《英美概况》试题(附答案)

《英美概况》 I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices: 1. The highest mountain in Britain is ____. A. Scafell B. Ben Nevis C. the Cotswolds D. the Forth 2. The longest river in Britain is _____. A. the Clyde B. the Mersey C. the Severn D. the Thames 3. The largest lake in Britain is _____. A. the Lough Neage B. Windermere Water C. Coniston Water D. the Lake District 4. Which part of Britain is always fighting? A. England B. Scotland C. Wales D. Northem Ireland 5. The immigrants coming to Britain are mainly from _____. A. Europe B. the United States C. Africa D. the West Indies, 6. The first inhabitants in Britain were _____. A. the Normans B. the Celts C. the Iberians D. the Anglo-Saxons 7. British Recorded history began with _____. A. Roman invasion B. the Norman Conquest C. the Viking and Danish invasion D. the Anglo-Saxons invasion 8. In 829, _____ actually became the overlord of all the English. A. John B. James I C. Egbert D. Henry I 9. Christmas Day ____, Duke William was crowned in Westminster Abbey. A. 1056 B. 1066 C. 1006 D. 1060 10. Henry II was the first king of the _____ dynasty. A. Windsor B. Tudor C. Malcolm D. Plantagenet 11. In 1265 ____ summoned the Great Council, which has been seen as the earliest parliament. A. Henry III B. the Pope C. Barons D. Simon de Montfort 12. The Hundred Years’ war started in ____ and ended in ____, in which the English had lost all the territories of France except the French port of ____. A. 1337, 1453, Flanders B. 1337, 1453, Calais C. 1346, 1453, Argencourt D. 1346, 1453, Brest 13. The Wars of Roses lasted for _____ years and king _____ was replaced by king _____. A. 30, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. 50, Richard III, Henry Tudor B. C. 30, Richard I, Henry Tudor D. 50, Richard I, Henry Tudor 14. The Renaissance began in ____ in the early ____ century. A. England, 14 B. England, 15 C. Italy, 14 D. Italy, 15 15. The English Civil War is also called _____. A. the Glorious Revolution B. the Bloody Revolution C. the Catholic Revolution D. the Puritan Revolution 16. In _____, a small group of Puritans sailed from _____ in the Mayflower to be the first settlers in the North America. A. 1620, London B. 1620, Plymouth C. 1720, London D. 1720, Plymouth 17. In the 18th century, there appeared ____ in England, which owed a great deal to the invention of machines. A. the Industrial Revolution B. the Bourgeois Revolution C. the Wars of the Roses D. the Religious Reformation 18. English colonial expansion began with the colonization of _____ in 1583. A. Canada B. Australia C. India D. Newfoundland 19. _____ was famous for his abdication because of his marriage with a divorced American: A. Edward VIII B. Edward VII C. George VI D. George VII 20. In January _____ Britain became a member of the European Economic Community. A. 1957 B. 1967 C. 1973 D. 1979 21. soon after _____, Britain not only gave up its econmic hegemony but also suffered a deep loss of its position of industrial leadership. A. 1900 B. the First World War C. the Second World War D. 1960 22. In the 1970s among the developed countries, Britain maintained the lowest _____ rate and the highest _____ rate. A. inflation, growth B. growth, inflation C. growth, divorce D. growth, birth 23. The following are all reasons of British decline of coal industry except _____. A. the exhaustion of old mines B. costly extraction B. C. little money being invested D. the labour shortage 24. Britain’s foreign trade is mainly with _____. A. developing countries B. other Commonwealth countries C. other developed countries D. EC 25. The House of Lords is presided over by _____. A. the Lord Chancellor B. the Queen C. the Archbishop of Canterbury D. the Prime Minister 26. A General Election is held every _____ years and there are _____ members of Parliaments are elected. A. five, 600 B. five, 650 C. five, 651 D. four, 651 27. The Prime Minister is appointed by _____ and he or she always sits in _____. A. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Commons B. the Archbishop of Canterbury, the House of Lords C. the Queen, the House of Commons D. the Queen, the House of Lords 28. The ultimate authority for law-making resides in _____. A. the Queen B. the Cabinet C. the House of Lords D. the House of Commons 29. The sources of British law include _____. A. statutes, common law, equity law and European Community law B. statutes, common law and equity law C. statutes, common law and European Community law D. a complete code and statutes 30. In criminal trials by jury, _____ passes sentenced and _____ decide the issue of guilt or innocence. A. the judge, the jury B. the judge, the judge C. the jury, the jury D. the Lord Chancellor, the jury 31. ____ tries the most serious offences such as murder and robbery. A. Magistrates’ courts B. Youth courts C. district courts D. The Crown Court 32. