Personal Fedora 17 Installation Guide

Fedora 17 Installation and Configuration Guide Mauriat Miranda (http://www.mjmwired.net/contact/) Other Guides/Resources Published: 12 June 2012 (updated: 12 June 2012) • Installation Media • Physical Installation • Setup sudo • Setup yum • Alternative Desktop Environments • Install MP3 Players • Install Media Players • Install TrueType Fonts • Install Google Chrome • Adobe Flash Plugin • Java Runtime Environment • Install Adobe Acrobat • Setup Samba • More Information and Translations Setup sudo 23 May 2011 Fedora, like all other Linux distributions, has a root user and has individual users. The root is the "superuser", somewhat similar to "Administrator" in Windows. Use the personal account you created at First Boot for daily use. For the account which administers the system you should have selected "Add to Administrators group". This allows this user to run as 'root' using thesudo command. If you configured sudo at First Boot, you are done. If not you can manually configure sudo. As root run: echo 'loginname ALL=(ALL) ALL' >> /etc/sudoers Where 'loginname' is your user account. Use 'ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' if you don't want to be prompted a password. If you are prompted for a password with 'sudo' it is the user password, not root. Example: [mirandam@charon ~]$ su Password: <--- Enter root password [root@charon mirandam]# echo 'mirandam ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL' >> /etc/sudoers [root@charon mirandam]# exit exit The following is an example of how sudo lets you execute root commands: [mirandam@charon ~]$ du -sh /root du: `/root': Permission denied <--- Fails!!! [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo du -sh /root 163M /root <--- Works!!! NOTE: Every command provided on this page will work if you remove sudo from the command. However this requires you must be logged in as 'root' first. An alternative to using sudo is to use su to login as root, beforeexecuting a command. Top Resources Setup yum 11 June 2012 Fedora uses yum to install and update its software. When connected to the internet it will automatically determine application dependencies. Fedora Repositories Fedora typically has 2 repositories enabled by default: fedora (the same packages that come on any combination of the CD's or DVD's) and updates (updated packages, newer than fedora repository). YUM Plugins While yum has many plugins available. Many users find the fastestmirror plugin useful. This (typically) speeds up downloads by attempting to find faster sources. To install: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install yum-plugin-fastestmirror Third Party Repositories For applications that are against Fedora policies (MP3, DVD, MPEG, Binary Drivers, etc), a third party repository should be used. The recommended repository for Fedora is: RPMFusion. For the purpose of this guide, (most) all needs are met by the RPMFusion repository, other requirements are stated. To set up the RPMFusion repositories: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/free/fedora/rpmfusion-free-release- stable.noarch.rpm [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://download1.rpmfusion.org/nonfree/fedora/rpmfusion-nonfree-release- stable.noarch.rpm Top Resources Alternative Desktop Environments 01 July 2011 Many users who find Gnome 3.x difficult to use should try an alternative desktop environment. The following are supported by Fedora. Note these are all optional. Use yum to install them if you so wish: KDE is a full featured desktop like Gnome. However it does things in a different style. This is the most comprehensive desktop next to Gnome (more info). To install: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall "KDE Software Compilation" LXDE is a lightweight desktop environment. It is very useful for older computers. It takes up much less space than Gnome or KDE. It maybe similar to older version of Windows (more info). To install: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall LXDE Xfce is lightweight desktop environment similar to LXDE. It also consumes less resources than Gnome and many users will find it similar to much older versions of Gnome (more info). To install: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum groupinstall XFCE Note: Xfce is my personal recommendation/choice. Top Resources Install Music/MP3 Players 11 June 2012 Fedora ships without any form of MP3 playback. In order to add MP3 playback you must install from a 3rd party. The following requires the use of the RPMFusion repositories. XMMS: simple, older GUI, minimalistic features (but still popular) •Installation through yum: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xmms xmms-mp3 xmms-faad2 xmms-flac xmms-pulse xmms-skins Audacious: A basic music player but much more modern than XMMS. •Installation through yum: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install audacious audacious-plugins-freeworld* NOTE: There is a '*' at the end. Rhythmbox/Gstreamer - A simple