ASME B18.21.3-2008 木结构用复式圆弹簧锁紧垫圈

Double Coil Helical Spring Lock Washers for Wood Structures A N A M E R I C A N N A T I O N A L S T A N D A R D ASME B18.21.3-2008 Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` , , , , , ` ` ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - ASME B18.21.3-2008 Double Coil Helical Spring Lock Washers for Wood Structures A N AM E R I C A N N AT I O N A L S TA N D A R D Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Date of Issuance: September 19, 2008 This Standard will be revised when the Society approves the issuance of a new edition. There will be no addenda issued to this edition. ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretations of technical aspects of this document. Periodically, certain actions of the ASME B18 Committee may be published as Cases. Cases and interpretations are published on the ASME Web site under the Committee Pages at http://cstools.asme.org as they are issued. ASME is the registered trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. This code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for American National Standards. The Standards Committee that approved the code or standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an opportunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that provides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large. ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability for infringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, is entirely their own responsibility. Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as government or industry endorsement of this code or standard. ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the established ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990 Copyright © 2008 by THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS All rights reserved Printed in U.S.A. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` , , , , , ` ` ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - www.bzfxw.com CONTENTS Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv Committee Roster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Correspondence With the B18 Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi 1 Introductory Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 2 General Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Figure 1 Washer Twist Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Tables 1 Dimensions for Double Coil Helical Spring Lock Washers for Wood Structures . . . . . . 3 2 Dimensions for Extended Travel Double Coil Helical Spring Lock Washers for Wood Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Decarburization Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 4 Standard Travel Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 5 Extended Travel Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 iii Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` , , , , , ` ` ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - www.bzfxw.com FOREWORD On November 29, 2006, a proposed draft for a new standard to cover double coil helical spring lock washers for high voltage wood structures was presented to the members present at the ASME B18 Subcommittee meetings. The Committee agreed that Subcommittee 21 should proceed with the proposed standard, eliminating the words “high voltage” so the standard could be used by anyone looking for a lock washer for wooden structures, with the designation being B18.21.3. ASME B18.21.3-2008 was approved by B18 Subcommittee 21 and the B18 Standards Committee on December 21, 2007. This Standard was approved by the American National Standards Institute on March 28, 2008. iv Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` , , , , , ` ` ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - www.bzfxw.com ASME B18 COMMITTEE Standardization of Bolts, Nuts, Rivets, Screws, Washers, and Similar Fasteners (The following is the roster of the Committee at the time of approval of this Standard.) STANDARDS COMMITTEE OFFICERS D. A. Clever, Chair R. D. Strong, Vice Chair S. W. Vass, Vice Chair R. L. Crane, Secretary STANDARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL V. Cartina, Consultant D. A. Clever, Deere & Co. A. P. Cockman, Ford Motor Co. R. L. Crane, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers A. C. DiCola, Wrought Washer Co. B. A. Dusina, Federal Screw Works J. S. Foote, Corresponding Member, Trade Association Management Inc. D. S. George, ND Industries J. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners Institute J. J. Grey, Corresponding Member, Fastener Consulting Services, Inc. B. Hasiuk, Corresponding Member, Defense Industrial Supply Center Philadelphia A. Herskovitz, Consultant J. Hubbard, Corresponding Member, Rockford Fastener, Inc. J. Jennings, Corresponding Member, Naval Surface Warfare Center SUBCOMMITTEE 21 — LOCK WASHERS W. H. Kopke, Chair, ITW Shakeproof D. A. Clever, Deere & Co. D. S. George, ND Industries J. Greenslade, Industrial Fasteners Institute v J. F. Koehl, Corresponding Member, Spirol International Group W. H. Kopke, ITW Shakeproof J. G. Langenstein, Member Emeritus, Consultant W. J. Lutkus, Heli-Coil Emhart D. McCrindle, Canadian Fasteners Institute M. D. Prasad, Corresponding Member, General Motors Corp. W. L. Sakowski, Account Managers, LLC S. Savoji, ITW Medalist W. R. Schevey, Corresponding Member, BGM Fastener Co., Inc. W. R. Stevens, Ramco R. D. Strong, General Motors Corp. S. W. Vass, Consultant C. B. Wackrow, Contributing