SuRef---011---《威尼斯宪章》节选(新GRE写作 Issue )(小姜老师发布)
Saving My Revised GRE Issue 《拯救我的新GRE Issue》(Manuscript under Review)
© Copy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved
Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, June 2012
Supplementary Ref
011
《威尼斯宪章》节选
Excerpt of Venice Charter
The V...
Saving My Revised GRE Issue 《拯救我的新GRE Issue》(Manuscript under Review)
© Copy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved
Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, June 2012
Supplementary Ref
011
《威尼斯宪章》节选
Excerpt of Venice Charter
The Venice Charter for the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites is a treaty that
gives an international framework for the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings.《内罗毕
建议》可以通过以下链接下载全文 http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0011/001140/114038e.pdf
Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 可以通过以下链接下
载全文 http://whc.unesco.org/archive/convention-en.pdf
Definitions
ARTICLE 1. The concept of a historic
monument embraces not only the single
architectural work but also the urban or rural
setting in which is found the evidence of a
particular civilization, a significant
development or a historic event. This applies
not only to great works of art but also to more
modest works of the past which have acquired
cultural significance with the passing of time.
ARTICLE 2. The conservation and restoration
of monuments must have recourse to all the
sciences and techniques which can contribute
to the study and safeguarding of the
architectural heritage.
Aim
ARTICLE 3. The intention in conserving and
restoring monuments is to safeguard them no
less as works of art than as historical
evidence.
Conservation
ARTICLE 4. It is essential to the conservation
of monuments that they be maintained on a
permanent basis.
ARTICLE 5. The conservation of monuments
is always facilitated by making use of them for
some socially useful purpose. Such use is
therefore desirable but it must not change the
lay-out or decoration of the building. It is within
these limits only that modifications demanded
by a change of function should be envisaged
and may be permitted.
ARTICLE 6. The conservation of a monument
implies preserving a setting which is not out of
scale. Wherever the traditional setting exists, it
must be kept. No new construction, demolition
or modification which would alter the relations
of mass and color must be allowed.
ARTICLE 7. A monument is inseparable from
the history to which it bears witness and from
the setting in which it occurs. The moving of all
or part of a monument cannot be allowed
except where the safeguarding of that
monument demands it or where it is justified
by national or international interest of
paramount importance.
ARTICLE 8. Items of sculpture, painting or
decoration which form an integral part of a
monument may only be removed from it if this
is the sole means of ensuring their
preservation.
Restoration
ARTICLE 9. The process of restoration is a
highly specialized operation. Its aim is to
preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic
value of the monument and is based on
respect for original material and authentic
documents. It must stop at the point where
conjecture begins, and in this case moreover
any extra work which is indispensable must be
distinct from the architectural composition and
must bear a contemporary stamp. The
restoration in any case must be preceded and
followed by an archaeological and historical
study of the monument.
ARTICLE 10. Where traditional techniques
prove inadequate, the consolidation of a
monument can be achieved by the use of any
Saving My Revised GRE Issue 《拯救我的新GRE Issue》(Manuscript under Review)
© Copy Right 2012 by James Jiang. All Rights Reserved
Authorized and printed at Toronto, Canada, June 2012
modem technique for conservation and
construction, the efficacy of which has been
shown by scientific data and proved by
experience.
ARTICLE 11. The valid contributions of all
periods to the building of a monument must be
respected, since unity of style is not the aim of
a restoration. When a building includes the
superimposed work of different periods, the
revealing of the underlying state can only be
justified in exceptional circumstances and
when what is removed is of little interest and
the material which is brought to light is of great
historical, archaeological or aesthetic value,
and its state of preservation good enough to
justify the action. Evaluation of the importance
of the elements involved and the decision as
to what may be destroyed cannot rest solely
on the individual in charge of the work.
ARTICLE 12. Replacements of missing parts
must integrate harmoniously with the whole,
but at the same time must be distinguishable
from the original so that restoration does not
falsify the artistic or historic evidence.
ARTICLE 13. Additions cannot be allowed
except in so far as they do not detract from the
interesting parts of the building, its traditional
setting, the balance of its composition and its
relation with its surroundings.
Historic Sites
ARTICLE 14. The sites of monuments must be
the object of special care in order to safeguard
their integrity and ensure that they are cleared
and presented in a seemly manner. The work
of conservation and restoration carried out in
such places should be inspired by the
principles set forth in the foregoing articles.
Excavations
ARTICLE 15. Excavations should be carried
out in accordance with scientific standards
and the recommendation defining international
principles to be applied in the case of
archaeological excavation adopted by
UNESCO in 1956. Ruins must be maintained
and measures necessary for the permanent
conservation and protection of architectural
features and of objects discovered must be
taken. Furthermore, every means must be
taken to facilitate the understanding of the
monument and to reveal it without ever
distorting its meaning.
All reconstruction work should however be
ruled out "a priori." Only anastylosis, that is to
say, the reassembling of existing but
dismembered parts can be permitted. The
material used for integration should always be
recognizable and its use should be the least
that will ensure the conservation of a
monument and the reinstatement of its form.
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