Schooling: One semester Unit One---Growing up Unit One---Growing up nullText A --- Writing for Myself 1. Objectives 2. Explanation of the Text 3. Group discussion Text B Summer Reading Quiz Text A --- Writing for Myself ObjectivesText A --- Writing for Myself Objectives Students will be able to grasp the main idea (the essence of writing is to write what one enjoys writing) and structure of the text (narration in chronological sequence); appreciate the narrative skills demonstrated in the text (of details, repletion, coherence); master the key language points and grammatical structures in the text conduct a series of reading, listening, speaking and writing activities related to the theme of the unit.Text A --- Writing for Myself Explanation of the TextText A --- Writing for Myself Explanation of the TextCheck the students’ preview of the texts on the net Culture Background Language study I. Words and Expressions II. Structures Check the students’ preview of the texts on the netCheck the students’ preview of the texts on the netnullQuestions and answers on the text A: Explain in your own words what the author means by saying “write for myself”. Write for one’s own joy; write what one enjoys writing about. How many parts can this text be divided into? Three. What are the main ideas of the three parts? L1-15 Baker was bored by everything associated with English courses, including essay writing. L16-39 Baker found himself attracted by one particular topic and wrote about it for his own joy. L40-60 The experience of writing the essay helped him discover his talent for writing and realize what he wished to do in his life. null Dictate the following words and write down their Chinese meanings: associate, assignment, agony, participate, distribute, antique, extraordinary, discipline, contempt violate, essence null Make the sentences with following words and phrases off and on ( on and off), turn in, out of date, what’s more, reputation, tedious, career Make the sentences with following words and phrasesMake the sentences with following words and phrasesnullI’ve been coming here on and off for years. 多年以来，我不时上这儿来一次。 It has been raining off and on all day. 雨断断续续下了一整天. The work you have turned in lately hasn’t been up to the requirements. 你最近交的作业没有达到要求。 You must turn in your research report by the end of this month. 月底前你必须交出研究报告。 Your hat is out of date. 你的帽子早已过时。 nullHe was late for class. What’s more, he forgot to bring his textbook with him. 他上课迟到了。更为甚者，他居然忘了代课本。 What’s more, he adds, there are no signs of a change. 他补充道，更为重要的是，并没有任何变化的迹象。 What a tedious fellow he is. I’ll never see him again. 多么令人讨厌的家伙！我再也不想见他。 The lecture was so tedious that I left before it was over. 讲座是那么冗长乏味，还没结束我就走了。 nullHe acquired a reputation as a very good writer. 她作为一位优秀作家出了名。 The doctor had a reputation for being good with patients. 这位医生对病人好是有名的。 His early writing career was not a success. 他早期的写作生涯不算成功。 It is not easy to choose a life career. 选择终身职业并非易事。 career diplomat 职业外交官 to follow/enter upon a diplomatic career 从事外交生涯 Culture BackgroundCulture BackgroundThe U.S. Grade School System In the United States, education is the responsibility of individual state, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization. kindergarten: under 5 years old elementary/primary school (grades 1-6):6-11 years old junior high/middle school (grades 7-8): 12-13 years old senior high school (grades 9-12): 14-17 years old college, institute, academy, university Language study (Words and Expressions)Language study (Words and Expressions)nullpossibility, associate, take hold, turn out, assign, anticipate, inspire, tackle, distribute, due, face up to, sequence, recall, violate, contempt, avoid, hold back, Essence nullpossibility n. the chance that something might happen or be true 可能（性）；可能发生的事 We must accept the possibility that he might have died. 我们必须接受这种可能性：他也许已经遇难了。 There is now no possibility of success. 现在没有成功的可能了。 There is a strong possibility that we will win the match. 极有可能我们赢这场比赛。 All sorts of possibilities had begun to open up. 