Member, MNP Corp. W. K. Wilcox, Consultant C. B. Williamson, Fastenal Co. C. J. Wilson, Consultant R. B. Wright, Corresponding Member, Wright Tool Co. J. G. Zeratsky, National Rivet & Manufacturing Co. A. Herskovitz, Consultant C. B. Williamson, Fastenal Co. C. J. Wilson, Consultant Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE B18 COMMITTEE General. ASME Standards are developed and maintained with the intent to represent the consensus of concerned interests. As such, users of this Standard may interact with the Committee by requesting interpretations, proposing revisions, and attending Committee meetings. Corre- spondence should be addressed to: Secretary, B18 Standards Committee The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Three Park Avenue New York, NY 10016-5990 Proposing Revisions. Revisions are made periodically to the Standard to incorporate changes that appear necessary or desirable, as demonstrated by the experience gained from the application of the Standard. Approved revisions will be published periodically. The Committee welcomes proposals for revisions to this Standard. Such proposals should be as specific as possible, citing the paragraph number(s), the proposed wording, and a detailed description of the reasons for the proposal, including any pertinent documentation. Proposing a Case. Cases may be issued for the purpose of providing alternative rules when justified, to permit early implementation of an approved revision when the need is urgent, or to provide rules not covered by existing provisions. Cases are effective immediately upon ASME approval and shall be posted on the ASME Committee Web page. Requests for Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information. The request should identify the standard, the paragraph, figure or table number(s), and be written as a Question and Reply in the same format as existing Cases. Requests for Cases should also indicate the applicable edition(s) of the standard to which the proposed Case applies. Interpretations. Upon request, the B18 Standards Committee will render an interpretation of any requirement of the Standard. Interpretations can only be rendered in response to a written request sent to the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee. The request for an interpretation should be clear and unambiguous. It is further recommended that the inquirer submit his/her request in the following format: Subject: Cite the applicable paragraph number(s) and the topic of the inquiry. Edition: Cite the applicable edition of the Standard for which the interpretation is being requested. Question: Phrase the question as a request for an interpretation of a specific requirement suitable for general understanding and use, not as a request for an approval of a proprietary design or situation. The inquirer may also include any plans or drawings, which are necessary to explain the question; however, they should not contain proprietary names or information. Requests that are not in this format may be rewritten in the appropriate format by the Committee prior to being answered, which may inadvertently change the intent of the original request. ASME procedures provide for reconsideration of any interpretation when or if additional information that might affect an interpretation is available. Further, persons aggrieved by an interpretation may appeal to the cognizant ASME Committee or Subcommittee. ASME does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity. Attending Committee Meetings. The B18 Standards Committee regularly holds meetings, which are open to the public. Persons wishing to attend any meeting should contact the Secretary of the B18 Standards Committee. vi Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS - - ` , ` ` ` ` , ` ` , , , , , ` ` ` , , , ` ` , ` ` , , , , ` - ` - ` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` - - - ASME B18.21.3-2008 DOUBLE COIL HELICAL SPRING LOCK WASHERS FOR WOOD STRUCTURES 1 INTRODUCTORY NOTES 1.1 Scope This Standard covers the dimensional and physical properties and methods of testing for double coil helical spring lock washers for wood structures. NOTE: The word lock appearing in the name of the product in this Standard is a generic term historically associated with the product’s identification and is not intended to imply an indefinite permanency of fixity in attachments where the fasteners are used. 1.2 Comparison to ISO Standards No comparable ISO standards exist for this part. 1.3 Dimensions All dimensions in this Standard are in inches and apply to unplated or uncoated product. 1.4 Options Options, if required, shall be agreed upon by the pur- chaser and the manufacturer or distributor. 1.5 Terminology For definitions of terminology not specifically defined in this Standard, refer to ASME B18.12. 1.6 Referenced Standards Unless otherwise specified, the standards referenced shall be the most recent at the time of the order placement. ASME B18.12, Glossary of Terms for Mechanical Fasteners ASME B18.18.1, Inspection and Quality Assurance for General Purpose Fasteners ASME B18.21.1, Lock Washers (Inch Series) ASME B18.24, Part Identifying Number (PIN) Code System Standard for B18 Fastener Products Publisher: The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), Three Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990; Order Department: 22 Law Drive, P.O. Box 2300, Fairfield, NJ 07007-2300 ASTM B 117, Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Apparatus ASTM E 140, Standard Hardness Conversion Tables of Metals (Relationship Among Brinell Hardness, 1 Vickers Hardness, Rockwell Hardness, Rockwell Superficial Hardness, Knoop Hardness, and Scleroscope Hardness) Publisher: ASTM International (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959 SAE J403, Chemical Composition of SAE Carbon Steels SAE J411, Carbon and Alloy Steels SAE J419, Methods of Measuring Decarburization Publisher: The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096- 0001 1.7 Related Standards Related lock washers and tests are included in ASME B18.21.1. 