Eight translation techniques
1．增译法(amplification)；
2．重译法(repetition)；
3．减译法(omission)；
4．词类转移法(conversion)；
5．词序调整法(inversion)：
6．分译法(division)；
7．正说反译，反说正译 (negation)；
8．语态变换法(the change of the voices)
Group competition
1．I am looking forward to the holidays．
我在等待假日的到来.
2．Much of our morality is customary．
我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。
3．Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness，affection weakness，thrift avarice．
勇敢过度，即成蛮勇；感情过度，即成溺爱；俭约过度，即成贪婪。
4. Histories make men wise；poets witty；the mathematics subtle；natural philosophy deep；moral grave；logic and rhetoric able to contend.
读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞使人善辩。
5. As an Oriental，I cannot but be proud of your historic achievement．
作为一个东方人，我不得不为贵国所取得的历史性成就感到骄傲。
Amplification 增译法
Three types: Semantic amplification,
Grammatical amplification,
Rhetoric amplification
Semantic amplification
1. The crowds melted away
人群渐渐散开了 .
2. We were all greatly moved by his loftiness.
我们都被他那种崇高品质所深深感染 .
3. He felt the patriot rise within his breast.
他感到一种爱国热情在胸中激荡.
loftiness patriot: 英语习惯运用抽象词汇，而汉语习惯运用具体词汇 将 “抽象概念变为具体概念”，
类似词汇如： arrogance, indifference, tension，confusion, solution, remedies, jealousy, fault-finding
增补概括性的词
1. The advantages of the meeting room are bright, spacious, fashionable, and without echoes.
这个会议室有四大优点：明亮、宽敞、时髦、无回声。
2. The Americans and the Russians have undergone series of secret consultations.
美俄双方已进行了一系列的秘密磋商.
3. Henry Kissinger had slept there before，in July and again in October．
这之前，基辛格在7月和10月两度在那里下榻。
增补表示复数概念的词
Mr. Hobbs didn’t talk over my suggestions with his brother until yesterday afternoon．
直到昨天下午霍布斯先生才跟他兄弟讨论了我的各项建议。
Consider my auto-repairman，again．He had a habit of telling me jokes whenever he saw me．
你再想想我的汽车修理师吧。他有个习惯，每次见到我都要跟我讲些笑话。
Grammatical amplification
1. The old man said, “They say his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are.”
老人说，“听人说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许和我们现在一样穷。”
2. I had never thought I’d be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was.
以往我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我是无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况确是如此 。
3. A ring road lies on the site of an old city wall which has been moved.
旧的城墙已经拆掉，原来的墙址上修了一条环城马路.
4. According to our record，your corporation bought substantial quantity of chemicals from us．Unfortunately the business between us.
根据我们的记录，贵公司过去购买我们的化工产品的数量相当可观，可惜近年来业务一度中断了。
5. Man，was，is and always will be trying to improve his living conditions．
人类过去、现在而且将来总是在尽力改善生活条件。
was as poor as we are. Had never thought has been moved…采用“语法时间状语或语气助词”添词
增补连词
1. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward，whereas conceit makes one lag behind．
2. 跑了和尚跑不了庙。
The monk may run away，but the temple can’t run away with him.
3. 留得青山在，不怕没柴烧。
So long as green hills remain，there will never be a shortage of fire-wood．
Rhetoric amplification
1. They were, in fact, very fine ladies; not deficient in good-humor when they were pleased, nor in the power of being agreeable when they chose it; but proud and conceited.
事实上，她们都是非常优雅的女士；她们并不是不会谈笑风生，问题是要碰到她们高兴的时候；她们也不是不会待人和颜悦色，问题在于她们是否乐意这样做；可惜的是，她们一味骄傲自大.
2. The fan，with its modern，elegant，bright，and harmoniously colored design，is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purposes on hot summer days．
本电扇款式新颖，造型雅致，色彩鲜艳，色泽调和。是炎炎夏日消暑纳凉之家电精品。
Question for thought
What is the purpose of using amplification in translation?
A) To make the version natural and fluent
B) To achieve rhetoric effects
C) To adequately render the original meaning
Repetition 重复法
1) The relation between Repetition and Amplification: repetition is one subgroup of amplification .
