AMS-QQ-P-416C-2009

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright © 2009 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerService@sae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http://www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http://www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMSQQP416C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS-QQ-P-416 REV. C Issued 2000-07 Revised 2009-09 Superseding AMS-QQ-P-416B Plating, Cadmium (Electrodeposited) RATIONALE AMS-QQ-P-416C was issued to correct a publishing error related to hydrogen embrittlement testing. 1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION 1.1 Scope This specification covers the requirements for electrodeposited cadmium plating. 1.2 Classification Cadmium plating shall be of the following types and classes, as specified (See 6.2): 1.2.1 Types I - As plated II - With supplementary chromate treatment (See 3.2.8.1) III - With supplementary phosphate treatment (See 3.2.8.2) 1.2.2 Classes 1 - 0.0005 inch, minimum 2 - 0.0003 inch, minimum 3 - 0.0002 inch, minimum 1.3 Safety-Hazardous Materials: While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 1.4 Warning This document includes cadmium as a plating material. The use of cadmium has been restricted and/or banned for use in many countries due to environmental and health concerns. The user should consult with local officials on applicable health and environmental regulations regarding its use. Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 2 of 17 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS6414 Steel Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.80Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38-0.43C), (SAE 4340), Vacuum Consumable Electrode Remelted AMS6415 Steel, Bars, Forgings, and Tubing, 0.80Cr - 1.8Ni - 0.25Mo (0.38-0.43C) (SAE 4340) 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B 117 Salt Spray (Fog) Testing ASTM B 244 Measurement of Thickness of Anodic Coatings on Aluminum and of other Nonconductive Coatings on Nonmagnetic Basis Metals with Eddy-Current Instruments ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B 499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method: Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B 504 Measurement of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B 567 Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM E 8 Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 29 Standard Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications ASTM E 376 Measuring Coating Thickness by Magnetic-Field or Eddy-Current (Electromagnetic) Examination Methods 2.3 U.S. Government Publications Available from the Document Automation and Production Service (DAPS), Building 4/D, 700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Tel: 215-697-6257, http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/. TT-C-490 Cleaning Methods for Ferrous Surfaces and Pretreatments for Organic Coatings MIL-S-5002 Surface Treatments and Inorganic Coatings for Metal Surfaces of Weapons Systems MIL-STD-1916 DoD Preferred Methods of Acceptance of Product 2.4 National Aerospace Standards: Available from AIA, Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928 or http://www.aia-aerospace.org. NASM1312-1 Fastener Test Methods - Method 1, Salt Spray NASM1312-5 Fastener Test Methods - Method 5, Stress Durability NASM1312-12 Fastener Test Methods - Method 12, Thickness of Metallic Coatings NASM1312-14 Fastener Test Methods - Method 14, Stress Durability (Internally Threaded Fasteners) Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 3 of 17 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Materials The materials used shall be such as to produce platings that meet the requirements of this specification. 3.1.1 Inventory Items in inventory that were plated prior to the issuance of this amendment may be used until the supply is exhausted. 3.2 General Requirements 3.2.1 Preplate Stress Relief Unless otherwise specified by purchaser (6.2e), steel parts which have been machined, ground, cold-formed, or cold- straightened after heat treatment, shall be stress relieved in accordance with Table 1 or Table 1A, as applicable. Stress relief shall precede shot peening, cleaning, and plating for relief of damaging residual tensile stresses. Stress relief is not required for fasteners if all cold working is limited to cold working of the head-to-shank fillet and thread rolling after heat treatment. 3.2.2 Cleaning Unless otherwise specified (See 6.2), all parts shall be cleaned in accordance with MIL-S-5002. Fasteners heat treated to 160 ksi (or 36 HRC) or above, shall be cleaned in accordance with MIL-S-5002 and the following: a. Abrasive cleaning shall be used for removal of heat treat scale and oxidation as applicable (pickling is not permitted). b. Alkaline cleaning shall be used as applicable with anodic (reverse) current or no current. Cathodic (direct) current cleaning with the part serving as the cathode shall not be used. c. A clean water rinse shall be used as applicable following each cleaning or plating operation. d. Surface activation of the part in an inhibited acid is acceptable for purposes of plating adhesion. 3.2.3 Plating Application Unless otherwise specified (See 6.2), the plating shall be applied after all basis metal heat treatments and mechanical operations, such as machining, brazing, welding, forming and perforating of the article, have been completed. 