名词复习

null 名词 |　　|专有名词 |　　　　　　　　　　 | 　| 名 |　　　　 | 个体名词　 |　　　　　 | 　|　　|　　　　 |　　　　　 | 可数名词　| 　|　　|　　　　 | 集体名词　 |　　　　 　| 　|　　|普通名词 |　　　　　 |　　　　　 | 　| 词 |　　　　 | 物质名词　 |　　　　　 | 　|　　|　　　　 |　　　　　 | 不可数名词| 　|　　|　　　　 | 抽象名词　 |　　　　 　| 名词null问题1： The ______ of the building are covered with lots of ______. A．roofs; leaves B．rooves; leafs C．roof; leaf D．roofs; leafs 以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时： 　a. 加 s，如： belief---beliefs roof---roofs chief --- chiefs safe---safes 　gulf---gulfs； 　b. 去 f, fe 加 ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives 　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves wife---wives 　life---lives　thief---thieves； 　c. 均可, 如：handkerchief --- handkerchiefs / handkerchieves null1．单数名词变为复数名词常考点 (1)以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加­s，但是下列名词 要加­es，它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，potatoes，tomatoes。 (2)以­f或­fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加­s，但下列 以­f或­fe结尾的名词需把­f或­fe变为­ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上把狼劈成两半，即：selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。null问题2： Mr Smith has two ______, both of whom are teachers in a school. A．brothers-in-law B．brother-in-laws C．brothers-in-laws D．brothers-in law 以连字符号连接的合成名词一般将中心名词变成复数，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如果没有中心名词就在该合成词的最后加 –s。如：grown-ups。null(3)合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变 为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一个部分变为复数。如：sons­in­law女婿，passers­by过路人，story­tellers讲故事的人，breakfasts早餐，housewives家庭主妇。 1.名词复数的不规则变化 1.名词复数的不规则变化   1）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 　　　如： people　police　cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示国民总称时，作复数用。 　　　如： The Chinese are industries and brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 　null1.6 不同国家的人的单复数 名称　　 总称(谓语用复数）　一个人　　 两个人　　　　　 中国人　　the Chinese　　　a Chinese　 two Chinese 瑞士人　　the Swiss　　　　a Swiss　　 two Swiss 澳大利亚人the Australians　an Australian two Australians　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 俄国人　　the Russians　　 a Russian　　two Russians 意大利人　the Italians　　 an Italian　 two Italians 希腊人　　the Greek　　　 a Greek　　　two Greeks 法国人　　the French　　　a Frenchman　two Frenchmen 日本人　　the Japanese　　 a Japanese　 two Japanese 美国人　　the Americans　 an American　two Americans 印度人　　the Indians　　 an Indian　　 two Indians 加拿大人　the Canadians　 a Canadian　 two Canadians 德国人　　the Germans　　a Germans　　two Germans 英国人　　the English　　an Englishman　two Englishmen 瑞典人　　the Swedish　　a Swede　　　two Swedes null2）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： 　　 　　 a. news 是不可数名词。 　　 b. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 　　　The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 　　 c. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 　　　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 　　　 null有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义 papers 文件，试卷，报纸， 论文 政研论文下载论文大学下载论文大学下载关于长拳的论文浙大论文封面下载 ；goods 货物，商品；ashes 骨灰，遗骸；glasses 眼镜；sands 沙滩；woods 树林；greens 青菜；times 时代；drinks 饮料；arms 武器；looks 外表；manners礼貌；damages 赔偿金；lines 台词；works 工厂，著作，工事；brains 头脑；customs 海关，关税；irons 镣铐；regards 问候；pains 努力；conditions 条件；airs 傲气；contents 目录；spirits 酒精；waters 水域；expectations 前程2.不可数名词的变化2.不可数名词的变化物质名词 　　a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时。 比较：　Cake is a kind of food.　 (不可数) 　　　　These cakes are sweet.　 (可数) 　　b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，名词可数。 　　　This factory produces steel.　(不可数) We need various steels.　(可数) 　　c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。 　　　Our country is famous for tea. 　　　Two teas, please. 　　　 null问题2 It took us quite a long time to get here. It was ________ journey. （05北京春季） 　 A. three-hour B. a three hour C. a three-hour D. three hours “数词+名词”构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如： a ten-mile walk； a five-year plan 但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。 The village is far away from here indeed. It’s _____ walk. （04上海春季） A. a four hour B. a four hour's C. a four-hours D. a four hours'null3) 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 　　 如：　 两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)　 　　　　 十里路　 　　　　 　　　　 　 一个五年计划 　　 two-dozen eggsa ten-mile walka five-year plannull2．作定语的名词的数 (1)名词作定语时，一般用单数形式(即使在意义上是复数)。 radio programs 电台节目　tooth brushes 牙刷 heart attack 心脏病 有些本身是复数形式的名词作定语时形式不变。 a sports car 赛车　a customs officer 海关官员 clothes shop 服装店null(2)但man/woman 作定语修饰名词时，随被修饰的名词的单 复数变化而变化。 women engineers 女 工程 路基工程安全技术交底工程项目施工成本控制工程量增项单年度零星工程技术标正投影法基本原理 师　men doctors 男医生 women teachers 女教师4.名词的格4.名词的格在英语中有些名词可以加’s来表示所有或所属关系，带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的所有格，如：a teacher’s book。名词所有格的规则如下：（修饰有生命的名词用’s，无生命的一般用of结构） 1） 单数名词词尾加 ’s，复数名词词尾没有s，也要加‘s，如the boy’s bag 男孩的书包，men‘s room 男厕所。 专有名词s结尾（一般应加’s）Charles’s job 　2） 若名词已有复数词尾-s ，只加’s，如：the workers' struggle　工人的斗争。 　3） 凡不能加"'s"的名词，都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系，如：the title of the song 歌的名字。 　null4） 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格 的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词， 如：the barber‘s 理发店。 5） 如果两个名词并列，并且分别有’s，则表示“分别 有”；只有一个‘s，则表示‘共有’。 　　 如：John‘s and Mary’s rooms（两间）　 　John and Mary's room（一间） 6） 复合名词或短语，'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。 　　 