2) The purposes of repetition in translation:
a) To clarify
b) To emphasize
c) To make the translation vivid
3) The types of repetition
a) To repeat nouns
b) To repeat verbs
c) To repeat pronouns
重复名词
1.1 英语中作宾语的名词
1. Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
我们来修订安全规则和卫生规则吧.
2. I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.
我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障的情况。
3. They begin to study and analyze the situation of the enemy.
他们开始研究敌情，分析敌情。
1.2 重复英语中作表语的名词
1. He became an oil baron——all by himself.
他成了一个石油大王——一个白手起家的石油大王
2. This has been our position——but not theirs.
这一直是我们的立场——而不是他们的立场。
3. John is your friend as much as he is mine
约翰既是你的朋友，又是我的朋友。
1.3 重复英语前置词短语前所省略的名词
1. The doctor will get more practice out of me than out of seventeen hundred ordinary patients.
医生从我身上得到的实践，会比从一千七百个普通病人身上得到的实践还多。
2. The story of Urges is a story of groans and tears, of poor human beings destroyed by the capitalist industrial machine.
尤吉丝的故事是一篇充满呻吟和泪水的故事，是资本主义工业机器摧残不幸人们/穷人的故事.
1.4 重复英语中作先行词的名词
1. They have staged demonstrations and distributed petitions which inevitably find their way to foreign correspondents posted in Moscow.
他们举行了游行示威，散发了请愿书，而这些请愿书必定会传到驻莫斯科的外国记者们手中。
2. The little apprentice in particular lived in terror of the boss, who had borne down on him so often and so hard that there was little left.
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1.5重复同位语先行词
1. All of these arrangements were a prelude to the ball, the hostess ultimate expectation.
所有这些安排都只是这次舞会的序曲，舞会才是女主人的最终的期待。
2. Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity.
水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电源。
重复动词
2.1 英语句子常用一个动词连接几个宾语或表语，在译文中往往要重复这个动词。
1. is he a friend or an enemy?
他是个朋友呢， 还是个仇人？
2. The blow hurt not only his hands but his shoulder too.
这一下不仅震痛了他的手，也震痛了他的肩膀。
3. For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my brother.
足足有十分钟之久，他既骂我，又骂我的兄弟。
2.2 英语句子中动词后有前置词时，在第二次第三次往往只用前置词而省略动词，在译文中则要重复动词以代替英语中重复的前置词。
1. We talked of ourselves, of our prospects, of the journey, of the weather, of each other-of everything but our host and hostess.
我们谈到自己，谈到前途，谈到旅程，谈到天气，谈到彼此的情况——谈到一切，只是不谈我们的男女主人。
2.3 英语中前置词也省略了，但译文中仍可以重复动词。
1. But his wife kept dinning in his ears about his idleness, his carelessness, and the ruin he was bringing on his Family.
可是他老婆不断地在他耳朵边唠叨个没完，说他懒惰，说他粗心，并且说他的一家人都要毁在他的身上。
2. They wanted to determine if he complied with the terms of his employment and his obligations as an American.
他们想要确定，他是否遵守了劳动
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重复代词
3.1 英语中用代词的地方，翻译时往往可按汉语习惯重复其所代替的名词。
1. Jesse opened his eyes. They were filled with tears.
杰西睁开眼睛，眼里充满了泪水。
2. He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败，并且藐视别人的失败。
3.2英语中用物主代词its, his, their等等以代替句中作主语的名词（有时附有修饰语）时，翻译时往往可以不用代词而重复其作主语的名词，以达到明确具体的目的。
1. Happy families also had their own troubles.
幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼.
2. Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines
强国有强国的策略，小国也有小国的路线.
3.3英语中强势关系代词或强势关系副词whoever, whenever, wherever等等，翻译时往往使用重复处理法。
1. Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
谁犯了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。
2. Come to my office and have a talk with me whenever you are free
你们什么时候有空，就什么时候到我办公室来谈一谈。
3.4英语用 some...and others...(some...,others...)连用的句子，译成汉语时主语往往是谓语重复形式“的”字结构，有时也可以用“有的...有的... ”句式。
1. Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside.
