高考英语二轮专题语法总复习-代词和数词

2012届高考英语二轮专题总复习语法精练代词和数词 一、代词 在句子中代替名词或名词词组的词。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。 1．人称代词还有主格和宾格之分，在句中作主语和宾语。它有人称、数和格的变化。 I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. 2．物主代词是表示所有关系的代词， 它有形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词相当于形容词的性质，放在名词之前， 在句中常作定语。名词性物主代词相当于名词，后面不能使用名词，在句中作主语、宾语和表语。 Their school is twice as big as ours. 3．反身代词是由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称代词宾格，后面加词尾self 或者selves构成。反身代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在人称、性、数上保持一致。反身代词在句中可用作动词宾语、介词宾语、表语和同位语。 Tom taught himself maths when he was 10 years old. 4．指示代词是用来指示或标志人或事物的代词。它们主要有：this, that, these, those。指示代词所指的对象取决于谈话双方都熟悉的语境。指示代词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。 This car is not mine. That one over there is mine. 5．疑问代词是引导的疑问句为特殊疑问句。一般放在疑问句的句首。疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what，which。其中who，whom，whose只能指人，what和 which 可指人或物。 Which of the two boys is your younger brother? 6．不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。不定代词有：some, any, no和every 以及这些词与－one, －body和－thing构成的复合词。它们在句中可作主语和宾语等成分。 Miss Liu is such a good teacher that everyone in our school likes her. 7．相互代词主要有each other和one another。 8．关系代词主要用在定语从句中。 二、数词 数词：表示数目多少或顺序多少的词，数词分为基数词和序数词。 基数词：表示数目多少的数词。 序数词：表示顺序的数词。 一、英语中代词的相关知识庞杂，在语言使用中有极为频繁。虽然代词的用法看似简单，但其实并不容易。一般说来，高考试题中主要对人称代词、反身代词和不定代词进行考查，常见的有以下几种情况： 1．人称代词和反身代词作宾语 人称代词主要用来代替表示人的名词或词组，有人称、数、性和格之分，在句中常作主语、宾语和补语。反身代词由“物主代词＋ self (selves)”构成，在句中可作宾语、补语和同位语。 This car doesn't belong to me. It belongs to my sister. Treat yourself to a glass of wine to help you relax at the end of the day. 2．one, it和that的用法 one指代上文的单数名词，泛指不特定的名词，ones为其复数形式；the one代替前面的单数名词，表示特指，往往其后有定语。it指代前面提到过的名词，即前面提到的那个特定的事物。that代替上文出现过的名词；它既可替代单数可数名词，也可替代不可数名词。 Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, one I will always treasure. I am looking for my pen, but I haven't found it. We all know the weather in the south is much warmer than that in the north. 3．some, every, no和any及其构成的复合不定代词的用法 something (body / one), anything (body), everything (body), nothing (body)等在句中可作主语、宾语等成分，在试题中一般通过具体的语境来考查。 Jim sold most of his things. He has hardly anything left in the house. I agree with most of what you said, but I can't agree with everything. 4．all, any, none, both, either和neither的用法 —What do you think of the performance today? —Great! None but a musical genius could perform so successfully. I had to buy all these books because I didn't know which one was the best. 含义 两者 三者或三者以上 都 both all 任何一个 either any 都不 neither none 5．the other, another和the others, others的用法 I don't like this dress, so please show me another. Some are dancing and singing; others are listening to stories. another 指三者或三者以上中事物的“另一个”。 the other 指两个事物中的“另一个”。 others 指不定的“其他的人或事物”。 the others 在一个固定范围之内的“其余的；其他的”。 二、复习数词时要注意以下几点： 1．在序数词前可以加不定冠词a表示“再一；又一”之意。 We will have to do it a second time. I have had a third apple. 2．分数的表示法 英语中分数的写法我们可以记住下面的口诀： 分子基数词，分母序数词。 分子大于一，分母用复数。 About three－fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by water. One third of the pupils in our class like playing football. 3．倍数的表示法 倍数的表示方法是高考的重点，常见的有以下三种形式： (1)倍数＋ as ＋形容词/副词＋ as It is said that our new school is three times as big as our present one. (2)倍数＋形容词/副词的比较级＋ than There are twice more students in our school than in theirs. (3)倍数＋ the size (length, height...) of The new building is five times the size of the old one. 4．