1.8 Designation Nominal washer sizes are intended for use with com- parable nominal screw, bolt, and/or nut sizes. Fasteners conforming to this Standard shall be designated by the following data and sequence: (a) product name (b) ASME document number (c) nominal size EXAMPLE: Double coil helical spring lock washers for wood structures, ASME B18.21.3, 5⁄8 in. 1.9 Part Identifying Number For a part identifying number, refer to ASME B18.24. 2 GENERAL DATA 2.1 Application The double coil helical spring lock washers for wood structures covered in this Standard are intended to be used with a curved flat washer or the standard hardware practice of the user against the wood. While not essen- tial, it is a good practice to use a standard round washer between the double coil helical spring lock washer and the nut, then tighten the nut in accordance with the users’ standard practice, and back off the nut 1⁄4 (90 deg) turn. This is important to maintain an acceptable pres- sure on the hardware and the wood fibers which may shrink or swell during varying weather conditions. Copyright ASME International Provided by IHS under license with ASME Licensee=FMC Technologies /5914950002 Not for Resale, 05/13/2009 00:36:00 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --`,````,``,,,,,```,,,``,``,,,,`-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- ASME B18.21.3-2008 Although these washers were designed specifically for use on bolts in wooden assemblies (poles, crossarms, etc.), they can also be used for general applications where a heavy duty double coil washer is needed. 2.2 Dimensions The dimensions of standard and extended travel dou- ble coil helical spring lock washers for wood structures are specified in Tables 1 and 2 and are before coating. Selections should be made from standard or extended travel series in Tables 1 and 2, respectively, to suit design requirements. 2.3 Material and Hardness 2.3.1 Material Composition. Washers shall be made from material meeting the chemical composition requirements of the following standards: (a) up to and including 3⁄4 in. carbon steel — SAE J403 1055-1065 (UNS G10550-G10650) (b) 7⁄8 in. and above boron steel — SAE J411 10B55- 10B65 2.3.2 Hardness. All washer section hardness requirements are 38 HRC to 46 HRC, 372 HV to 458 HV. To prepare washers for checking the material hardness, cut washer approximately in half so only one coil is used. Cold (water) grind or file both sides sufficiently flat and parallel to ensure a correct reading. If applicable, be sure to remove the decarburized and coated surface. During this operation, care shall be exercised to prevent the surface temperature from exceeding 250°F. Refer to ASTM E 140 for hardness conversion. 2.3.3 Decarburization. Carbon steel and boron steel shall meet the limits for decarburization shown in Table 3. The method for testing limits shall conform to SAE J419. 2.4 Washer Section The corners at the inner and outer peripheries of the washers shall be slightly rounded. The section of the finished washer shall be slightly trapezoidal with thick- ness at the inner periphery greater than the thickness at the outer periphery by a minimum of 0.0005 in. to a maximum of 0.001 in. per 0.0156 in. of the section width. The minimum section thickness specified in the dimen- sional tables represents the nominal mean thickness, T, of the trapezoid. The tolerance on the nominal mean thickness of the trapezoid shall be subject to the following: Size Tolerance 3⁄8 to 5⁄8 ±0.015 3⁄4 to 1 ±0.025 2 2.5 Coiling Washers shall be coiled so that the gap between coils shall be such as to prevent washers from linking. The severed ends of the washers are to be cut so that the ends are less then two full coils as shown in Tables 1 and 2, dimension C. 2.6 Workmanship The flat surfaces (faces) of the double coil helical spring lock washers shall be free from such surface imperfections as knurling, serrations, die marks, deep scratches, loose scale, burrs, or other irregularities that would affect serviceability. Moderate feed roll marks shall be permissible on the outer periphery. 2.7 Grinding The face on both severed ends of the washer shall be ground prior to heat treating to provide a flat surface on each side as shown in Tables 1 and 2, dimensions D and F. 2.8 Finish All washers shall be mechanically coated and shall meet a minimum of 1,500 hr to red rust when tested in accordance with ASTM B 117. 2.9 Twist Test To prepare washers for twist testing, cut the washer approximately in half so only one coil is used. The washer shall be gripped in vice jaws. The ends of the washer shall be free, and the axis passing through the slot shall be parallel to and slightly above the top of the vice so that less then 50% of the washer is gripped. A 90 deg maximum segment of the free end of the washer shall be gripped in wrench jaws so that at least 25% of the washer is exposed when twisting, as shown in Fig. 1. The edges of the wrench jaws shall be in a plane parallel to the vice. Twisting the