ebc2011-07-三步写作法

nullApplying The Three-Step Writing ProcessApplying The Three-Step Writing ProcessThree-Step Writing ProcessThree-Step Writing ProcessStep 1Step 3Step 2 PlanningWritingCompletingThree-Step Writing ProcessThree-Step Writing ProcessAnalyze Situation 分析形势Gather Information 收集信息Select Medium 选择媒介Analyze Audience 分析受众Adapt to Audience 适应受众Control Style 选择写作风格Revise 修改信息Produce 加工信息Proofread 校对信息Get Organized 组织信息Draft Message 撰写草稿Distribute 发布信息nullOptimize Your TimePlanning Business MessagesPlanning Business MessagesAnalyze the SituationAnalyze the SituationDefine Your PurposeDefine Your PurposeGeneralSpecificTest Your PurposeTest Your PurposeWhat will your message change?你的信息将改变什么 Is your purpose realistic? 目标是否可行 Is the timing right? 时间是否合适 Is the right person delivering it? 发送人是否合适 Is your purpose acceptable? 目标是否可被接受nullProfile Your AudienceGather InformationGather InformationnullAudience Information NeedsnullSelecting The Right MediumAnalysis of Oral MediaAnalysis of Oral MediaAdvantagesDisadvantagesRestricted participation Nonpermanent message Reduced control No editing or revision Immediate feedback Ease of interaction Rich non-verbal cues Emotional content Analysis of Written MediaAnalysis of Written MediaAdvantagesDisadvantagesDelayed feedback Few nonverbal cues Creation time Distribution resources Preparation and production Planning and control Permanence Audience reach Minimal distortion Emotional control nullElectronic Media Global CommunicationAdvantages of Electronic MediaAdvantages of Electronic MediaSpeed of delivery Audience reach Personalization Multimedia formats Accessible and open Disadvantages of Electronic MediaDisadvantages of Electronic MediaTension and conflict Excessive use Security threats Privacy issues ProductivityConsider Media RichnessConsider Media RichnessA Continuum of Media Richness More Factors to Consider More Factors to ConsiderSender IntentionsUrgency and CostAudience PreferencesMessage FormalityMedia LimitationsOrganizing Your MessagesOrganizing Your MessagesWhy Is Organization So Important?Why Is Organization So Important?Define the Main IdeaDefine the Main IdeanullGenerating Ideas BrainstormingMind MappingStoryteller’s TourJournalistic ApproachQuestion-Answer ChainnullNumber of Main IdeasTime and SpaceAudience AttitudeDepth of ResearchLimiting The ScopeSequencing MessagesSequencing MessagesDirect Approach (Deductive 演绎法推论式)Indirect Approach (Inductive 归纳法诱导式)Audience ReactionMessage LengthMessage TypeClassifying MessagesClassifying MessagesConstructing OutlinesConstructing OutlinesFirst Major Part First subpoint Second subpoint Evidence Evidence Third subpoint Second Major Point First subpoint Second subpoint1.0 First Major Part 1.1 First subpoint 1.2 Second subpoint 1.2.1 Evidence 1.2.2 Evidence 1.3 Third subpoint 2.0 Second Major Point 2.1 First subpoint 2.2 Second subpointAlphanumeric 字母数字排序Decimal 十进制数字排序Organization ChartOrganization ChartWriting Business MessagesWriting Business MessagesThree-Step Writing ProcessThree-Step Writing ProcessAnalyze SituationGather InformationSelect MediumAnalyze AudienceAdapt to AudienceControl StyleReviseProduceProofreadGet OrganizedDraft MessageDistributeAdapt to the AudienceAdapt to the AudienceRelationships 友好关系 Sensitivity 保持敏感性Style and Tone 风格语气Audience SensitivityAudience SensitivityAdopt a “You” Attitude 换位思考Demonstrate Business Etiquette 保持礼仪Emphasize the Positive 重在积极面Use Bias-Free Language 无偏见语言The “You” AttitudeThe “You” AttitudeThe “You” AttitudeThe “You” AttitudeexercisesBusiness EtiquetteBusiness EtiquetteEmphasize