各种各样的可 能性开始出现。 possible/impossible a. 可能的/不可能的 nullassociate vt. join or connect together; connect or bring in the mind 使联系起来；使联想 associate… with… The study found that many people associate science with masculinity. 研究发现很多人把科学和男性联系在一起。 She associates happiness with money. 她把幸福和金钱联想到一起。 vi. be often in the company of 交往，结交 I don’t want to associate with them any more ; I don’t like their ideas. 我不想同他们在交往了，我不喜欢他们的思想。 While she was in Paris, she associated with many well-known artists. 在巴黎的时候，她结交了很多著名的艺术家。 null n. partner, company 合伙人，伙伴，同事 I’ve got a new job and a new set of work associates. 我找到了新工作并有了一批新同事。 a business associate 一个生意上的伙伴 a. vice 副的 an associate professor/ editor/director 副教授/主编/主任 associated a. 联合的 Associated Press/Newspaper （美）美联社/联合报 association n. 协会，社团，联盟；联合，交往 NBA (National Basketball Association) (美) 国家篮球协会 FIFA (Federation of International Football Association) 国际足联 AFC (Asian Football Confederation ) 亚足联 nulltake hold 生根；确立 One-child policy has taken hold in China. 独生子女政策在中国已深入人心。 Once the bad habit has taken hold, it is quite difficult to give it up. 一旦坏习惯养成，就很难把它改掉。 turn out 结果是，证明是；制造，生产；关掉，（使）出来，（使）出动 The job turned out to be harder than we had thought. 这工作比我们想象的要些。 The experiment turned out (to be) a success. 实验证明是成功的。 This factory can turn out 100,000 cars a year. 这家工厂一年能生产出100，000辆汽车。 Remember to turn out the lights before you leave. 临走前别忘了关灯。 We won’t turn out in this foggy weather. 我们不原在这浓雾天外出。 The whole family turned out for the match. 全家出动看比赛。 nullassign vt. give out as a share or duty or task, allot 分配，指派，委派 assign sb. sth./assign sth. to sb.把某事（物）分配给某人 She kept calling him up to assign new tasks to him. 她不停给他电话，派给他新的任务。 I was assigned a pleasant, cheery room to work in. 我分配到了一间舒适、明亮的工作室。 The teachers assign students homework every day. 老师每天给学生布置家庭作业。 assign sb. to a place/ a group 把某人委派到某地/某组织 As she was an excellent nurse, she was assigned to America for medical exchange. 由于她是一位出色的护士，她被委派到美国进行医学交流。 The British force was assigned to NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and stationed in Germany. 英国军队被派往北大西洋公约组织，驻扎在德国。 assignment n （分配的）工作，任务，作业 nullanticipate vt. expect (usu. followed by noun, gerund or that-clause) 预期，预料，期望，盼望 I anticipate the great pleasure from my visit to Paris. 我期盼我的巴黎之行将会非常愉快的。 The police didn’t anticipate the trouble at yesterday’s football match. 警察没有料到昨晚足球比赛上出现的骚乱。 They anticipate having several applicants for the job. 他们预计会有好几个人来申请这份工作。 You should have anticipated that this would happen and tried to prevent it. 你本该预料到会发生这种情况并采取预防 措施 《全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观全国民用建筑工程设计技术措施》规划•建筑•景观软件质量保证措施下载工地伤害及预防措施下载关于贯彻落实的具体措施 的。 Note: anticipate 后面还可用所有格加动名词作宾语，但不可跟不定式作其宾语。expect 后面跟名词、不定式或that-clause 作宾语，还可跟复合宾语结构，即expect sb. to do sth.，但一般不跟动名词。如： We anticipate receiving your early reply. We expect to receive your early reply. 我们期盼早日收到你们的来信。 They anticipated his winning the first prize. They expected him to win the first prize. 他们预计他会得一等奖。nullinspire vt. fill sb. with confidence and eagerness, etc. 激励，鼓舞，激起，唤起，启发，引起 Success has been inspiring us to make still greater efforts. 成功不断鼓舞着我们作出更大的努力。 inspire sb. with sth. =inspire sth. in sb. 激起某人的某种情绪 His words didn’t inspire me with confidence.=His words didn’t inspire confidence in me. 他的话没有使我产生信心。 The son’s call inspired the dying mother with a will to live on. 儿子的呼唤激起了奄奄一息的母亲活下去的愿望。 The design of the car has inspired many imitations. 这辆小汽车的设计导致了许多仿制品。 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（事) inspiring a. 鼓舞人心的，激发灵感的 inspired a. 受鼓舞的，受启示的，nulltackle vt. try to deal with 处理，（着手）对付 与…交涉 There are many ways of tackling this problem. 处理这个问题有许多方法。 I don’t think I can tackle this job until next week. 我想要到下星期我才能开始半这件事。 I tackled him about/on his careless work and frequent absence. 对于他工作马虎和经常缺勤的事，我找他他谈话。 distribute vt. share or out (something) to several people, or to spread, scatter or supply (something) over an area 分发分配；散发；发售 The teacher distributed textbooks among the students. 老师把课本发给学生。 The world’s wealth is not fairly distributed between men and women. 