卡耐基SSD9选择题呕心沥血之作

1．Acceptance testing can be performed by which of the following? The client The developer under supervision of a client's representative An SQA group hired by the client (a) I and III only (b) II and III only (c) I and II only (d) I, II, and III Correct answer is (d) 2. What is the goal of software engineering? (a) The development of software that conforms to international standards (b) The application of engineering techniques to software production (c) The replacement of hand coding by automatic programming (d) The production of fault-free software that satisfies the user's needs and that is delivered on time and within budget Correct answer is (d) 3. Which of the following is true about the history of software development? (a) The "software depression" began in the 1950s. (b) The Corps of Engineers helped software developers engineer their products. (c) A software crisis emerged in the 1970s and has persisted to this day. (d) Software development was problematic in the beginning, but most of the problems have now been solved. Correct answer is (c) 4. Which of the following accurately characterizes the pace of development of software and hardware technology? (a) The pace of development is currently about the same in software and hardware technology. (b) Hardware technology progressed very quickly but now software technology is catching up to it. (c) Progress in hardware technology is led by improvements in developing software technology. (d) Hardware technology is outpacing software technology. （赶超） Correct answer is (d) 5. In which of the following phases of software development is fixing a fault normally less costly than in any of the others? (a) The integration phase (b) The design phases (c) The implementation phase (d) The maintenance phase Correct answer is (b) 6. Which of the following normally happens during the integration phase of software development? (a) The product is interfaced with other software the client uses. (b) The product is adapted to the client's hardware. (c) The entire product is tested. (d) The individual modules are tested. Correct answer is (c) 7. Creating software that is probably buggy to some extent but which is produced at minimal cost and in minimal time is sometimes acceptable when the (a) software will be used by external customers (b) code is written in Java (c) software will be used only once (d) code is part of a toolkit product Correct answer (c) 8. In the context of software engineering, which of the following definitions are true? A failure is the behavior perceived by the user that results from a fault in program code. A fault is an actual problem in program code that is causing a failure. An error is a programmer's mistake that led to a fault in program code. (a) I only (b) II and III only (c) I, II, and III (d) I and II only Correct answer is (c) 9. Which of the following terms are used to indicate a particular approach or set of techniques for accomplishing one or more specific phases in the software development life cycle? A paradigm A methodology A method (a) I and II only (b) II and III only (c) I, II, and III (d) I and III only Correct answer (a) 10. In the context of software engineering, what is a system? (a) A combination of software products (b) Any software product that can be used without any other software (c) Any set of hardware components on which a software product will run (d) The combination of hardware and software that runs the product Correct answer is (d) 11. Which of the following is true about assessment of software quality? (a) It is normally directed by the user at all stages. (b) It is normally the last step before delivery. (c) Alpha testing is the first step of such assessment. (d) It should be performed throughout the development process. Correct answer is (d) 12. It has been said that software should be engineered like bridges. Of the following, which best describes the value of this analogy? (a) Software crashes are never as important as bridge failures, so the analogy is meaningless. (b) Software design and development should be planned with the same care that is put into designing and building bridges. (c) Building software is so different from building bridges that the analogy should be totally rejected. (d) Building software is quite similar to building bridges, so many aspects of software design and development should be closely modeled on bridge design and construction. Correct answer is (b) 13. Which of the following activities takes place during the specification phase of software development? (a) Production of the requirements document (b) Creation of test suites (c) Creation of modular architecture (d) Production of estimates of overall cost and schedule Correct answer is (d) 14. What is meant by the life cycle of a software product? (a) The repetitive nature of software testing (b) The period of time that a software product is in service (c) The phases that a software product goes through, from idea to obsolescence（废弃） (d) The cycling through phases of specification, design, implementation, and testing Correct answer is (c) 15. Over the entire life cycle of a software product, which phase typically takes the most time? (a) Design (b) Implementation (c) Maintenance (d) Specification Correct answer is (c) 16. In the context of software engineering, what is a product? (a) Any nontrivial piece of hardware on which software is to be developed (b)Any document directed to the client that is produced during software development (c) Any nontrivial piece of software （不平凡的） (d) The output of a life-cycle phase Correct answer is (c) 17. In a software product development context, the developer is the (a) individual or organization that pays for the product (b) individual or organization that specifies the software product (c) individual or organization that creates the software product (d) audience for the product Correct answer is (c) 18. Which of the following statements is true of requirements during software development? (a) They must be fully specified before coding. (b) They should be developed as coding takes place. (c) Changes in requirements can be easily accommodated after the formal requirements phase. (d) They are normally changed to match the code already