the PositiveEmphasize the PositiveInstead of ThisUse ThisCheap Merchandise Fake Used Cars Failing Elderly Person Pimples and ZitsBargain Prices Imitation or faux Resale Cars Underperforming Senior Citizen Complexion ProblemsBias-Free LanguageBias-Free LanguageA Strong Audience RelationshipA Strong Audience RelationshipEstablish Your Credibility 建立个人信任Build the Company’s Image 树立公司形象Establish Your CredibilityEstablish Your CredibilityHonesty and objectivity 诚实客观 Awareness of audience needs 关注受众需求 Credentials, knowledge, expertise 证书知识和技能 Endorsements or testimonials 推荐 Evidence of performance 业绩 Communication style 沟通风格Build the Company’s ImageBuild the Company’s ImageBuild the Company’s ImageBuild the Company’s ImagenullControlling Style And Tone Sentence Structure and VocabularyConversational ToneConversational ToneBusiness MessagesAvoid UsingUse CarefullyWriting in Plain EnglishWriting in Plain EnglishUsing the Right VoiceUsing the Right VoiceSubject + Verb + Object Joe rented the car. Active VoiceObject + Verb + Subject The car was rented by Joe. Passive VoiceCharacteristicsCharacteristicsComposing the MessageComposing the MessageWord Choice 词Sentences 句Paragraphs 段Choosing the Best WordsChoosing the Best WordsContent Words 实词Function Words 虚词Unchanging MeaningMechanical UsageDenotations 外延Concrete WordsConnotations 内涵Abstract WordsCorrect Grammar and Word UseFinding Words That Communicate P150Finding Words That Communicate P150Effective SentencesEffective Sentences Compound 复合句Compound- Complex 复合从句Simple 简单句Complex 复杂句Coherent ParagraphsCoherent ParagraphsParagraph DevelopmentParagraph DevelopmentIllustration Comparison/Contrast Cause and Effect Classification Problem and SolutionUse examples for support Use similarities and differences Focus on reasons for something Categorize a general idea Pose problems, offer solutionsTechniqueDescriptionEffective EmailEffective EmailComposing EmailComposing EmailSending Business E-MailSending Business E-MailGetting OrganizedComposing MessagesWord Processing ToolsWord Processing ToolsWord Processing ToolsWord Processing ToolsCompleting Business MessagesCompleting Business MessagesThree-Step Writing ProcessThree-Step Writing ProcessAnalyze SituationGather InformationSelect MediumAnalyze AudienceAdapt to AudienceControl StyleReviseProduceProofreadGet OrganizedDraft MessageDistributeMoving Past the First DraftMoving Past the First DraftContent, Organization, Style, and ToneOverall ReadabilityClarity and ConcisenessCompleting MessagesCompleting MessagesRevising 修改Producing 展示Proofreading 校正Distributing 发布Revising MessagesRevising MessagesContent 内容Organization 结构Style and Tone 风格Promoting ReadabilityPromoting ReadabilityEditing for Clarity P180Editing for Clarity P180Sentence Style 注意句子风格Faulty Parallelism 调整平行Dangling Modifiers 修改模糊的修饰Long Noun Sequences 改变一长串名词Editing for ClarityEditing for ClarityCamouflaged Verbs 替换隐含动词Sentence Structure 明晰句子结构Awkward References 注明参考信息Excess Enthusiasm 控制激情Editing for ConcisenessEditing for ConcisenessProducing MessagesProducing MessagesGraphics, Sound, Video and HypertextGraphics, Sound, Video and HypertextPresentation SoftwareGraphics SoftwarePromoting ReadabilityPromoting ReadabilityConsistency 一致Balance 均衡Detail 细节Restraint节制nullDesign Elements White Space 留白Margins and Justification 页边距和对齐方式Typefaces 字体 Type Styles 字型Use Technology to Produce the MessageUse Technology to Produce the MessageProofread Messages P192Proofread Messages P192Distribute MessagesDistribute Messages Convenience 便利Security and Privacy 安全性和隐私性Cost Issues 成本Time Constraints 时间