上大学的，上大学了，下乡的，下乡了。（=有的上大学了，有的下乡了）
2. On Sunday afternoon, some reviewed their lessons, and others helped the cooks in their work.
星期日下午，复习功课的复习功课，帮厨的帮厨，
3. Some played soccer and others played basketball.
踢足球的，踢足球去了，打篮球的，打篮球去了。
3.5 为了使译文明确具体，除了上面谈到的一些重复手段外，还有一种情况，英文原文没有重复，汉译时采用一种在内容上而不是在形式上的重复手段。
1. He wanted to send them more aid, more weapons and a few more men.
他想给他们提供更多的援助，运送更多的武器，派遣更多的士兵。/增加些援助，增添些武器，增派些人员。
2. Our reception in China, he would tell people, "was enormously gracious and polite"; we were treated "extraordinarily well", the talks were "very businesslike, very precise, no rhetoric on either side"
他逢人便说，中国接待我们“非常周到，客气极了”，给我们的待遇“好的不得了”，会谈“非常务实，非常明确，双方都不说空话”。
3. He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.
他既精于飞行，又善于导航。
为了强调，英语句子中往往重复关键性的词，以使读者留下深刻的印象，英译汉时往往可以采用同样的重复手段。
1. 英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以保持同样的词的重复。
e.g. (a) He wandered about in the chill rain, thinking and thinking, brooding and brooding.
他在凄雨中徘徊来徘徊去，想了又想，盘算了又盘算。
(b) He demanded total loyalty, not loyalty in the traditional sense, not positive loyalty, but total loyalty, not just to office or party, or concept, but loyalty first and foremost to Lyndon Johnson
他要求的是绝对忠诚，不是传统意义的忠诚，也不是一般的忠诚，而是绝对的忠诚，不只是对职务，政党或观念的忠诚，而是首先对约翰逊的忠诚.
(c) They had to stand there in that heat, watching me go in, come out, come out, go in and never saying anything."
他们顶着酷暑站在那里，眼巴巴看着我进去出来,出来进去, 却一言不发.
英语对仗句的前后两部分中往往有词的重复，译成汉语时，对仗句一般可以保持同样的词的重复。
a) Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.
以眼还眼，以牙还牙.
b) Out of sight, out of mind.
眼不见，心不念.
2英语原文中有词的重复，译成汉语有时可以用同义词重复之。
a) They would read and re-read the secret notes.
他们往往一遍又一遍地反复琢磨这些密件.
b) "I know you hate me and I hate you, we had better part right now"
“我知道你恨我，我也嫌你，咱们最好即刻就分手吧。”
英语原文中即使没有词的重复，翻译时为了使译文生动，有时候可以采用下列各种重复手段。
1. 运用两个四字词组
a) But there had been too much publicity about my case.
但我的事现在已经搞的满城风雨，人人皆知了。
b) Target priorities were established there.
目标的轻重缓急，孰先孰后，是在那里决定的
2. 运用词的重迭
a) I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing.
我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡，直言无隐.
b) His children, too, were as ragged and wild as if they belonged to nobody.
他的那些孩子，也是穿的破破烂烂，粗野调皮，就像没人管教似的.
3. 运用四字对偶词组
a) It was a bright September afternoon, and the streets of New York were brilliant with Moving men.
九月的一个下午,阳光明媚，纽约的街头上，人来人往，五光十色。
b) Whatever initial worries we had about the plane soon vanished.
不管开始时我们对这架飞机有什么不放心，这种顾虑不久就烟消云散了
c) If this was a time of triumph for the many, it was a painful Period for the few.
这是一个多数人兴高采烈之日，却是少数人伤心失意之时。
Omission省译法
According to the principle “faithfulness”, we know a translator has no right to subtract any meaning from the original work. But it doesn’t mean that translators should refrain from omitting any words at all in translation.
The types of omission in E- C translation
1) to omit personal pronoun
1. One must make painstaking efforts before one can succeed in mastering a foreign language.
要掌握一门外语非下苦功不可。
2. Order is order, we can’t complain, we can’t bargain, we can’t question and we can’t suggest changes.
命令就是命令，不得抱怨，不得讨价还价，不得质疑，不得建议修改。
2）To omit article
1. The sun is setting down beyond the western hill. 日落西山。
2. The fear of being alone is a primary reason they are staying together.
对孤独的恐惧是他们走到一起的最主要原因.