audio application similar to iTunes layout. •Most of Rhythmbox and the Gstreamer system should be installed when installing Gnome (mentioned above). The missing components are just the MP3 (and other media) plugins. •Installation through yum: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install rhythmbox gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer- ffmpeg gstreamer-plugins-bad-nonfree Amarok - A modern feature rich media player application. •It is helpful to have KDE installed first as this will reduce the download. •Installation through yum: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install amarok xine-lib-extras-freeworld Combined command: If you wish to install EVERYTHING above please run the following: •[mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xmms xmms-mp3 xmms-faad2 xmms-flac xmms-pulse \ xmms-skins audacious audacious-plugins-freeworld* rhythmbox \ gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer-ffmpeg \ gstreamer-plugins-bad-nonfree amarok xine-lib-extras-freeworld Top Resources Install Media Players 11 June 2012 Fedora ships with a limited set of media player for both audio and video. For audio please read the MP3 player notes. For video and other multimedia (DVD, etc.) we will also be making use of a 3rd party repository:RPMFusion. Make sure to have the RPMFusion repositories configured before executing the following. Note that many "dependancies" in libraries, plugins and codecs are shared between these applications and also the MP3 player applications. The following is a list of the most popular media players. Each has its own strengths. Install whichever you prefer although at least MPlayer and VLC are recommended. MPlayer - MPlayer comes in a command line only interface (mplayer) or skinable GUI and it also has a powerful encoding tool MEncoder (also great for ripping or compressing audio/video). Additionally there is a highly functional web plugin allowing for many popular formats in Firefox/Mozilla (WMV, QuickTime, etc.). •Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install mplayer mplayer-gui gecko-mediaplayer mencoder •Note that mencoder is optional but provides many encoding functions. •Binary Codecs: Please install the Binary Codecs for further support of formats that MPlayer does not directly support. •MPlayer should work automatically defaulted to PulseAudio. Xine - Xine is similar to MPlayer in many ways however lacking the command line application and encoder. However has fully supported DVD playback with proper navigation. •Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install xine xine-lib-extras xine-lib-extras-freeworld •Binary Codecs: Please install the Binary Codecs for further support of formats that Xine does not directly support. •DVD Playback: To properly play DVDs please see DVD Playback. Banshee - Banshee is an iTunes-like media player which support sync'ing to multiple different devices. •Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install banshee gstreamer-plugins-ugly gstreamer-plugins-bad gstreamer- ffmpeg Binary Codecs - The MPlayer projects maintains a package full of binary codecs for which no directly open source option exists, some of these files include Windows DLL's. These are shared by both Xine and MPlayer.NOTE: There is significant variation depending on your architecture (i386, x86_64, ppc). This step is really only beneficial to 32bit i386 users, 64bit users may also install the i386. •Navigate to: http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/ •Select the package (.tar.bz2) best matching your version of Fedora/Architecture. Generally 32-bit users will use: all-20110131.tar.bz2. •Install the codecs (32-bit for example): [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/lib/codecs [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo tar -jxvf all-20110131.tar.bz2 --strip-components 1 -C /usr/lib/codecs/ VLC - VLC is a simpler media player with an easy to use interface. It also supports DVD playback. While most needs should be met with Xine and MPlayer some prefer VLC. •Installation through yum with RPMFusion enabled: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install vlc •DVD Playback: To properly play DVDs please see DVD Playback. DVD Playback - The libdvdcss is required for DVD playback. Due to non-technical reasons, the package does not exist in the RPMFusion repository. For only this package an alternate repository will be used. •Please use the ATrpms Repository: [mirandam@charon Download]$ wget http://www.mjmwired.net/resources/files/atrpms.repo [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo cp ./atrpms.