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is under the control of _____. A. the England secretaries B. the Scottish Secretaries C. Northern Ireland Secretaries D. the Home Secretary 33. The National Health Service was established in the UK in _____ and based at first on _____. A. 1948, Acts of Parliament B. 1958, Acts of Parliament C. 1948, the Bill of Rights D. 1958, the Bill of Rights 34. The non-contributory social security benefits include the following except _____. A. war pension B. child benefit C. family credit D. unemployment benefit 35. Except that _____ may not be a Roman Catholic, public offices are open without distinction to members of all churchs or of none. A. the lord Chancellor B. the Prime Minister C. the Speaker D. the ministers of all departments 36. About 90 per cent of the state secondary school population in the UK attend _____. A. independent schools B. junior schools C. independent schools D. primary schools 37. There are some ____ universities, including the Open University. A. 900 B. 290 C. 90 D. 50 38. In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 can _____ by law. A. receive completely free education B. receive parly free education C. receive no free education if their families are rich D. receive no free education at all 39. With regard to its size, the USA is the _____ country in the world. A. largest B. second largest C. third largest D. fourth largest 40. In the following rivers, _____ has been called the American Ruhr. A. the Mississippi B. the Missouri C. the Hudson D. the Ohio 41. Among the following rivers, _____ forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the U.S. A. the Potomac B. the Columbia C. the Rio Grande River D. the Colorado 42. All the following universities and colleges are located in New England, except _____. A. Yale B. Harvard C. Oxford D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology 43. The nation’s capital city Washington D.C. and New York are located in _____. A. the American West B. the Great Plains C. the Midwest D. the Middle Atlantic States 44. The Midwest in America’s most important _____ area. A. agricultural B. industrial C. manufacturing D. mining in dustry 45. In the case of Brown versus Board of Education, the Supreme Court ruled that _____. A. separate educational facilities had been illegal B. educational facilities had been separate but equal C. educational facilities had been equal D. separate educational facilities were inherently unequal 46. The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed in _____. A. 1882 B. 1883 C. 1900 D. 1924 47. The first immigrants in American history came from ____ and ____. A. Ireland/France B. England/China C. Scotland/England D. England/Netherland 48. Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Roots are two novels which give a vivid description of the miserable life of the _____. A. early settlers B. Puritans C. native Indians D. black slaves 49. According to American historians and specialists in demography, there are _____ great population movement in the history of the United States. A. two B. three C. four D. five 50. Many early Chinese immigrants worked in the mining industry, especially in the _____. A. gold mines B. silver mines C. coal mines D. copper mines 51. The Declaration of Independence was drafted by _____. A. James Madison B. Thomes Jefferson C. Alexander Hamilton D. George Washington 52. On July 4, 1776, _____ adopted the Declaration of Independerce. A. the First Continental Congress B. the Second Continental Congress C. the Third Continental Congress D. the Constitutional Convention 53. The victory of _____ was the turning point of the War of Independence. A. Saratoga B. Gettysburg C. Trenton D. Yorktown 54. Ten amendments introduced by James Madison in 1789 were added to the Constitution. They are knows as _____. A. the Articles of Confederation B. the Bill of Right C. the Civil Rights D. Federalist Papers 55. President Jefferson bought _____ from France and doubled the country’s territory. A. New Mexico B. the Louisiana Territory C. Kansas D. Ohio 56. The Declaration of Independence came from the theory of British philosopher _____. A. Paul Revere B. John Locke C. Cornwallis D. Frederick Douglass 57. During the WWII, the Axis powers were mainly made up by __. A. Germany, France and Japan B. France, Japan and Britain C. Germany, Italy and Britain D. German, Italy and Japan 58. The Progressive Movement is a movement demanding government regulation of the _____ and _____ conditions. A. economy/political B. social/political C. economy/social D. political/cultural 59. As a result of WWI, _____ was not one of the defeated nations. A. Germany B. Austro-Hungary C. Ottoman D. Russia 60. The aim of President Roosevelt’s New Deal was to “save American _____.” A. economy B. politics C. society D. democracy 答 案 I. Multiple Choices: Choose one right answer from the four choices. 