hundred,thousand, million, score和dozen等词的用法 hundred和thousand等词和具体数字连用时要用单数形式，与of连用时要用复数形式。 There are more than three thousand students in their school. Millions of people watched the games on TV last night. 5．年代或岁数的表达方法 表示年代和岁数时用逢十的基数词的复数形式来表示。 In the 1990s, when he was in his thirties, he went abroad for further study. It is not rare in the 1980s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education. 6．编号的表达法 第一课 　Lesson One / The First Lesson 502房间 　Room 502 新府路88号 　88 Xinfu Road 新泰一中 XinTai No. 1 Middle School 7．数词的修饰语表示“大约”的常用词语有about, nearly, some, around或or so。 表示“超过”的常用词语有over或more than。 表示“不超过；少于”用less than或fewer than。 The sea covers nearly three－fourths of the world's surface. The oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. Even under the best conditions, we couldn't finish in less than three days. 高考真题探究（2006—2011） 〖07浙江〗It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless. A.two thousand B.two-thousands C.two thousands D.two thousands of 【2011全国卷II,11】I got this bicycle for ; My friend gave it to me when she bought a new one. A. everything B. something C. anything D. nothing 【2011天津卷,1】We feel our duty to make our country a better place. A. it B. this C. that D. one 【2011上海春招,26】They produced two reports, ______ of which contained any useful suggestions. A. either B. all C. none D. neither 【2011山东卷,24】The two girls are so alike that strangers find ________ difficult to tell one from the other. A. it B. them C. her D. that 【2011福建卷,21】We have various summer camps for your holidays. You can choose ____ based on your own interests. A. either B. each C. one D. it 【2011浙江卷,7】Since people are fond of humor, it is as welcome in conversation as ________ else. A. anything B. something C. anywhere D. somewhere 【答案】C 【考点】考查不定代词的用法。 【解析】句意为“人们喜爱幽默，所以，在谈话中或者别的什么地方的幽默都受人欢迎。”疑问副词anywhere与else连用，表示（除了in conversation的）其他任何地方，表示场合的。而anything和something是表示超越场合的事物。因此选C。 【2011四川卷,3】There is in his words. We should have a try. A. something B. anything C.nothing D.everything 【解析】句意为“他的话有些道理，我们应该试一试。”something 指不简单的事、可观的成绩、有些地位的人。因此选A。 【2011重庆卷,27】——Silly me! I forget what my luggage looks like. ——What do you think of over there? A. the one B. this C.it D.that 【答案】D 【考点】考查指示代词的用法。 【解析】句意为“——我真傻！想不起来自己的行李是什么样子的。——你看看那边的是不是你的？”指示代词that指时间与空间上较远的事物，over there交代了空间上的远距离。this指时间与空间上较近的事物，the one和it都特指前面曾经交代过的事物。结合语境，选D。 【2011江西卷25】Why don’t you bring _____ to his attention that you’re too ill to work on? A. that B.it C.his D.him 〖10安徽〗You are a team star! Working with_______ is really your cup of tea. A. both B. either C. others D. the other 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗本题考查不定代词的用法。 〖解析〗句意为 “你是球队明星！与他人合作必须是你喜欢做的事。”习语 “one’s cup of tea”意为 “the type of thing or person that you like”。 〖10四川〗On my desk is a photo that my father took of when I was a baby. A. him B. his C. me D. mine 〖答案〗C 〖考点〗考查代词。 〖解析〗take a photo of sb意为给某人照相, 此处应用人称代词的宾格。正确答案为C。 〖10全国Ⅱ〗Neither side is prepared to talk to ______unless we can smooth things over between them. A. others B. the other C. another D. one other 〖答案〗B 〖考点〗考查不定代词。 〖解析〗Neither含有 “两者都不”之意, 一方对应另一方, 故用the other指 “两者中的另一个” www.ks5u.com 第 1页 共 4页