WarMachine 087 - Modern Frigates (Part 2)

Ar": @R"Fi{,S Fuub$rcrut$*ni L fufril t\ /aI l\{l;ifi tglr{ $op ftn €1.I5 Ars"s$3,1S Ntr S?.S5 SJ{,RU"45 Sins $4.SS Volume 8 Issue 8Z Published by Orbis Publishing Ltd @ Aerospace Publishing Ltd 1 985 Editorial Offices War Machine Aerospace Publishing Ltd 179 Dalling Road London W6 OES Managing Editor: Stan Morse Editorial : Trisha Palmer Chris Bishop Chris Chant lan Drury Design: Rod Teasdale Colour Origination: lmago Publishing Ltd, Thame, Oxon Typesetting: SX Composing Ltd Film work: Precise Litho Ltd Artists: David Etchell Tony Gibbons 2855 Printed in Great Britain by The Artisan Press Ltd Subscription Manager: Christine Allen 0488 72666 Consultant Editor: Major General Sir Jeremy Moore KCB OBE MC, Comman- der of British Land Forces during the Falklands campaign. 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Whilst evel a:::-.: : -::::: .eepl_ep-!eorl1er55-esara: _ji _r ..-i t-_ -: puor'sl-ersr6s6nether:ghric .'-d:.. -:: :::: p-ce\dtanyl mewrt-nCilCU-,:.'-:s: -::- l :: : oep c-^d n l.rs p Jbl caiior o-p i^:!: i -- :- : - j - - :--- U/a1dAL\lrdidlTarle,or:v 3il. -.:.- -:-:- maybesubjecttoimportdutya.c c-.:: ::!:: r.- :- drelolracl-dedilthedbovep ccs-- :i: :::: ADDRESS FOR SUBSCRIPTIONS C-ois Publishing Limiled lursi Farm 3.yion Road -?TccJrne\A/coC ands 'i€v, oJry 3:- tn.o-g^ t-e :. : . controlled by Denmark, Sweden and Ncrway; and then, to gain access:-- -- Atlantrc, it rlust pass bythe UK. ln naval straregythese areas are caliec :- _ . points', and every day each sicie tests the othei's ability both to pass l--, _: them and to defend them. It is nterest ng to look ar a Soviet anti,submarine warfare group in oper; _ - - tne \orrh Sea, wnere it,s nor only Sov et s-lrna.ines tnal .ry"ro pd\s T^ : ' .' choke points, as NATO submarines are continually probi rg Sovr'et defei- :=., . 'ecroroca basis.Tne q-oJp r^ atl p oocorriry cons,sLs o'a'Ka'a c;o-: ' acco-oaned oy iour '\t vd( c,dbs {rgat.s. al. crewco by a rnao.:. scriptedjuniorratrngs;therearemoreoTficersandseniorpeityoffiiersi".^--. Britlsh ship {for example) because Soviet naval offrcers and petty office i. -. - to do many of the jobs lhat in the Royai Navy are undertaken by ieaC nc': - :. andtechnibal seamen. LivlngconditirinsforiheconscriptsarepoorbyJ,:^-::- son with lhose of NATO forces. lndependence of thouqht and nrtiat,t,e ::- encouraged, Tear'ng lf.at tne snip w tl be on e--ective"{rghl nq 'orcc -- the pressure really starts. (ln November '1975 a 'Krivak'-clasi frigate ,- =:defect to Sweden, but was eventu,r ly forced back by Soviet ships arc : -:-:" Though not an everyday occurrence, th s rs st ll a gocid inclication oi tie -^--. -problems that result frorn such an inJlextble system.J On board the 'Kara'ciass crutser is an electronic enqtneer's drean- _' - _ mare). Firsily, there is the capability for the rnput of rainr data from so.rr:=. - =satellites, friendly aircraft, other surface ships and the ship's own he: cl: =--there rnay also be a frierrdly subrnarine Jeedino back tnformation. Se::-: there is the input provided by interception of 'enemy' transmissions, tr s :. - : provided by the ship {and her acconnpany ng ststers) or can be relaVss '-1 : \ - *{-'&s rrlll : .,, ' ,A.lthough having a relatively heavy AA armament, the role of the 'Kresta II'i"*tG?r-ri"i itbrii^riiv esW, ior which it carries two quadruple Ss-N-14 SjJex'mjssi/e Ja uhchers for long-dtstaflce attacks on enemysubmartnes' snore-based intercept fssll 1y. Tn.rd y. tnere s -he i^p-r p ovroed ov tne s^ip's own frxed detect on dev ces, such as sonar, 'Head Net' air surveillance radar etc. Tne 'Head \et' radar can be orn ttecl'-or tne ASW"ec(on.ng, nowaver. excepl to make the po nts that ail raw data reaching the shrp have to be processed by one or rnoie mainframe computers and that the sheer quantity of data puts a :remenooJS st-a n o^ operalor and eq.l:pment al:ke. What type of nformation rs pouring into the 'Kara' class cruiser and, to a lesser extent, the four 'Krrvak' class frigates? To begin with, the Sovret high comrnand trles to keep tabs on the posrtion of every NATO submarine, partiiularly those within fiflng d stance of the Soviet Union's most sensrtive and strategic area. ln theory sateilites observe the submannes leavrng port, and then attempt to track them through the oceans using infra-red technrqes to detect each submarine's heat trarl. llundreds of Soviet spy ships isten'or any sr:bma'ine w Lh n their are a. ano 1'v To ile^1ity c ass if nor the boat r1se.f by its d sLi.cive elect'on'c sonar s gnat-'e. Static devices littering the sea bed (one area where the West leads the Sovlets) are a so used to p:-< up the pass ng of lne subn',ari^e. Surtace si" ps. a rcraIt and tand-baSed interCept Stat;OnS also'sten Carerui,y fOr a^V t'a-S-'5S onS. Al Ihe same 1me. more r