3）To omit impersonal pronoun
1. This formula makes it easy to determine the wavelength of sounds.
这一公式使得测定声音的波长十分简单.
2. Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.
外面一团漆黑，下着倾盆大雨。
4）to omit verbs
1. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。
2. He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall of China is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。
5) To omit preposition
1. With the weather so stuffy, ten to one it will rain presently. 天这么闷，很可能就要下雨了。
2. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.0008.
氢是最轻的元素，原子量为1,0008.
6）to omit conjunction
1. The sun is bright and the sky is clear. 阳光明媚，晴空万里。
The purposes of omission in E-C translation:
a. To avoid unnecessary repetition;
b. to achieve the effect of succinctness;
c. to beautify the version rhetorically.
The types of omission in C - E translation
1) Omission of Redundant Words(赘词)
1.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.
2）Omission of Words Conceptual Category(概念范畴词)
1.这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。 All these are contradictions among the people.
2.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出援助之手。
After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.
3）Omission of Meticulous Description(细节描述)
1.花园里面是人间的乐园，有的是吃不了的大米白面，穿不完的绫罗绸缎，花不完的金银财宝.
The garden was a paradise on earth, with more food and clothes than could be consumed more money than could be spent.
Conversion 词类转移法
The definition of Conversion: conversion means the change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between Chinese and English, it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original parts of speech in the process of translation.
一 The conversion of English nouns
①nouns to verbs
1. One after another, speakers called for the downfall of imperialism, abolition of exploitation of man by man, liberation of the oppressed of the world.
发言人相继表示要打倒帝国主义，消灭人剥削人的
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，解放全世界被压迫的人民。
2. His very appearance at any affair proclaims it a triumph.
无论什么事情，只要他一露面，就算是成功了。
Analysis:按照英语句法，每个句子中只能有一个谓语动词（包括并列谓语动词的情况），因此动词名词化和动名词的使用是很普遍的。而在汉语中就没有一个句子中只能使用一个动词的限制，因此在汉语中动词出现的频率要高于英语。
1. A view of Mt. Fuji can be obtained from here. 从这里可以看到富士山。
2. Rockets have found application for the exploration of universe. 火箭已经用来探索宇宙.
3. Access to internet is very simple. 上网很简单.
Analysis：含有动作意味的名词往往可转译成动词。
1. These rustic lassies are good singers. 这些乡下小姑娘歌唱得很好。
2. I think she is a better teacher than him.. 我觉得她比他教得好。
Analysis：英语中有些后缀-er或-or的名词，如smoker, thinker, translator, teacher, farmer等，有时在句中并意在指出其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，往往可译为动词。
②nouns to adjectives
有些形容词派生的名词在翻译时往往还原为形容词
1. The overthrow of the dictatorship has demonstrated again the futility of the colonial wars.
独裁统治被推翻，再一次证明进行殖民战争是枉费心机。
2. Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的.
3. The maiden voyage of the newly-built ship was a success. 这艘新船的处女航很成功。
③Nouns to adverbs
有些意义抽象的名词或名词短语与句子其他成分存在一定逻辑关系时，可转译成副词或相应的状语成分。
1. The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
新市长有礼貌地前来慰问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感.
2. I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted.
我荣幸地
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二 Conversion of adjectives
① adjectives to verbs
英语中只有动词可以直接作谓语，其他词性的词在做谓语时，常常需要系动词的帮助才可以构成谓语。因此，在翻译中一些表示知觉、情感、欲望等心理状态或标识存在状态的形容词在与系动词结构构成复合谓语时，可将形容词译成动词，如：Afraid/angry/sure/doubtful/familiar/ignorant/grateful/sorry/tired/ashamed/surprised/discouraged/certain/careful/confident/aware/concerned/glad/delighted/ thankful /anxious/ able/