1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. C 15. D 16. B 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. C 22. B 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. D 32. D 33. A 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. D 40. D 41.C 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. D 46. A 47. D 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. B 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. B 56. B 57. D 58. C 59. D 60. D 61. C 62. B 63. D 64. C 65. D 66. D 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. D 71. B 72. B 73. B 74. D 75. D II. Fill in the blanks: 1. Ceographically speaking, the north and west of Britain are _HIGHLANDS_____, while the east and south-east are mostly____LOWLANDS 2. Welsh is located in the __WEST___ of Great Britain. 3. The ancestors of the English ____ANGLO-SAXONS_, while the Scots, Welsh and Irish the ___CELTS___. 4. In the mid-5th century, three Teuronic tribes _____JUTES _, ___SAXONS__, and __ANGLES___ invaded Britain. Among them, the ___ANGLES__ gave their name to English people. 5. The battle of _____HASTINGS__ witnessed the death of Harold in October, 1066. 6. Under William, the ___FEUDAL___ system in England was completely established. 7. The property record in William’s time is known as ___DOMESDAY BOOK___, which was compiled in ___1086__. 8. ___THOMAS BECKET__’s grave became a place of pilgrimage in and beyond chaucer’s time after he was murdered. 9. ____BLACK DEATH__ was the deadly bubonic plague, which reduced England’s population from four million to ___TWO MILLION___ million by the end of the 14th century. 10. One of the consequences of the Uprising of 1381 was the emergence of a new class of ___YEOMEN___ farmers. 11. James I and his son Charles I both believed firmly in ___THE DEVINE RIGHT OF KINGS ___. 12. During the Civil War, the Cavaliers supported __THE KING______, while the Roundheads supported ___THE PARLIAMENT____. 13. After the Civil War, Oliver Cromwell declared England a ___COMMONWEALTH___, later, he became ______LORD PROTECTOR___. 14. In 1707, the Act of ____UNION___ united England and ____SCOTLAND__. 15. The two parties originated with the Glorious Revolution were ___WHIGS__ and ____TORIES___. The former were the forerunners of the ___LIBERAL___ Party, the latter were of the _CONSERVATIVE_____ party. 16. In 1765, the Scottish inventor __JAMES WATT___ produced a very efficient _STEAM ENGINE____ that could be applied to textile and other machinery. 17. After the Industrial Revolution, Britain became the “_WORKSHOP_____” of the world. 18. During the Second World War _____WINSTON CHURCHILL___ led Britain to final victory in 1945. 19. In 1974 and 1977, the two __OIL____ shock caused inflation to rise dramatically. 20. Natural gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under ___THE NORTH SEA____. 21. ____SCOTLAND___ has Europe’s largest collection of foreign owned chip factories. 22. New industries in Britain include__MICROPROCESSORS____, __COMPUTER____ and other high-tech industries. 23. The party which wins the second largest number of seats becomes the official __OPPOSITION____, with its own leader and “_____SHADOW_ cabinet”. 24. The Prime Minister is appointed by __THE QUEEN____, and his/her official residence is _NO.10 DOWNING____. 25. There are two tiers of local government throughout England and Wales: _COUNTRY COUNCILS____ and _DISTRICT COUNCILS_____. 26. The criminal law in Britain presumes the __INNOCENCE___ of the accused until he has been proved guilty beyond reasonable doubt. 27. The jury usually consists of __12_____ persons in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and __15___ persons in Scotland. 28. The ultimate court of appeal in civil cases throughout the UK is ___THE HOUSE OF LORDS ____. 29. In Britain the welfare state applies mainly to __THE NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE___, national insurance and ___SOCIAL SECURITY___. 30. The two established churches in Britain are _THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND ___ and __THE CHURCH OF SCOTLAND___. 31. Education in the UK is compulsory for all between the ages of5 (_____4_ in Northen Ireland) and __16___. 32. In the past children in Britain were allocated to different secondary schools on the basis of selection tests known as __ELEVEN-PLUS_____, which was replaced by __COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOL____. 33. Education after 16 in the UK is divided into ___FURTHER EDUCATION __ and __HIGH EDUCATION____. 34. The most-known universities in Britain are ___OXFORD__ and _CAMBRIDGE____ which date from the __12TH___ and __13TH___ centuries. 35. In __1959__, Alaska and Havaii became the 49th and 50th states. 36. In the Great Lakes, only _LAKE MICHIGAN____ belongs to U.S. completely while the other four are shared with Ganada. 37. ____ALASKA___ is separated from the main land by Canada. 38. The Rockies, the backbone of the North American Continent, is also known as _THE CONTINENTAL DIVIDE____. 