美英报刊文章选读教2011案

.教材： 《美英报刊文章选读》（上下册）（第四版） 主编：周学艺，袁宪军 出版社：北京大学出版社 上课时数：34节，17周，每周2学时，2学分。 根据高等学校外语专业教学指导委员会2000年制定的《英语教学大纲》规定： 基础阶段：四级：“能读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的各种材料和文章以及难度相当于The Moon Is Down的文学原著和Reader’s Digest等报刊、杂志以及少年百科全书中各种文章，阅读速度为每分钟８０个词，了解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节。能根据所读材料进行推理和分析，领会作者的真实意图。” 六级：“能读懂难度相当于英国the Times(Britain)或the New York Times(USA)的社论和政论文章” 八级：“能读懂一般英文报刊杂志上的社论和书评”。 本学期精读篇目与自学篇目如下： Unit One: China(I) 1. Lesson One: China’s Growth Poses Opportunity and Risk (The New York Times) For self-study: Home at Last（Newsweek） Unit Three: the United States (I) 2. Lesson Eight: Best Graduate Schools (US News & World Report) For Self-study:Elite US schools turn the fight for supremacy into online game 3. Lesson Nine: Is Harvard Worth It? (Fortune) For Self-study: The New Dream Isn’t American(Newsweek) Unit Five:the United States (III) 4. Lesson Fifteen: The Economy Sucks. But Is It ’92 Redux? (Newsweek) For Self-study: Holy War 101 (Newsweek) 5. Lesson Sixteen: Obama Makes History (The Washington Post) For Self-study: Path of the Storm (Newsweek) Unit Six: United States and Britain 6. Lesson Nineteen: Why the Monarchy Must Stay(Newsweek) For Self-study: Iraq: Who won the war? (The Independent) Unit Seven: Prominent figures of the U.S, and Britain 7. Lesson Twenty: He’s just like you and me, except for the ￡31bn fortune (The Sunday Times) For Self-study: Bill Gates is retiring, sort of(International Herald Tribune) Unit Nine: Society 8. Lesson Twenty-eight: Ahead-of-the Curve Careers(US News & World Report) For Self-study: Battle for Brains (Financial Times) Unit Ten: Business 9. Lesson Thirty-one Meeting the Asian Challenge (Business Week) For Self-study: A Bountiful Undersea Find, Sure to Invite Debate(The New York Times) 10. Lesson Thirty-two: Free-talking and Fast Results (Financial Times) For Self-study: Starve Your Way to Health(Newsweek) Unit Twelve: Sports and language 11.Lesson Thirty-nine: English Out to Conquer the World (US News & World Report) For Self-study: Kaka: Brazil’s Mr. PerfectFIFA,com) 考试方法：书面，闭卷 必须掌握的内容： 1． 弄懂所选课文中每句话的意思，文章的中心思想，能根据文章回答课文后所附的问答题。 2． 牢记相关的背景知识，如美国三大日报的名称，英美主要新闻报刊、商务杂志的译名、GDP、CEO等缩写词的全称（注意课本中有关背景知识多用中文，但考试时要用英文）。 3． 记住课文中的常用的 单词 英语单词 下载七年级上册英语单词表下载英语单词表下载深圳小学英语单词表 下载高中英语单词 下载 与词组，特别是与商务相关的英语词汇及具新意的熟词，如第一课中的unsustainable economic bubble, trade surplus, competitive edge, military muscle, diplomatic muscle。 课前准备： 本课程的学习非常强调预习与学生的配合。要求大家课前掌握生词 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 中的词汇，文章至少通读一遍，并在不理解的字句旁做上记号。 小测验：每次上课几乎都有小测验，以了解大家复习或预习的情况。测验成绩是评定平时成绩的主要依据。 What can we expect from a newspaper? As a print mass media, newspaper is a publication containing news, information, and advertising. General-interest newspapers often feature articles on political events, crime, business, art/entertainment, society and sports. Most traditional papers also feature an editorial page containing columns that express the personal opinions of writers. Supplementary sections may contain advertising, comics, and coupons. A wide variety of material has been published in newspapers, including editorial opinions, criticism and op-eds(时事评论版),obituaries, entertainment features such as crosswords, sudoku（数独） and horoscopes（占星术）;weather news and forecasts, advice, gossip (whisper流言), food and other columns,critical reviews of movies, plays and restaurants; classified ads; display ads, editorial cartoons (also known as political cartoon) There are two kinds of news: hard news and soft news. The hard news article requires that a writer move fast to capture the immediacy of the event. Such account must tell the reader what has happened, is happening, or will happen, as well as give a careful report of the why and how behind the occurrence. The journalistic “5Ws + H” _____ who, what, when, where, why and how____ applies here. The hard news article presents