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/atrpms.repo [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import http://packages.atrpms.net/RPM-GPG-KEY.atrpms •To install the package: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum --enablerepo=atrpms install libdvdcss2 •NOTE ATrpms may conflict with RPMFusion hence it is kept disabled. Top Resources Install Microsoft Truetype Fonts 08 June 2009 The official source for the package is http://corefonts.sourceforge.net/, however I am using the following SPEC file. You have to build the RPM using the chosen SPEC file. For convenience I have created the RPM (please do not link directly to this file): msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh msttcore-fonts-2.0-3.noarch.rpm Note: Fedora encourages the use of the Liberation Fonts. These are installed by default (and included on the DVD). Top Resources Install Google Chrome 12 June 2012 Google's Chrome browser is a rapidly updated well maintained browser. I highly recommend it. One advantage using Chrome is that releases are not as tightly integrated to a specific version of Fedora (like Firefox). 1. Install Google Chrome YUM Repository [mirandam@charon Download]$ wget http://www.mjmwired.net/resources/files/google- chrome.repo [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo cp ./google-chrome.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/google-chrome.repo [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import https://dl- ssl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub 2. Install Google Chrome [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install google-chrome-stable Users who need Chrome's newer unstable or beta releases, can change the above stable to either beta or unstable. This is NOT recommended. ALTERNATE: Open Source Google Chrome: Chromium Some users may prefer to use the fully open source version of Chrome: Chromium. Chromium is built specifically for Fedora so it may run faster, use more shared components of the system and be tweaked with improved settings. This version however may not always be the latest. It is not recommended for all users. Both Chrome and Chromium can coexist on the same system without trouble. 1. Install spot's Chromium YUM Repository [mirandam@charon Download]$ wget http://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/spot/chromium-stable/fedora-chromium- stable.repo [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo cp ./fedora-chromium-stable.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/fedora-chromium-stable.repo 2. Install Chromium [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install chromium More information about Chromium is available on the Fedora Wiki. Chromium can coexist with Google Chrome. Top Resources Adobe Flash Plugin 15 October 2011 The Adobe Flash plugin is available from Adobe's website. Users should use Adobe's YUM repository (recommended). 1. Install Adobe YUM Repository 32-bit [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe- release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- adobe-linux 64-bit [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe- release/adobe-release-x86_64-1.0-1.noarch.rpm [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- adobe-linux 2. Install Flash Plugin [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install flash-plugin Restart Firefox or any Mozilla browsers. More information is available on the Fedora Wiki. Top Resources Java Runtime Environment 12 June 2012 Fedora should include support for Java via OpenJDK (based on the Oracle Java) and Icedtea web plugin. However if not, they can be installed using YUM: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install java-1.7.0-openjdk icedtea-web With OpenJDK/Icedtea installed, Java application and Web applets should automatically work. Unfortunately some applets may not run properly and the OpenJDK might have some limitations. Majority of user should find OpenJDK perfect for everyday use. Using Oracle Java Instead If you require Oracle Java or if OpenJDK does not work properly, you can download Sun Oracle Java and use it in Fedora. Download the Java package from: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html. Under Java Platform, Standard Edition, Select: Download JRE (the JDK is for Java developers) On the next page, accept the license agreement, then: For 32-bit users: select "Linux x86" jre-7u5-linux-i586.rpm For 64-bit users: select "Linux x64" jre-7u5-linux-x64.rpm To install: [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh jre-7u5-linux-i586.rpm -OR- [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh jre-7u5-linux-x64.rpm When running the java command, Fedora will default to using OpenJDK. In order to use Sun Java, use the alternatives command. To setup the Java runtime, perform the following (applies to both 32-bit and 64-bit users): [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/default/bin/java 20000 Setup the Mozilla/Firefox browser plugin. For 32-bit users: [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \ libjavaplugin.so /usr/java/default/lib/i386/libnpjp2.so 20000 For 64-bit users: [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --install /usr/lib64/mozilla/plugins/libjavaplugin.so \ libjavaplugin.so.x86_64 /usr/java/default/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so 20000 You may need to restart Firefox to see the plugin take