produced. Correct answer is (a) 19. Which of the following are true of the early days of software development? Programming was dominated by considerations of hardware capabilities. Programming was considered a science. In most programming projects, software development was carefully planned before coding would begin. (a) III only (b) II only (c) I only (d) II and III only Correct answer is (c) 20. Identifying and discussing customer constraints is the primary activity during which of the following phases of software development? (a) Design (b) Requirements analysis c) Specification (d) Maintenance Correct answer (b) 21. Which of the following is characteristic of internal software development? (a) The client and the developer are in the same organization. (b) The client and the user are in independent organizations. (c) The client and the developer are in independent organizations. (d) The developer and the user are in independent organizations. Correct answer is (a) 22.Which of the following normally happens during the implementation phase of software development? (a) Modules are coded and then the modular architecture is revised. (b) Modules are coded but not tested. (c) Modules and architecture are documented. (d) Modules are coded and tested. Correct answer is (d) 23.Which of the following characterizes contract software development? (a) The client and the user are in independent organizations. (b) The client and the developer are in the same organization. (c) The developer and the user are in the same organization. (d) The client and the developer are in independent organizations. Correct answer is (d) 24. Which of the following participate in a formal review of the specifications document for a software project? The developer's SQA group The client The specification team a) I and II only (b) III only (c) II and III only (d) I, II, and III Correct answer is (d) 25. Which of the following is an important trade-off that must be kept in mind during the design phase of software development? (a) Generality vs. duration (b) Generality vs. complexity (复杂性) (c) Complexity vs. cost (d) Duration vs. cost Correct answer is (b) 26.Which of the following are produced during the implementation phase of software development? Code Module documentation Testing documentation (a) I, II, and III (b) I and II only (c) I and III only (d) I only Correct answer is (a) 27. In a software development project, acceptance testing is performed by the (a) client on the client's hardware with actual data (b) developer on the client's hardware with actual data (c) client on the client's hardware with test data (d) client on the developer's hardware with actual data Correct answer is (a) 30. Regression testing(回归测试) for a software development project is testing to determine whether (a)any modules inside a changed component still communicate correctly (b)a component that was unchanged during changes to other components still performs correctly (c)a module or product hasn't lost code (d)a problem that instigated an attempted fix has indeed been fixed Correct answer is (b) 31. A build-and-fix（边做边改模型） model for software development is appropriate in which of the following instances? (a) The product will have a short lifetime. (b) The customer is willing to pay the money. (c) The customer cannot enunciate the requirements. (d) The product is small and the requirements are simple and well defined. Correct answer (d) 32. The waterfall model（瀑布模型） includes _____; the phases are carried out _____. (a) all development phases except retirement, sequentially (b) the full set of development phases, sequentially(连续的) (c) the full set of development phases, in parallel (d) all development phases except retirement, in parallel Correct answer is (b) 33. Which of the following are true of the typical rapid prototype（敏捷原型或者快速原型模型）? It is built quickly. It is robust. It is built with the expectation that it will be changed. (a) I, II, and III (b) I and II only (c) I only (d) I and III only Correct answer is (d) 34. Under the incremental model（增量模型）, the danger of too many builds is that (a) the client will feel free to change the requirements too often (b) too much time will be spent testing the incremental functionality (c) the developer will not have enough resources (d) the product will not be tested thoroughly enough at each release Correct answer is (b) 35. Which of the following are true of the synchronize-and-stabilize（同步和稳定模型） model of software development? The implementation is divided into 3 to 4 builds. A single team works on each build. It has been used by Microsoft. (a) II only (b) I only (c) I and III only (d) I, II, and III Correct answer is (c) 36. Which of the following activities are included in a cycle of the spiral? Determining objectives, alternatives, constraints Evaluating alternatives, and identifying/resolving risks Planning the next phase (a) II and III only (b) II only (c) I and II only (d) I, II, and III Correct answer is (d) 37.Which of the following is true of the unconstrained（无约束的） application of an object-oriented life-cycle model（面向对象的生命周期模型）? (a) It is likely primarily in products implemented in Java. (b) It will not work for all object-oriented products. (c) It may lead to undisciplined development. (d) It focuses excessively on the pre-implementation phases. Correct answer is (c) 38. Frequent integration testing（整合测试或者集成测试[我也不知道是哪个]） is a feature of the (a) synchronize-and-stabilize model (b) waterfall model (c) spiral model (d) incremental model Correct answer is (a) 39. For a software development project, what does it mean for specifications to be traceable(规格可追溯)? (a) Every statement in the specifications document is linked to a statement in the requirements document. (b) Each section in the specifications document explicitly describes how this section depends on other sections. (c) Every statement in the specifications document is well justified and tied to other statements. (d) Each section in the specifications document is signed and dated by a member of the specification team. Correct answer is (a) 40. Which of the following is true of maintenance(维护) in software development? (a) It is an integral part of the software process.