1. They were quite content with the data obtained from the experiment.
他们十分满意试验中获得的数据。
2. We believe that Europe should and will be outward-looking.
我们认为，欧洲应该而且必将放眼全球。
3. I would be so grateful if you could do it. 如果你能这样做，我将十分感激。
②adjectives to nouns
1. Glass is more transparent than plastic cloth. 玻璃的透明度比塑料布高
2. In the fission processes the fission fragments are very radioactive.
在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有较强的放射性。
3. Tom is courageous, ambitious, but unintelligent. 汤姆有勇气，有雄心，但没有智慧。
Analysis: 英语中，有些表示事物特征的形容词作表语时，往往转译为名词。
1. They did their best to help the sick and the wounded. 他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
2. Robin Hood and his merry men hated the rich and protected the poor.
罗宾汉和他的伙伴们痛恨阔人、保护穷人。
Analysis:当形容词前面加上定冠词the表示一类人时，就可以译成相应的名词，
如：The injured/the busy/the unemployed/the needy/the oppressed/the educated/the uneducated/the blind/ the handicapped/ the brave
三 conversion of adverbs
1) Adverbs to verbs
英语中作表语或宾语补足语的副词在表示动作趋向时可转译为汉语动词，这类副词常见的有in, out, over, past, through, above, across, away, to, into等。
1. Mr. Nixon had said repeatedly that the American war in Indochina would soon be over.
尼克松先生屡次声言，美国在印度支那的战争即将结束。
2. The librarian told me that the book was out. 图书管理员告诉我，那本书已经借出去了。
3. Our machines were down. 我们的机器出毛病了。
2) Adverbs to adjectives
当英语动词或形容词转译为汉语名词时，修饰该动词或形容词的副词也常常相应地转译为汉语形容词。
1. She chirped, blinking her eyes happily. 她叽叽喳喳地说个不停，两眼闪着快乐的光芒。
2. The electronic computer is chiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations.
电子计算机的主要特点是计算迅速准确。
3. We have made a careful study of the properties of these chemical elements.
我们仔细研究了这些化学元素的特性。
3) Adverbs to nouns
1. It was officially announced that Paris is invited to the meeting.
官方宣布，巴黎应邀出席会议。
2. He was strong physically, but weak mentally. 他身体强壮,内心脆弱。
四The conversion of prepositions
根据柯姆（Curme）统计，英语中共有286个介词（含介词短语）；而中文常用的介词不到30个，其中不少介词还是从动词中转借过来的。英语是形合的语言，英语的介词就像人体的关节，遍布全篇，把整个语言带动起来，使语言充满了弹性和活力。中文是意合的语言，词语之间的语义关系可以通过语序和上下文来显现，故中文句子动词使用的较多而象介词一类的虚词则使用较少。
这一差异要求我们在英译汉时可根据语境的需要把英文中的介词转译成中文的动词。许多含有动作意味的介词都转译为动词，如over, up, across, into, past, toward, through等。转译成动词可时译文紧凑，整个句子表达的思想准确、连贯、栩栩如生。还有些作原因、目的状语的介词短语里的介词及动作方式、陪衬状语的介词短语里的介词亦可转译为动词，如：by means of /利用 in place of/代替in praise of/赞扬in quest of /寻找with a high hand/用高压手段
1. It is clear that numerical control is the operation of machine tools by numbers.
很清楚，数控就是机床采用数字操纵。
2. Dabord said he shot Dele in self-defense. 德伯德说他是出于自卫才枪杀了戴尔。
3. After the marriage, Michael adopted Linda’s son by a former boyfriend.
婚后，麦克收养了琳达与前男友生的儿子。
五 Conversion of verbs
① verbs to nouns
英语中有不少由名词派生的动词，在译成汉语时很难找到完全对应的动词来表达，可以将其译成名词。
1. In the early dawn, the guard towers were silhouetted against the sky.
黎明时，天空映出了瞭望塔的轮廓。
2. The ten-year old girl behaves as if she were an adult. 那个十岁的小女孩举止象个成年人。
② verbs to adjectives
1. Let me see if it fits. 让我瞧瞧它是否合适。
2. The meat in the refrigerator stinks. 冰箱里的肉很臭。
Inversion 词序调整法
The definition of inversion: inversion, as one of the translation techniques, means the necessary or inevitable change of word order in a sentence. It is also called rearrangement or restructuring.