effect. Note: If you wish to switch back to OpenJDK/Icedtea you can run the following commands one by one to switch between the OpenJDK and Oracle Java: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config java [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config libjavaplugin.so (or for 64-bit) [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo /usr/sbin/alternatives --config libjavaplugin.so.x86_64 To Update: If you wish update the JRE package, simply download the newest RPM package and install it as above. You will NOT need to reset alternatives, as those settings should remain intact. The following is all that should be needed (64-bit example): [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh jre-7u6-linux-x64.rpm More Information: Install Documentation for Linux. Top Resources Install Adobe Acrobat 04 November 2010 To view PDF files, Fedora recommends using either evince or okular. The following is for users requiring Adobe Acrobat Reader: For yum users: Install the Adobe YUM repository, and install through yum: [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm -ivh http://linuxdownload.adobe.com/adobe- release/adobe-release-i386-1.0-1.noarch.rpm [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo rpm --import /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY- adobe-linux [mirandam@charon Download]$ sudo yum install AdobeReader_enu NOTE: The above uses the English version: enu. To see which languages are supported by Adobe's YUM repository, run the following command: [mirandam@charon Download]$ yum list AdobeReader\* Other languages are installed similar to english for example: AdobeReader_fra, if you are unsure which package is correct, run: yum info AdobeReader_fra for more information. Otherwise install manually as described below. (Note: 64-bit users are recommended to use yum to resolve all the 32-bit i386 dependancies.) The version of Adobe Acrobat Reader currently is 9.X for English and the version and download size may vary depending on your language. Not all languages are supported under Linux or may not have updated versions. Top Resources Setup Samba - Filesharing with Windows 24 May 2011 If you have other Windows computers on your LAN and want to share files from Linux with them, you must setup Samba. To setup Samba you must (1) install samba, (2) add you 'shares', (3) add users, (4) start Samba service and (5) manage security options (Firewall and SELinux). 1. Install Samba [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo yum install samba samba-client cifs-utils Note: The cifs-utils package is not required. However it is very small and provides some useful utilities. 2. Add Shares You must edit /etc/samba/smb.conf as root: (use nano instead of gedit if you do not have a GUI) [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf Set your Windows Workgroup name in [global] section. Added shares at the end of the file. Example: [c_drive] path = /media/c_drive public = yes writable = no [netshare] path = /data/ public = yes writable = yes If 'writable' the location must be writable in Linux first. Additionally permissions must match (for example: drwxrw-rw-). If home data (all personal files under /home/username) is to be accessible, then set 'browseable = yes' under [homes] (~line 279). This configuration file is very descriptive, read through it to get more ideas or information. 3. Add Users To access shares, you must be a valid user. Add valid users AND passwords using the smbpasswd command. This login name WILL be the login name and password you use from Windows to access your Linux computer. The password does NOT need to match your Linux password. [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo smbpasswd -a username New SMB password: Retype new SMB password: Added user username. (Note: 'username' MUST be a valid account on the Fedora machine) 4. Start Samba Service [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl start smb.service nmb.service To make sure to run Samba each time Fedora boots: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl enable smb.service nmb.service Restart Samba for every change to users/passwords or 'smb.conf' [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo systemctl restart smb.service 5. Managing Security for Samba Firewall The Firewall will by default block Samba, to allow access run: [mirandam@charon ~]$ system-config-firewall To allow Samba access to work through the firewall you must set 'Samba' as a 'Trusted Service'. Alternatively if you are only using the shell and do not have access to a graphical X-server, you can run: [mirandam@charon ~]$ sudo system-config-firewall-tui To allow Samba access to work through the firewall, use to go to Customize. In the Trusted Services: scroll down to Samba, hit and use again to go to Close, then finally to OK. SELinux SELinux has significant control over restricting different parts of Samba. Run system-config- selinux. Please read lines #20 - #59 in /etc/samba/smb.conf for a better explanation. Alterna