世界财富在男女之间分配不公。 These pollutants are widely distributed in the countryside. 这些污染物在农村广为散布。 The company aims to distribute its products throughout the European Union. 公司的目标就是在全欧盟国家 发售它的产品。 distribution n. nulldue a. (1) (sth.) expected to happen, be done, or arrived at a particular time （作表语）到期的，预期的，预定到达的 The committee was due to meet on August 25, 2004. 委员会定于8月25日开会。 The train is due in five minutes. 火车预定在5分钟后到。 Students’s term papers are due early next month. 学生的学期论文下个月初交。 (2) owed as a debt; requiring immediate payment （作表语）应支付的，欠下的，须立即支付的 Have you been paid the money due to you? 你是否已经得到了应得的钱。 My rent falls due on Sunday. 我的租金星期天到期。 。null (3) suitable, right, proper 适当的，正当的，适宜的 After due consideration, he decided to accept the job. 经适当考虑之后，他决定接受这份工作 With all due respect, I think the exam results could be better. 恕我直言，考试的结果应该更好。 (4) due to . sth./sb由于某人/某事 (可用作表语或状语） He almost died due to lack of oxygen. 他差点由于却氧而死。 The company’s losses were largely due to poor management. 公司的损失主要是由于经营不善。 collocation: in due course/time 在适当的时候，最终 There is no doubt that every home will have a computer in due course. 毫无疑问，到时候每个家庭都会有一台电脑。 You request will be dealt with in due course. 你的要求将在适当的时候予以处理。 nullface up to 勇敢地接受或对付 She couldn’t face up to the fact that her son had died. 她无法面对儿子已经去世的事实。 You should have enough courage to face up to various unexpected difficulties and never run away from them. 你应该有足够的勇气，大胆面对各种预想不到的困难，决不回避它们。nullsequence n. connected line of events, ideas, etc. 一连串相关的事物；次序；顺 序 The first chapter described a strange sequence of events which led to his death. 第一章描述了造成他死亡的一连串奇特事件。 The story was written in time sequence. 这个故事以时间顺序来写的。 Collocation: in sequence 按顺序 in time sequence 按时间顺序 in rigid/regular sequence 按一成不变的/固定的顺序 the sequence of events 事件发生的顺序 nullCF: sequence & series sequence 是指“先后衔接的次序”。 这种次序可以是历史性的，即事态发生的先后次序；也可以是逻辑性的，即论点先后的衔接，相当于汉语的“语无伦次”中的“伦次”。 如： It all happened a long time ago and I can’t remember the precise sequence of events. 这都发生在很久以前，我记不清事件的确切顺序了。 Your argument lacks logic sequence. 你的论证缺乏逻辑顺序。 series 是指“系列、组”，可以有先 后衔接的次序，也可以没有，但一系列或一组 的东西一定自成一个完整的单位。如： He wrote a series of articles on this issue. 他就这一问题写了一系列的文章。 The post office has issued a series of stamps commemorating the 27th Olympic Games. 邮政局发行了一组纪念27届奥运会的邮票。 nullrecall vt. bring back to the mind; remember 回忆起， 回想起 I can’t recall his face. 我记不起他的脸。 I recall her giving me the key. 我记得她把钥匙给了我。 Notes: recall 后面可加名词、动名词、that-clause、wh -clause、how to do 等作其宾语，表示有意识的活动。如： She recalled with horror the night that her husband died in a car accident.她恐惧地回忆起她丈夫死于车祸的那个夜晚。 He recalled that he sent the letter a month ago. 他记起一个月前他寄走了信。 He recalled seeing him outside the shop on the night of the robbery. 他想起在抢劫那晚在商店外见过他。 Can you recall what happened last night? 你能回想起昨晚发生了什么事吗？ I can’t recall how to do it. 我记不起这是怎么做的 。nullviolate vt. act against 违反，违背；侵犯；打扰 They were charged with violating traffic regulations. 他们被指控违反了交通法规。 Companies that violate environmental laws will be heavily fined. 违反环境法的公司将被重罚。 Questions of this kind have violated my privacy and I am unwilling to answer them. 这类问题已侵犯到我的隐私，我不想回答。 Note: opposite words abide by/observe 遵守（法律，法规等）nullcontempt n. 轻视，轻蔑 Most people show contempt for a cheat. 大多数人都鄙视行骗的人。 They would often look at us with unmistakable contempt. 他们常常用明白无误的轻蔑眼光来看我们。 Collocation: have/ show contempt for 蔑视，看不起 beneath (one’s) contempt 不值得一顾 The poor were beneath her contempt. 她对穷人不屑一顾。nullavoid vt. keep or get away from 避免，回避，逃避 （后接名词或动名词作宾语，不可跟不定式） You should really avoid him---he’ll only borrow money from you. 你得回避他，他只会向你借钱。 She avoided punishment. (=She avoided being punished.) 她逃避了惩罚。 The report deliberately avoided any mention of the tough/taxing problem. 这份报告故意回避那个棘手的问题。nullhold back 控制（感情、眼泪等）；阻止，禁止；犹豫，退缩；隐瞒 They just couldn’t hold back their laughter/tears. 他们怎么也无法忍住不笑/不哭。 He was so impatient that I couldn’t hold him back. 他是如此烦躁不安，我无法控制他。 There was heavy traffic in the vicinity; he had to hold the children back from running out into the streets. 附近车辆行人来往频繁，他不得不阻止孩子们往街上跑。 