a factual account of an event,without significant attention to the reactions of observers or participants, although quotes along these lines might appear. Soft news or feature articles do not have the same time or subject restrictions, profiles of noteworthy people, human-interest stories, and discussions of issues are examples of feature stories. Aside from the hard news section of weekly newsmagazines such as TIME, Newsweek, and U.S News& World Report, most magazine articles are features, because their publication schedules require from several days to several weeks of lead time (the time elapsed between acceptance of work and publication, which is also true for their hard news articles.. “Newspaper English” “Learning a language is not merely an academic exercise. Students of English want to be able to use the language they have acquired in the same way as English people use it. They not only want to understand spoken English and to make themselves understood ;they also want to be able to appreciate English television and radio programs , to laugh at English jokes, to sing English songs and to read English newspapers. This last wish often gives rise to some disappointment, when for example, the student who has passed his exams with top marks and has earned the commendation of his teacher finds that he is quite unable to understand the newspapers which he knows English people read every day. He realizes that he lacks something. “The deficiency is not entirely his fault. The deficiency lies in the fact that British newspapers have a style all of their own; or rather each paper has its own individual style forming part of a general journalistic pattern which we may loosely classify as “Newspaper English”. The more popular dailies use a chatty, slangy, up-to-the-moment way of writing, which, as often as not, leaves the foreign reader very bewildered, if not under a totally false impression. From What’s in the News by Geoffrey Land A brief introduction about American newspapers and magazines 1. American Newspapers 　　In the States there are more than 11,000 newspapers, of which there are around 1,600 dailies，including morning papers, afternoon papers and evening papers. Besides there are Sunday papers and more than 8,000 weeklies and semiweeklies，and numerous tabloids. 1.The most influential newspapers in USA ： 1）The Los Angeles Times《洛杉矶时报》www.latimes.com (1881)　 2）The New York Times《纽约时报》 www.nytimes.com (1851) 3）Washington Post《华盛顿邮报》 www.washingtonpost.com(1877) 4）The Wall Street Journal《华尔街日报》www.wsj.com (1889) 5）The New York Daily News 《纽约每日新闻》 www.nydailynews.com 6）Chicago Daily Tribune《芝加哥论坛报》 www.chicagotribune.com/ 7）USA Today 《今日美国》 www.usatoday.com 8）New York Post《纽约邮报》www.nypost.com 2. Less influential newspapers in USA: 1）The Christian Science Monitor 《基督教科学箴言报》www.csmonitor.com (1909) 2）International Herald Tribune 《国际先驱论坛报》www.iht.com　 3）Washington News 《华盛顿新闻报》www.newsday.com　 4）Washington Daily News 《华盛顿每日新闻》www.wdnweb.com　 5）Baltimore Sun 《巴尔的摩太阳报》www.baltimoresun.com　 3. American Magazines: There are more than ten thousand magazines in the U.S. of which 60 or so enjoy a circulation of one million：The most influential magazines are as follows 4. Major American magazines: 1)《时代周刊》 (TIME) www.time.com 2)《新闻周刊》 (NEWSWEEK) www.Newsweek.com 3)《美国新闻与世界报道》 (U.S. NEWS &WORLD REPORT) www.usnews.com 4)《读者文摘》 (READER’S DIGEST) www.rd.com 5)《商业周刊》 (BusinessWeek) www.businessweek.com 6)《财富》 (Fortune) www.fortune.com 7)《福布斯》（Forbes） 7. American broadcasting companies 1)全国广播公司(National Broadcasting Company 简称 NBC )于1926年创办： www.nbc.com 2)哥伦比亚广播公司(Columbia Broadcasting System,简称CBS)于1927年创办：www.cbs.com 3)美国广播公司(American Broadcasting Company, 简称ABC) www.abc.com 4)美国之音 (The Voice of America,简称VOA) 于1942年创办： www.voa.gov 8. News agencies 5)美联社 (Associated Press,简称AP)于1848年创办： www.ap.org 6)合众国际社 (United Press-International News