3.2.4 Underplating Unless otherwise specified (See 6.2), cadmium shall be deposited on the basis metal without a preliminary plating of other metal, except in the case of parts made of corrosion resistant alloys on which a preliminary plating of nickel or copper may be necessary, or on parts made of aluminum on which a preliminary treatment, such as the zincate process or preliminary plating of copper or electroless nickel, may be necessary. 3.2.5 Coverage Unless otherwise specified (See 6.2), the plating shall cover all surfaces as stated in 3.3.1, including roots of threads, corners, and recesses. 3.2.6 Luster Unless otherwise specified in the engineering drawing or procurement documentation (or in 3.2.6.1), the use of brightening agents, or other additives which produce brightened deposits in the plating solution, is prohibited on components with a specified heat treatment of 180 ksi minimum tensile strength (or 40 HRC) and higher. Either a bright (not caused by brightening agents) or dull luster shall be acceptable. Brighteners may be used with the alloys listed in 3.2.7. Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 4 of 17 3.2.6.1 Use of Brighteners with Bearings Unless otherwise specified in the engineering drawing or procurement specification, the use of brighteners is permitted for annular bearings. For rod end bearing bodies, track roller studs, and end washers of needle track roller bearings, the amount of brightener added to the plating bath shall be limited to 20% of the normal charge. 3.2.7 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Treatment Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (See 6.2), or stated in the end product specification or drawing, all parts shall be baked within 4 hours after the plating operation is completed as specified in Table 1 or Table 1A, as applicable. Plated springs and other parts subject to flexure shall not be flexed prior to hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment. In the case of Types II and III treated parts which require baking, the baking treatment shall be done prior to the application of the supplementary coatings. Cadmium plated surfaces passivated as a result of the baking operation shall be reactivated prior to receiving the Type II supplementary chromate treatment (See 6.5). The following alloys are not considered susceptible to hydrogen embrittlement from the cadmium plating process, and therefore do not require the hydrogen embrittlement relief treatment (See Tables I and IA), or the hydrogen embrittlement relief test of 3.3.4: a. UNS S66286, UNS N07718, UNS R30159, UNS R30035, UNS N04400, UNS N06600, UNS N07750 b. 300 series austenitic stainless steels c. Aluminum, and aluminum alloys 3.2.7.1 Baking Procedure Control The bake furnace pyrometry shall conform to AMS2750. All parts shall be baked continuously at temperature, within the specified range. Interruptions for loading and unloading parts shall be permitted provided the time between the opening of the furnace door, and the re-establishment of the specified baking temperature, is not used to determine the total cumulative bake time. The specified baking temperature shall be considered to be re-established when all control, indicating and recording thermocouples reach the specified baking temperature. 3.2.8 Supplementary Treatments Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (See 6.2), the cadmium plating shall be Type II on parts that will not subsequently be completely coated and Type III on parts that will subsequently be completely coated (See 6.1.2 and 6.1.3). 3.2.8.1 Chromate Treatment Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (See 6.2), the chromate treatment required for conversion to Type II shall be a treatment in or with an aqueous solution of salts, acids, or both, to produce a continuous smooth, distinct protective film, distinctly colored iridescent bronze to brown including olive drab, yellow, and forest green. The articles so treated shall be thoroughly rinsed and dried in accordance with the requirements of the process used. Usual chromic and nitric acid bright dips for cadmium are not chromate treatments. 3.2.8.2 Phosphate Treatment Unless otherwise specified in the contract or order (See 6.2), the phosphate treatment required for conversion to Type III shall produce a tightly adherent film conforming to Type I of TT-C-490. 3.3 Detail Requirements 3.3.1 Thickness of Plating: a. Unless otherwise specified (See 6.2), for surfaces that can be touched by a sphere 0.75 inches in diameter, including external threads, the minimum thickness of cadmium plating shall be as specified for each class in 1.2.2. If not specified, the maximum shall be the minimum plus 0.0003 inch. Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 5 of 17 b. For internally threaded parts, a maximum limit of 0.0005 inch above the minimum shall be allowed on the external surfaces. c. For surfaces that cannot be touched by a 0.75 inch sphere, including internal threads, no thickness requirements are established, but such areas shall show evidence of coating. There shall be no bare areas, except for areas beyond a hole depth of 2.5 times the hole diameter. See 6.1.1.1.2. d. The plating thickness shall be uniform in thickness on surfaces that can be touched by a 0.75 inch sphere except that slight buildup on exterior corners and edges will be permitted provided the finished engineering drawing dimensions are met. e. The preliminary plating shall be considered part of the cadmium plating thickness requirement. 3.3.2 Adhesion The adhesion of the plating shall be such that when examined at a magnification of 4 to 10 diameters, the plating shall not show separation from the basis metal nor from any underplating at the interface, nor shall any underplate show separation from the basis metal at the interface when subjected to the tests described in 4.6.2 and Table 2. The interface between the underplate and the basis metal is the surface before plating. The formation of cracks in the plating caused by rupture of the basis metal, the underplate or combination of both which do not result in flaking, peeling or blistering of the plating shall not be considered as nonconformance to this requirement. 