情态动词+have_done_结构

情态动词 一．need和dare 情态动词 用法 例句 need 用于 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“需要，必要”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在时，过去式要用needn't have，疑问式用need+人称?,否定式用need not(即needn't）， 1．—Need we leave soon? —Yes, you must.(No, you needn't) 2．You needn't have hurried. (=It was not necessary for you to hurry，but you did).你当时不必这么匆忙。 做实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同，后接带to的不定式（need doing = need to be done ）,过去式用needed、did you need?和didn't need,肯定式用needs/needed/need,疑问式用do、does、did提问，否定式要在前面加don't、doesn't、didn't 1. A job like nursing needs patience and understanding.(need+名词，need understanding=need to be understood,需要被理解) 2．He needs to see a doctor.(need to do) 3．Do you still need volunteers to help clean up after the party?(need somebody to do something) 4．They didn't need to start so early.(do not need to do) dare 用于表示“敢于”之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中 1．—Dare you tell her the truth? —Yes, I dare. /No, I daren’t. 1． How dare you accuse me of lying! 2． He daren’t admit this. 用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中，dare后接带to的不定式；否定句中，dare后既可接带to的不定式，也可接不带to的不定式。 1． Only a few journalists dared to cover the story. 2． He doesn’t dare (to) go there alone. 3． Don’t you dare (to) touch it? 二．ought的用法： 情态动词 用法 例句 ought to do 表示“应该”之意 1． You ought to take care of him. 2． —Ought I go now? —Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn’t to. 表示推测。注意与must表示推测是的区别 1． He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) 2． He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定) 3． This is where the oil must be. (比较直率) 4． This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) 说明：should与ought to 表示“应该”时的区别 should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to的语气中，含有“按道理应该……”之意，强调义务或责任，should主要指适宜或不适宜做。 You should help them with their work. You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.（义务） 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。 1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。 2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。 二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 　1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。 　 2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。 1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？ 　 2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？ 四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。疑问句否定句中与can have done 用法相同。 　　He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。 五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 　 —What has happened to George? 　　—I don't know. He may have got lost. 　　—乔治发生了什么事？ 　　—我不知道，他可能迷路了。 六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。 1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。 　　 2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。 七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。 1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。 2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。 八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。 1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。 2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。 　　I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。 　　You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。 十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。 1.I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。 2.He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。 “情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年 高考 地理事物空间分布特征语文高考下定义高考日语答题卡模板高考688高频词汇高考文言文120个实词 的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳： 1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词 表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。 Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up.     （04’广西卷） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving [解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。 2．needn’t have＋过去分词 表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。 As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning.      (06’陕西卷) A. mayn’t          B. can’t          C. mustn’t        D. needn’t [解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。 [注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。 3．must have＋过去分词 用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。 [注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。 I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere .         （05’北京春季） A. must drop               B. must have dropped C. must be dropping        D. must have been dropped [解析]本题应选B。本题的前一句说明一个结果，后一句则表示一个原因。 I _______have been more than six years old when the accident happened. （05’天津卷） A. shouldn't          B. couldn't          C. mustn't       D. needn't [解析]从题意上分析，本题的前一句陈述一个理由，后一句则是由前一句得出的结论。故本题选[B] 。 4．may／might have＋过去分词 表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的可能性推测，表示“过去可能／大概已做了某事”；否定句表示“过去可能还没有做某事”。 We        have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.                                          (06’天津卷) A. needn’t      B. may not        C. shouldn’t          D. mustn’t     Key:[B] 5．can／could have＋过去分词 表示“过去本来可以做某事，但实际上没有做”；否定句表示“不可能已做了某事”；疑问句表示“可能／也许已做了某事吗？”。 --- I stayed at a hotel while in New York . --- Oh, did you? You ＿＿＿＿ with Barbara．                      (NMET’98)　 A. could have stayed       B. could stay C. would stay             D. must have stayed                Key: [A] 巩固性练习：从A、B、C、D中选择最佳答案。 1．---You didn’t wait for Mr. Smith last night, did you? ---No, but we ______. He didn’t return home at all. A. couldn’t have waited    B. needn’t have C. didn’t need to       D. should wait 2．Harry ______ have won the Physics competition easily yesterday, but he gave up.    A. could   B. might   C. should   D. must 3．---May I speak to your manager Mr. Smith at six o’clock tonight ?” ---“I’m sorry, Mr. Smith         to a conference before then.” A. will have gone           B. had gone      C. would have gone       D. has gone 4．---Tom took away our teacher’s cell phone without being permitted. --- Really? I can’t imagine that he _______ have done such a thing. A. must               B. may               C. can                D. should 5．--- Was it you that made the suggestion? --- It        have been. I can’t remember. A. need                 B. must                 C. should                 D. may 6．The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I_________ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me . A. should have taken             B. could have taken C. needn't have taken            D. mustn't have taken 7．He paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. A.could                     B.would                 C.must             D. need 8．I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She       at the meeting .     A. mustn’t have spoken    B. mightn’t have spoken     C. can’t have spoken        D. shouldn’t have spoken 9．--- Hi, is that Peter Brown? ---Sorry. You ______ the wrong number . A. must dial     B. must have dialed      C. should dial   D. should have dialed 10．I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car . They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour . A. should have been doing             B. must have been doing C. could have done                    D. would have done 11. Jack described his father, who _a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been 12. You buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 13 I have told you the truth. ______ I keep repeating it? A Must B Can C May D Will 14. I_______ have watched that movie —it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t 15. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. couldn’t 16. — I take the book out? w_w w. km—I'm afraid not. A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need 17 .Just be patient .You ______ expect the world to change so soon . A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. whether 18. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You______ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_ 19. May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 20.I’m afraid Mr. Harding _________see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D .needn’t 21 .Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise A．can B．will C．must D．may 22. ---Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. --Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can 23. “You ____ have a wrong number,” she said. “There’s no one of that name here.” A. need B. can C. must D. would Keys for reference： 1---5 CAADD      6---10 CACBB DDA 51—55 AABAB 56—60 DACBC PAGE 5