Service,简称UPI)于1907年创办：www.upi.com 9. Major British newspapers: 1)《泰晤士报》 Times：http://www.thetimes.co.uk （1785），the First Newspaper in the World） 2)《每日电讯报》 The Daily Telegraph：http://www.dailytelegraph.co.uk （1855） 3)《卫报》 The Guardian：http://www.guardian.co.uk/ (1821) 4)《金融时报》 The Financial Times：http://news.ft.com/home/rw (1888年) 5)《星期日电讯报》 Sunday Dispatch： 6)《观察家报》 The Observer：http://www.observer.co.uk (1791) 7)《星期日泰晤士报》The Sunday Times：www.sunday-times.co.uk/ 8) 《每日快报》 The Daily Express：http://www.express.co.uk/ 9）《每日邮报》 The Daily Mail：http://www.dailymail.co.uk/ （1896，一种知识性很强的通俗日报） 10）《每日镜报》 Daily Mirror：http://www.mirror.co.uk/ 10.Major British magazines: 1)《经济学家》(The Economist) ：（1843） 2)《旁观者》(The Spectator) ：（1828） 3)《新政治家》(The New Statesman) ：（1934） 4)《妇女界》(The Woman’s Own) ：（1932），是图文并茂的妇女月刊。http://www.ipcmedia.com 5)《妇女之国》(Woman’s Realm) ：（1958），适合新成家的青年妇女。 6)《泰晤士报文学增刊》(The Times Literary Supplement, The TLS) ：每周出一期，是英国最有影响的文学周刊之一。 11. Major English newspapers and magazines in the world 《泰晤士报》：The Times 《每日电讯报》：The Daily Telegraph 《金融时报》：The Financial Times 《卫报》：The Guardians 《太阳报》：The Sun （a tabloid, 1964, Page 3 Girl introduced in 1970s） 《纽约时报》: The New York Times 《华盛顿邮报》：The Washington Post 《洛杉矶时报》：Los Angeles Times 《国际先驱论坛报》：International Herald Tribune 《华尔街日报》：The Wall Street Journal 《今日美国》：USA Today 《时代周刊》：TIME 《财富》：Fortune 《新闻周刊》：NewsWeek 《商业周刊》：BusinessWeek 《福布斯》（Forbes） American Newspapers No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA. There are almost 2,000 of them, as compared with 180 in Japan, 164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain. By the end of 2008, China has 1942 newspapers. In 1978 it had only 186 newspapers. The quality of some American papers is extremely high and their views are quoted all over the world. Distinguished dailies like the Washington Post or the New York Times have a powerful influence all over the country. However, the Post and the Times are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain or Le Monde is in France, since each American city has its own daily newspaper. The best of the these present detailed accounts of national and international news, but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news. Like the press in most other countries, American newspapers range from the "sensational", which feature crime, sex and gossip, to the serious, which focus on factual news and the analysis of world events. But with few exceptions American newspapers try to entertain and give as much information as possible, for they have to compete with the attraction of television. Just as American newspapers satisfy all tastes, so do they also try and appeal to readers of all political persuasions. A few newspapers support extremist groups on the far right and on the far left, but most daily newspapers attempt to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are essentially moderate. Many of these papers print columns by well-known journalists of differing political and social views, in order to present a balanced picture. As in other countries American newspapers can be either responsible or irresponsible, but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once courageously exposed political scandals or crimes, for instance, the Watergate Affair. The newspapers drew the attention of the public to the horrors of the Vietnam War. Top 100 Newspapers in the United States Rank Newspaper Circulation 1. USA Today (Arlington, Va.) 2,528,437 2. Wall Street Journal (New York, N.Y.) 2,058,342 3. Times (New York, N.Y.) 1,683,855 4. Times (Los Angeles) 1,231,318 5. Post (Washington, DC) 960,684 6. Tribune (Chicago) 957,212 7. Daily News (New York, N.Y.) 795,153 8. Inquirer (Philadelphia) 705,965 9. Post/Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 704,806 10. Chronicle (Houston) 692,557 11. Post (New York, N.Y.) 691,420 12. News/Free Press (Detroit) 669,315 13. Morning News (Dallas) 649,709 14. Star Tribune (Minneapolis) 606,698 15. Globe (Boston) 604,068 16. Star-Ledger (Newark, N.J.) 599,628 17. Journal-Constitution (Atlanta) 561,405 18. Arizona Republic (Phoenix) 556,465 19. Newsday (Long Island, N.Y.) 488,825 20. Chronicle (San Francisco) 451,504 21. Plain Dealer (Cleveland) 450,875 22. Times/Post-Intelligencer (Seattle) 435,581 23. Post-Dispatch (St. Louis) 423,291 24. Times (St. Petersburg, Fla.) 422,410 25. Union-Tribune (San Diego) 408,392 26. Journal Sentinel (Milwaukee) 405,355 27. Sun (Baltimore) 401,918 28. Herald (Miami) 390,171 29. Oregonian (Portland) 384,729 30. Post-Gazette (Pittsburgh, Pa.) 373,980 31. Star (Kansas City, Mo.) 367,712 32. Register (Orange County, Calif.) 354,632 33. Dispatch (Columbus, Ohio) 352,510 34. Star (Indianapolis) 347,217 35. Express-News (San Antonio, Tex.) 342,709 36. Sentinel (Orlando, Fla.) 341,025 37. South Florida Sun-Sentinel (Fort Lauderdale, Fla.) 339,728 38. Bee (Sacramento, Calif.) 330,993 39. Star-Telegram (Fort Worth, Tex.) 322,824 40. Tribune & Times (Tampa, Fla.) 309,916 41. Enquirer/Post (Cincinnati) 293,151 42. Daily Oklahoman (Oklahoma City) 287,505 43. Democrat-Gazette (Little Rock, Ark.) 275,991 44. Observer (Charlotte, N.C.) 274,125 45. News (Buffalo, N.Y.) 273,177 46. Courant (Hartford, Conn.) 272,918 47. Courier-Journal (Louisville, Ky.) 271,920 48. Mercury News (San Jose, Calif.) 263,373 49. Pioneer Press (St. Paul, Minn.) 251,565 50. Register (Des Moines, Iowa) 240,912 51. Tennessean (Nashville) 236,563 52. World-Herald (Omaha, Neb.) 231,115 53. Herald (Boston) 230,344 54. American-Statesman (Austin, Tex.) 228,619 55. Virginian-Pilot (Norfolk, Va.) 225,730 56. Times-Union (Jacksonville, Fla.) 222,392 57. Democrat and Chronicle (Rochester, N.Y.) 219,660 58. Times-Dispatch (Richmond, Va.) 219,595 59. Review-Journal (Las Vegas) 219,228 60. Journal (Providence, R.I.) 218,388 61. Commercial Appeal (Memphis) 216,705 62 News & Observer (Raleigh, N.C.) 213,878 63. Post (W. Palm Beach, Fla.) 211,697 64. Investors Business Daily (Los Angeles) 210,708 65. Record (Hackensack, N.J.) 206,086 66. Asbury Park Press (Neptune, N.J.) 199,723 67. Contra Costa Times (Walnut Creek, Calif.) 190,613 68. Press-Enterprise (Riverside, Calif.) 189,000 69. Daily News (Los Angeles) 187,740 70. Bee (Fresno, Calif.) 183,744 71. Press (Grand Rapids, Mich.) 182,810 72. News (Birmingham, Ala.) 180,451 73. Daily Star (Tucson, Ariz.) 173,064 74. Beacon Journal (Akron, Ohio) 170,870 75. Daily News (Dayton, Ohio) 168,645 76. Post-Standard (Syracuse, N.Y.) 168,393 77. Blade (Toledo, Ohio) 167,686 78. Advertiser (Honolulu) 160,723 79. Tribune-Review (Greensburg, Pa.) 158,013 80. Daily Herald (Arlington Heights, Ill.) 153,291 81. News-Sentinel (Knoxville, Tenn.) 152,945 82. Tribune/Deseret News (Salt Lake City) 151,422 83. Morning Call (Allentown, Pa.) 150,936 84. Journal (Albuquerque) 149,455 85. Wisconsin State Journal/Capital Times (Madison, Wis.) 148,489 86. Patriot-News (Harrisburg, Pa.) 148,301 87. Journal News (White Plains, N.Y.) 144,231 88. Eagle (Wichita, Kans.) 143,948 89. Herald-Leader (Lexington, Ky.) 141,019 90. State (Columbia, S.C.) 140,362 91. Herald-Tribune (Sarasota, Fla.) 138,675 92. News Tribune (Tacoma, Wash.) 137,730 93. News Journal (Wilmington, Del.) 134,865 94. Times Union (Albany, N.Y.) 133,787 95. La Opinion (Los Angeles) 128,553 96. Republican (Springfield, Mass.) 125,864 97. News-Journal (Daytona Beach, Fla.) 125,754 98. Daily News (Philadelphia) 123,483 99. Journal Gazette/News-Sentinel (Fort Wayne, Ind.) 121,475 100. Spokesman-Review (Spokane, Wash.) 120,632 NOTES: By largest reported circulation, as of March 31, 2006. 2008年12月，美国10大报纸网站的用户数量较2007年12月的用户数量增长16%。 　　尽管这16%的涨幅不会给报纸网站带来太多营收，但必将是报纸产业的一个亮点。随着互联网媒体的兴起，美国报纸产业的广告收入明显下滑，与互联网媒体成为了冤家对头。 　　尼尔森在线数据显示，在各大报纸网站中，《纽约时报》网站最受欢迎，2008年12月独立访问者数量为1820万，同比增长6%。《今日美国》(USA Today)网站位居第二，访问者数量为1140万。