39. __TEXAS___ is the largest continental state in area in the U.S. 40. The West can be divided into three parts: the Great Plains, the Rocky Mountains and __THE INTERMOUNTAIN BASIN AND THE PLATEAU___. 41. The South is the headquarters of a large segment of the __ROCKET____ and ____MISSILE____ industry. 42. New England is sometimes called the __BIRTHPLACE____ of America. 43. _MOBILTY______ is considered to be one of the characteristics of the American people since one in five moves to a new home every year. 44. The first blacks were brought to north America as slaves in __1619___. 45. The largest group of Asian-Americans are the ___CHINESE-AMERICANS___. II. Fill in the blanks: 1. highlands, lowlands 2. west 3. Anglo-Saxons, Celts 4. Jutes, Saxons, Angles, Angles 5. Hastings 6. feudal 7. Domesday Book, 1086 8. Thomas Becket 9. Black Death, two 10. yeomen 11. the Divine Right of Kings 12. the king, the Parliament 13. Commonwealth, Lord Protector 14. Union, Scotland 15. Whigs Tories Liberal Conservative 16. James Watt steam engine 17. workship 18. Winston Churchill 19. oil 20. the North Sea 21. Scotland 22. microprocessors and computer, biotechnology 23. Opposition, shadow 24. the Queen, No. 10 Downing 25. country councils, district councils 26. innocence 27. 12, 15 28. the House of Lords 29. the National Health Service, social security 30. the Church of England, the Church of Scotland 31. 5, 4, 16 32. eleven-plus, comprehensive schools 33. further education, high education 34. Oxford, Cambridge, 12th, 13th 35. 1959 36. Lake Michigan 37. Alaska 38. the Continental Divide 39. Texas 40. the Intermountain Basin and Plateau 41. rocket/missile 42. birthplace 43. Mobility 44. 1619 45. Chinese-Americans III. Explain the following terms. 1. the Hardian’s Wall: 2. Alfred the Great 3. William the Conqueror 4. the battle of Hastings 5. Domesday Book 6. the Great Charter 7. the Hundred Years’ War 8. Joan of Arc 9. the Black Death 10. the Wars of Roses 11. Bloody Mary 12. Elizabeth I 13. Oliver Cromwell 14. the Bill of Rights 15. Whigs and Tories 16. James Watt 17. Winston Churchill 18. Agribusiness 19. the British Constitution 20. Queen Elizabeth II 21. the Opposition 22. the Privy Council 23. common law 24. the jury 25. the NHS 26. comprehensive schools 27. public schools 28. the Great Lakes 29. New England 30. baby boom 31. the Chinese Exclusion Act 32. the Bill of Rights 33. the Emancipation Proclamation 34. the Constitutional Convention 35. the Progressive Movement 36. the Peace Conference 37. the Truman Doctrine: 38. the Marshall Plan 39. the New Frontier 40. checks and balances: IV. Answer briefly the following questions: 1. What do you know about the Roman invasion of Britain? 2. Why did the William the Conqueror invade England after Edward’s death? 3. What were the consequences of the Norman Conquest? 4. What were the contents and the significance of the Great Charter? 5. What do you know about the English Renaissance? 6. Why did the Restoration take place? 7. How did the “Glorious Revolution” break out? What was the significance of it? 8. What is your comment on land enclosures in England? 9. How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed? 10. What do you know about the Chartist Movement and the People’s Charter? What’s your comment on them? 11. How did the Labour Party come into being? 12. What is a constitutional monarchy? When did it begin in Britain? 13. What is the role of the Monarchy in the British government? 14. What are the main functions of Parliament? 15. Why do the criminal convicts like to be tried first before the magistrates’ courts? 16. What does the civil courts system do? 17. What is meant by the term “welfare state” in Britain? 18. What is the most important established Church in Britain? How is it related to the Crown and linked with the State? 19. What distinguishes the Open University from all other British Universities? 20. Say something about the three immigration waves. 21. Why did the early settlers come to America? Who were the Pilgrims? Who were the Puritans? What were the features in the colonial period which had influence on later American development? 22. What were the causes of the War of Independence? 23. What was unusual about the Article of Confederation? What was the struggle at the Constitutional Convention? How was the conflict solved? 24. Why did the Civil War break out? How did the war end? 25. What were the contents of the New Deal? 26. What was the impact of the Vietnam War-on American society? 27. Who was McCarthy and what was McCarthyism? 28. What is counterculture? What are some of the forms of counterculture? 29. What are the functions of the Congress? 30. What are some of the characteristics of American education? III. Explain the following terms. 1. the Hardian’s Wall: It was one of the two great walls built by the Romans to keep the Picts out of the area they had conquered. 2. Alfred the Great Alfred was a strong kin