3.3.3 Corrosion Resistance Type II areas required to be covered (See 3.3.1) shall not show white corrosion products of cadmium, pitting, or basis metal corrosion products at the end of 96 hours when tested by continuous exposure to the salt spray in accordance with 4.6.3 and Table 2. The appearance of corrosion products visible to the unaided eye shall be cause for rejection, except that white corrosion products at the edges of specimens (See 4.5.2) shall not constitute failure. 3.3.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Test Unless otherwise specified, hydrogen embrittlement testing is required for parts heat treated to 160 ksi (or 36 HRC) or above, but is not required for bearings, except rod end bearing bodies, track roller bearing studs, and end washers on needle track roller bearings. Unless otherwise specified in the product specification or drawing, testing shall be in accordance with 4.6.4 as specified in 4.4.2.3 and 4.4.3. Rod end bearing bodies, track roller bearing studs and end washers of needle track roller bearings shall be tested as specified in 4.6.4.3. There shall be no cracking or fracture of the plated parts or the prepared test specimens. 3.4 Environmental Requirements All cadmium plating facilities and equipment shall comply with EPA and Federal, State, and local guidelines (See 6.6). 3.5 Workmanship 3.5.1 Basis Metal The basis metal shall be free from visible defects that will be detrimental to the appearance or protective value of the plating. 3.5.2 Appearance The cadmium plating shall be smooth, adherent, uniform in appearance, free from blisters, pits, nodules, burning, and other defects when examined visually without magnification. The plating shall show no indication of contamination or improper operation of equipment used to produce the cadmium deposit, such as excessively powdered or darkened plating. Superficial staining, which has been demonstrated as resulting from rinsing, or slight discoloration resulting from any drying or baking operations as specified shall not be cause for rejection. Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 6 of 17 4. QUALITY ASSURANCE PROVISIONS 4.1 Responsibility for Inspection Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements (examinations and tests) as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the Government. The Government reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth in this specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to ensure supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements. 4.1.1 Responsibility for Compliance All items shall meet all requirements of sections 3 and 5. The inspection set forth in this specification shall become a part of the contractor’s overall inspection system or quality program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the specification shall not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of ensuring that all products or supplies submitted to the Government for acceptance comply with all requirements of the contract. Sampling inspection, as part of manufacturing operations, is an acceptable practice to ascertain conformance to requirements, however, this does not authorize submission of known defective material, either indicated or actual, nor does it commit the Government to accept defective material. 4.2 Classification of Inspections The inspection requirements specified herein are classified as quality conformance inspections and tests (See 4.4). 4.3 Inspection Conditions All inspections shall be performed in accordance with the test conditions specified in the applicable test method or applicable paragraph in this specification. 4.4 Quality Conformance Inspection and Tests The quality conformance inspection shall consist of the following: a. Process control inspection (4.4.1) b. Lot sampling inspection (4.4.2) c. Production control testing (4.4.3) 4.4.1 Process Control Inspection 4.4.1.1 Control Records The processor shall maintain a record of the history of each processing bath, showing all additions of chemicals or treatment solutions to the unit, and the results of all chemical analyses performed. Upon request of the acquisition activity or government inspector, such records, as well as reports of the test results, shall be made available. These records shall be maintained for not less than one year after completion of the contract or purchase order. 4.4.2 Lot Sampling Inspection The lot sampling inspection shall consist of the examinations and tests specified in 4.4.2.2. When specified in the contract or order (See 6.2), hydrogen embrittlement testing shall be conducted as specified in 4.4.2.3. 4.4.2.1 Lot A lot shall consist of plated articles of the same basis metal composition, class, and type plated and treated under the same conditions and submitted for inspection at one time. Author:Gilligan-SID:9234-GUID:23200647-155.69.4.4 SAE AMS-QQ-P-416C Page 7 of 17 4.4.2.2 Sampling for Visual Examination and Thickness of Plating Sampling for visual examination and thickness of plating tests shall be conducted. A sample of plated parts or articles, except for those barrel plated, shall be taken at random from each lot, the number of articles in accordance with MIL-STD- 1916, VL = II, or as indicated in Table 3, or as specified by purchaser. Unless specified otherwise, the sampling cho