When danger appeared, every one of them held back. 当危险来临时，他们每个人都畏缩不前。 I can tell from his nervousness that he is holding back something. 我看到他局促不安的样子就知道他心里隐藏了什么事。nullessence n. the most important quality of a thing 本质，精髓；精华，要素 The essence of his lecture was that education should continue throughout life. 他的报告的实质是教育应当贯穿一生。 Competition is the essence of the game. 这种比赛的实质就是竞争。 in essence 实质上， 基本上，大体上 These two theories are in essence the same. 这两种理论在实质上是相同的。 of the essence 极其重要的， 必不可少的 You must apply at once---time is of the essence. 你必须立即申请---时间是至关重要的。 essential a. 重要的，必不可少的；本质的，实质的，精华的nullLanguage study & StructuresnullIt was not until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. (L2) I found my English grammar dull and difficult. (L4) He was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. (L9) Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table…(L25) Neither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. (L28) To write as I wanted, … (L36) There was no choice next month but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. (L41) nullIt was not until my third year in high school that the possibility took hold. (L2) 这是一个强调句句型。用于强调主语、宾语、状语等。如： It was a young scientist that (who) solved the problem five years ago. （强调主语） It was this problem that a young scientist solved five years ago. （强调宾语） It was five years ago that a young scientist solved the problem. （强调状语） It was not until they had a discussion that they made a decision. （强调状语） 他们直到讨论后才作出决定nullI found my English grammar dull and difficult. (L4) find + object +n./adj./-ing/-ed/介词短语等， 是常用的结构，意思是“发现/发觉……是某种状况或处于某种状态等或在某个地方”。如： I don’t find Tom an easy person to get on with. Do you find the task difficult to do? You don’t find many people cycling to work in New York. When I woke up, I found myself in the hospital. The little girl found herself lost in the forest. He suddenly found himself in a dilemma.nullHe was said to be very formal, rigid and hopelessly out of date. (L9) =It was said that he was very formal, rigid, and hopelessly out of date. 这两种结构可互换。 可用于这两种结构的动词有：believe, report, prove, estimate, suppose等。如： It is believed that he is the right person to do the job. =He is believed to be the right person to do the job. It was reported that more than 300 people lost their lives in the air crash. =More than 300 people were reported to lose their lives in the air crash. It has been proved that the plan is workable. =The plan has been proved to be workable. It is supposed that they will take actions against their enemies. =They are supposed to take actions against their enemies. It is estimated that 600,000 students have been enrolled by all kinds of colleges and universities. =600,000 students are estimated to have been enrolled by all kinds of colleges and universities.nullVivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table…(L25) 1）这里现在分词flooding 作came的方式或伴随状语，这种用法很常见。如： He came running back to tell us the news. The children sat on small chairs clapping as the foreign guests walked in. Laughing and talking, the students went into the classroom. 2）seat vt.让某人坐下 常用结构为： seat oneself/be seated nullNeither Doris nor I had ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough experience to be good at it. (L28) Neither … nor …句型中，谓语动词的单复数由nor之后的名词来决定。如： Neither you nor I am good at swimming. Neither his friends nor his wife supports his decision. Neither my sister nor my parents agree to move to New York. none 可用于指人或物，作主语时，谓语动词可用单数或复数。 None 通常和of短语连用作主语，如果of后接复数名词或代词，谓语可用单数或复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语动词只能用单数。如： Was anybody late for school on the first day of the new term? None was late. He has every right to be there, but I have none at all. None of the houses has/have a large garden. None of the money is mine.nullTo write as I wanted, … (L36) As 引导方式状语从句，表示“按照，依照；如，正如”等意思。如： You must do as I tell you. He got divorced, just as his parents had done many years ago. I invested the money as you suggested. As I were just saying, I think this proposal needs further consideration