《华盛顿邮报》网站排名第三，访问者数量为950万。《洛杉矶时报》网站第四，访问者数量为800万。《华尔街日报》网站第五，访问者数量720万。 　　第六至第十位排名依次为《每日新闻》网站(Daily News)、《芝加哥论坛报》网站(Chicago Tribune)、《纽约邮报》网站(New York Pos)、《波士顿环球报》网站(Boston Globe)和《旧金山信使报》网站(San Francisco Chronicle)。 　　访问者数量涨幅最高的是《每日新闻》网站，与2007年12月相比增长99%。《洛杉矶时报》网站增长73%，《纽约邮报》网站增长60%。《波士顿环球报》网站是惟一一家用户数量出现下滑的网站，降幅为6% Ten Best American Newspaper Websites: As a follow-up to our research on newspaper website that we published recently, we decided to break out a list of the best examples of “good” newspaper websites. Steve, Todd and I collaborated on the following list, judging sites not only on their web features but also on the design, aesthetics and general usability of the site [Note: this list only covers the top 100 US newspapers in terms of circulation, which is what our study looked at. We're sure that we missed some great smaller papers.]. (1) The New York Times: We love the general feeling of the NYT site, which is pleasing to the eye and easy to navigate. The site is loaded with great features, and the website is rumored to be dropping its annoying pay wall, TimesSelect in the coming months. (2) The Washington Post Not only do we like the design and the navigability of the Post’s website, but we really love its database applications, which provide interesting tidbits of information difficult to find elsewhere. The Post’s website has been a huge success, and is one of the best examples of newspapers creating an online product that is significantly different from its print product. (3)USA Today: Social networking. Social networking. Social networking. Did I mention that this site has the most robust social networking features out of any of the newspaper websites we researched? Oh yeah. And this site has social networking. British Newspapers In Britain there are 11 national daily newspapers and most people read one of them every day. There are two kinds of newspapers. One is large in size and has many detailed articles about national and international events. Those newspapers are called the serious papers or the quality papers (also called broadsheets). The other kind, called tabloid (also known as the gutter press), is smaller in size, has more pictures, often in color, and shorter articles, often about less important events or about the private lives of well-known people. More people buy tabloids than serious papers. The Sun, for example, which is a tabloid, is the biggest-selling newspaper in Britain. People who disapprove of the tabloids very strongly sometimes call them the Gutter press. There are daily newspapers and weekly newspapers in all parts of Britain which cover local news as well as national and international stories. Local papers give information about films, events and other things that are happening in the local neighborhood, including information about local people who have been married or died recently. National newspapers generally give information about films, concerts and other events happening in London. In Scotland, many people read the Glasgo Herald of the Scotsman and there are Scottish Editions of the tabloids. There are also many free local newspapers, which are delivered to people’s homes, whether they are asked for or not. They contain a lot of advertisements, and also some local news. Until 1980s, almost all the national newspapers had their headquarters on or around Fleet Street in London. Newspaper culture therefore is referred to as Fleet Street. Top Ten Most Read UK Newspapers 1. The Sun(a tabloid); 2. The Gardian, 3. The Daily Mail; 4. The Mirror; 5. The Times (1785), 6. The Daily Star, 7. The Independent, 8. The Telegraph; 9. The News of the World; 10. Evening Standard《旗帜晚报》 The Observer, which is still published every Sunday, first appeared in 1791, making it the world’s oldest national newspaper, while the Times, which began publishing in 1785, is the United Kindom’s oldest daily newspaper. · The Daily Mir