① attributive ② adverbial ③ inverted sentence
Cost difference差价 Mental hospital 精神病医院 Life expectancy 预期寿命
A deaf and mute teacher 聋哑人的教师 Historical playwright 历史剧作家
1. single-word attributive
The best method imaginable 可以想象出的最好办法
Every way possible 一切可能的方式
The authorities have instructed the departments responsible to take measures to deal with pollution. 当局已指示有关部门采取措施治理污染问题。
Analysis One: 以-able, -ible结尾，特别是含有被动意义的形容词.
The people present 出席的人 The students absent 缺席的学生
Analysis Two: 通常作表语的形容词,作后置定语时。
the electrical energy utilized 所使用的电能 the heat energy produced所产生的热量
Analysis Three:保留有较强动作意义的过去分词
Something urgent Nobody else
Analysis Four:形容词修饰不定代词
A modern, powerful socialist country 社会主义的现代化强国
An outstanding contemporary Chinese writer 一位中国当代杰出作家
Ancient Chinese history 中国古代史
Analysis Five: 英语中越是能表示事物基本性质的定语越靠近它所修饰的名词。汉语相反，最能表示事物本质的放在最前面。
英语的基本词序:由小范围---大范围;由次要意义---重要意义;由程度弱----强;由泛指---专指
②phrase attributive
1. The digits on the screen of the electronic watch tell us the time.
电子表荧光屏上的数字显示时间。
2. Most of the stars shinning in the sky at night are millions of times larger than the earth.
夜空中闪烁着的大部分星星都比地球大数百万倍.
3. Water is a substance essential to our life, and comes next to oxygen in importance.
水是我们生活中必不可少的一种物质，其重要性仅次于氧.
Analysis One:英语中的介词短语、形容词短语、动词不定式短语、分词短语，通常放在被修饰的中心词后，翻译成汉语时，要转前。
2. The change of the position of adverbial
1. He stupidly answered the question. 他真笨，竟然回答了这个问题。
2. The ancients tried unsuccessfully to explain how a rainbow is formed.
古代人曾试图说明虹是怎样产生的，但没有成功。
Analysis One: 位于动词前后的副词，有时也用来修饰整个句子。采用分译法来翻译副词。
1. Printing was introduced into Europe from China many years ago.
2. The Industrial Revolution started in England at the second half of the 18th century.
3. Professor Wang is working with his two new assistants in the physical laboratory at the moment.
Analysis Two: 英语中，地点状语放在时间状语之前；汉语相反。
英语中，表示小单位的状语放前，代表大单位的状语放后；汉语相反。
英语中，如果同时存在时间、地点和方式状语，顺序一般为：方式—地点---时间；汉语中顺序为：时间—地点----方式。
3 The inversion of Inverted Sentence
(1) Structural inversion
1. Never have nuclear reactions stopped inside the sun. 在太阳内部，核反应从来没有停止过。
2. Small as they are, atoms are made up of smaller units. 原子虽然很小，但他们是由更小的单位构成的。
Analysis One: 结构性英语倒装句翻译时往往该复位，取自然与语序。
(2) Rhetoric inversion
1. Up went the rocket, carrying the satellite on top of it. 火箭载着卫星直冲云霄。
2. On the upper reaches of the river stand a few hydro-electric power stations of different dimensions. 河的上游矗立着几座不同规模的水力发电站。
Analysis Two:修辞性倒装句的翻译，应尽量照顾原文的修辞目的，但也要注意汉语的习惯。
Division分译法
一、单词分译：
（1）突出语言重点
…there was in the old library at Queen’s Crawley a considerable provision of works of light literature of the last century，both in the French and English languages···
……在女王的克劳莱大厦的书房里，有不少18世纪的文学作品，有英文的，也有法文的，都是些轻松的读物……
（2）修辞需要
And in their further disputes she always returned to this point，“Get me a situation--we hate each other, and I am ready to go．”
从此以后他们每拌一次嘴，她就回到老题目，说道：“给我找个理由，反正咱们你恨我我嫌你，我愿意走。”
二、 句子分译
（1）定语从句的翻译
1. “Well, there’s never anything happened in my family I’m ashamed of．”
“嘿，我家可从来没出现过见不得人的事。”(译成前置定语。)
2. I a
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