（整体的） (b) It typically begins a few years after the original delivery. (c) It is something to be avoided, wherever and whenever possible. (d) It is typically performed by the user. Correct answer is (a) 41.Which of the following are true of the build-and-fix model（边做边改模型） of software development? Several iterations of building and reviewing are typically required. Two or three iterations of the product are typically sufficient. The product is typically built without specifications or preceding design. (a) I only (b) II only (c) II and III only (d) I and III only Correct answer is (d) 42.Until the 1980s, the only widely accepted life-cycle model of software development was the (a) Build-and-fix model (b) Rapid prototyping model (c) Spiral model (d) Waterfall model Correct answer is (d) 43. Which of the following are true of rapid prototyping（快速原型模型或者敏捷原型）? It can serve as a focal point for discussing requirements with the client. It can help shorten product development by allowing the developer to bypass the design phase. It can help mitigate technical risk by uncovering unforeseen problems with the proposed technology. (a) I, II, and III (b) III only (c) I only (d) I and III only Correct answer is (d) 44. The incremental model（增量模型） may degenerate into（退化成）the build-and-fix（边做边改模型）approach under which of the following circumstances? The overall development time becomes too long. There are too many builds. The requirements change too rapidly. (a) II and III only (b) III only (c) II only (d) I and II only Correct answer is (b) 45.Which of the following advantages are true of the synchronize-and-stabilize（同步和稳定） model of software development? Testing occurs early and often. There is always a working version, although it may be incomplete. There is early feedback on design. (a) I, II, and III (b) II and III only (c) I and III only (d) II only Correct answer is (a) 46. A crucial factor in the success of the spiral model（螺旋模型） is (a) ability of software developers to estimate risk accurately（风险评估） (b) willingness of the client to live with some uncertainty (c) flexibility of the client's requirements (d) ability to develop a prototype for each phase Correct answer is (a) 47. One life-cycle model that incorporates features of all other models is the (a) spiral model (b) synchronize-and-stabilize model (c) waterfall model (d) fountain model Correct answer is (a) 48.Which of the following is true of the requirements document for a software project? (a) It is a basis for the specification document. (b) It is a legally binding contract between the client and the developer. (c) It includes detailed cost estimates. (d) It will not change through the life cycle of the software product. Correct answer is (a) 49. Which of the following defines traceability of the design document? (a) Each design choice, except choices of low-level detail, must be described by the relevant data structures and algorithms. (b) Each design choice, except choices of low-level detail, must be linked to statements in the specifications document, and each statement in the specification document must be reflected in some aspect of the design. (c) Each design choice, except choices of low-level detail, must be attributed to a particular member of the design team. (d) Each design choice, except choices of low-level detail, must be linked to statements in the requirements document and each statement in the requirements document must be reflected in some aspect of the design. Correct answer is (b) 50. Which of the following kinds of documentation should be produced as part of the implementation phase of software development? The user-reference manual A test document describing all the test cases for implementation A description of all interfaces (a) I and II only (b) II and III only (c) I, II, and III (d) III only Correct answer is (b) 51. Which of the following is true of alpha and beta testing of a shrink-wrapped software product（套装的软件产品）? (a) Alpha testing occurs onsite and beta testing occurs offsite. (b) Both are rare. (c) Both occur in-house. (d) Both occur at potential future customers' sites. Correct answer is (d) 52. Which of the following changes are typically carried out during the maintenance phase of the software life cycle? Problem fixes Addition of functionality Improvements in performance (a) I and II only (b) I only (c) I and III only (d) I, II, and III Correct answer is (d) 53. Which of the following disadvantages are true of the build-and-fix model of software development? Flaws in specifications, design, and implementation are typically not discovered until the whole thing is complete. Changes to completed modules will typically be much more expensive than changes to other models. The product is typically difficult to understand and maintain. (a) I, II, and III (b) I and III only (c) I and II only (d) III only Correct answer is (a) 54. A defining characteristic of the waterfall model（瀑布模型） is that (a) it supports influence from earlier phases to later phases (b) implementation and integration usually occur in parallel (c) implementation cannot begin until specifications are completed (d) it supports feedback from later phases to earlier phases Correct answer is (d) 55. For a software development project, a good way of making sure that the client's needs are met is to use the (a) build-and-fix model (b) rapid prototyping model (c) synchronize-and-stabilize model (d) incremental model Correct answer is (b) 56. What is the most important reason for producing documentation for program code for a software product? (a) The people who maintain the code need documentation to understand it. (b) The client will not accept undocumented code. (c) Code documentation is necessary for design. (d) Documentation is part of the requirements for the software product. Correct answer (a) 57. Which of the following are true of one-of-a-kind software product development? Alpha testing takes place in a controlled environment. Beta testing takes place at the developer's site. Alpha testing takes place at the client's site. (a) I and III only (b) I only (c) I and II only (d) III only Correct answer is (b) 58. Dangers of rapid prototyping include which of the following? The client may come to expect that the final product can be changed as easily as the prototype. Developers