如：a month or two's absence nullExercises:1. There are three ____ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 2. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s√√null 6. I stayed at __________. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 7. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s √√8. Have you ever read ____? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper 9. The mother over there is ____ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary√√null专题一 │ 真题典例 （　　）1.［2011·福建卷］The lack of eco­ friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major ________of global climate change. A．result　　　　　 B．cause C．warning D．reflection 【解析】 B　本题考查名词辨析。result结果；cause原因；warning警告；reflection反映。句意：公众环保习惯的缺失被认为是全球气候变化的一个主要原因。因此该题选B。 null 真题典例 （　　）2.［2011·湖北卷］“Tommy, run! Be quick! The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with________ clearly in her voice. A. anger B. rudeness C. regret D. panic 　　【解析】 D　考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Tommy，快跑！快点！房子着火了！”母亲大声叫喊，嗓音里夹杂着惊慌。panic惊慌；anger生气；rudeness粗鲁；regret后悔。 null 真题典例 （　　）3.［2011·山东卷］There's a ________ in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. A．tradition B．balance C．concern D．relationship 　　【解析】 A　本题考查名词辨析。句意：我们办公室有一个传统，当有人过生日的时候，他们会带一个蛋糕来大家一起分享。tradition“传统，惯例”，符合句意。balance平衡；concern担心，忧虑；relationship关系；均不符合句意。 null│ 真题典例 （　　）4.［2011·浙江卷］Anyway, I can't cheat him—it's against all my________. A．emotions B．principles C．regulations D．opinions 　　【解析】 B　考查名词辨析。由句意“无论如何我不能欺骗他——这违背了我的做人原则”可知，此处选principles，表示“原则，原则性”。emotions表示“情感”；regulations表示“规矩，规则”；opinions表示“观点，看法”。 nullExercises:1. There are three ____ in our factory. A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor 2. They are ____ of different presses(出版社). Now they are having a meeting in one of the ____ office. A. editor-in-chiefs, editors-in-chief’s B. editors-in-chief, editor-in-chief’s C. editors-in-chiefs, editor’s-in-chief’s D. editors-in-chief, editors-in-chief’s 3. The Browns have spent a large ____ of money on their new car. A. deal B. amount C. number D. size √√√null4.______ work has been done to improve the people’s living standard. A. Many B. A great many C. A great deal of D. A number of 5. Mr. Li shook ____ warmly with a friend. A. hand B. a hand C. hands D. the hands 6. I stayed at __________. A. Xiao Wang’s B. Wang’s home C. the Wangs D. home of Wang 7. Sister Carrie works in a ____ factory. A. shoes B. shoses C. shoe D. shoe’s √√√√null8. Have you ever read ____? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. today’s newspaper 9. The mother over there is ____ mother. A. Julia and Mary B. Julia and Mary’s C. Julia’s and Mary’s D. Julia’s and Mary 10. My ____ of hearing is not so good as it used to be. A. strength B. sense C. power D. skill 11. The police ____ looking into the matter now. A. be B. is C. are D. are going to√√√√null 12. Father went to his doctor for ____ about his heart trouble. A. an advice B. the advices C. advices D. advice 13. We are ____ and they are ____. A Englishmen, Germans B. Englishmen, German C. Englishmans, Germans D. Englishmen, Germen 14. This letter was sent by ____. A. my father friend B. my father friend’s C. a friend of my father’s D. a friend of my father 15. Enough of it! Nobody here thinks what you are saying should make any______ . A. excuse　 B. sense　 C. use 　 D. value √√√√null16． It is no _______ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 17． Finding information in today’s world is easy. The is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not. A. ability B. competition C. challenge D. knowledge 18．School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous . A. states B. conditions C. situations D. positions 19．It is said that dogs will keep you _________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. company C. house D．Friend √√√√null20. Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine. A. explanations B. instructions C. descriptions D. introductions 21. To make members of a team perform better, the trainer first of all has to know their _____ and weaknesses. A. strengths B. benefits C. techniques D. values 22. The ______on his face told me that he was angry. A. impression B. sight C. appearance D. expression√√√null23.Nowadays natural gas, wind and other forms of ______ are widely used in the country. 　A. energy 　 B. force 　 C. power 　D. materials 24.He dropped the ___and broke it . 　　A. cup of coffee 　　 B. coffee‘s cup 　　 C. cup for coffee　　 D. coffee cup 25.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers. 　　A. wealth; work 　 B. wealths ; works 　 C. wealths; work 　 D. wealth; works 26.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little _______.　　 A. wait 　　B. time 　　C. patience D. rest 27.I f by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____. 　A. message 　B. letter 　C. sentence 　D. notice √√√√√null28.You'll find this map of great ____in helping you to get round London 　　A. price 　　 B. cost 　　C. value 　D. usefulness 29. You have been sitting on my hat and now it is badly out of . A. date B. shape C. order D. balance 30. --- If you like I can do some shopping for you. --- That’s a very kind ________. A. offer B. service C. point D. suggestion √√√