建筑节能技术

null建筑节能技术 * 建筑节能技术 null* 建筑能耗包括建材生产能耗、建筑施工能耗和建筑使用能耗，其中建筑使用能耗占80-90%。 建筑使用能耗主要包括采暖、通风、空调、照明、炊事燃料、家用电气、热水供应等。 建筑节能就是节约建筑物的能源消耗，减少能源损失，提高能源利用率。 第一节 建筑节能的紧迫性Built EnvironmentBuilt Environment Health Safety Comfort Environment Sustainability 建筑环境与设备工程建筑环境与设备工程改善人类工作、生活与居住条件，提供一个健康舒适、和安全的生活、工作环境。 它包括供热、供燃气、通风空调和制冷、消防、照明、电气电梯安装、弱电通信、保安、室内给排水、建筑周边环境、室内空气品质等。 对现代建筑而言，一般标准的办公楼，建筑设备可占总造价的三分之一，运行、维护费用的四分之三以上。 必须考虑能源效益、环境影响及环境问题null能源在建筑中的应用null能源在建筑中的应用Sustainable DevelopmentSustainable Development‘Sustainable development is development, which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.’   World Commission on Environment and Development, 1983 中国建筑能效的背景 中国建筑能效的背景预测到2015年民用建筑保有量的一半是2000年以后新建的，并认为中国没有注重建筑节能，从而每年新增7～8亿平方米的不节能的建筑在未来几十年里将无节制地消耗大量能源。 到2000年末，我国建筑年消耗商品能源共计3.76亿吨标准煤，占全社会终端能耗总量的27.6% 。其中采暖空调能耗约占建筑能耗65%左右 建筑用能正在持续快速上升，其所占全社会能耗的比重不断增大。将从目前的27%左右上升到2020年的35%左右。 nullClimate changeClimate changeBuildings in the UK. account for over 40% of the nation’s energy consumption and resultant carbon dioxide emissions, which is recognized cause of global warming and climate change. null英国温室气体排放World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal Use (2001)World Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Coal Use (2001)World Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2001)World Carbon Dioxide Emissions (2001)nullClimate Changenull全球气候变化及其影响CO2 emissionsCO2 emissionsIncrease in the atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxidenull 科学家近日预言，由于全球温室效应使得南北极冰山融解、海平面上升，进而造成许多海岛地区沉入海底。台湾岛内的环境专家也大胆预言：“台湾陆沉的速度必然加速！” 　　null第二节　建筑节能综合性措施 建筑节能是一个系统工程，必须在能源利用的各个环节和系统从规划 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 到运行的全过程中贯彻节能的观点，才能取得较好的效果。 null建筑节能的途径建筑设计建筑设备建筑使用者新能源利用nullBuilding Design一、建筑设计Integrated approach to sustainabilityIntegrated approach to sustainability3. Site analysis5. Building material selection strategies 6. Building services strategies4. Building analysisEcological Social Economic 1. Climate Analysis2. Microclimate AnalysisSocial IssuesSocial IssuesSecurity Poor internal environment 恶劣的iaqCommunity involvementHealth & ComfortAccess存取Recreation消遣 Public transportAmenity舒适Economic IssuesEconomic IssuesEmployment Best value & Whole life costing Rental income Productivity Global Environmental IssuesGlobal Environmental IssuesOzone depletionAcid rainBiodiversity lossClimate changeWater depletionLand depletionFuel depletionResource Waste generationLocal Environmental IssuesLocal Environmental IssuesTraffic congestion阻塞Ecological footprint Poor internal environment IAQ & Comfort Acoustics声学 Controls Impact on microclimate Poor wind environment Solar & light accessIncreased Toxicity Increased Eutrophication 富营养Photochemical光化学 oxidation Integrated approach to sustainabilityIntegrated approach to sustainabilityBuilding Design & Services StrategyReduced air leakage渗漏 Super-Insulation Advanced DHW systemsEnergy efficient lightingHeat recovery & Natural ventilationPassive/ low-energy cooling systemsEfficient heating systemsHarvesting renewablesnullLessons from vernacular 本国的traditions… …archetypes原型 for the future?nullProject ExamplesLA Courthouse, USA System selection Displacement置换 ventilation Fan Powered Boxes Passive cooling Night time cooling Double Skins External Shading Natural ventilationnullThermal Mass & Passive Cooling• The earth is at a constant 12 – 14ºC throughout the year. This is an ideal cooling source • Termites use the same principle of thermal mass to keep their homes cool but in a vertical form • By combining these two principles (horizontal labyrinths & vertical earth – tubes) free cooling can be provided for a substantial period Project ExamplesnullWind RosesWind tunnel analysisCFD analysisWind PowerANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODSnullDouble skin 双面层Sun path diagramSolar access analysisANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODS Study of Solar Heat GainnullANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODSStudy of Well-Being and Productivity Theory Physics captured: Air temperature Relative humidity Air movement Working space Noise Day Lighting visual performance nullThe improvement of an overall workspace will influence the well being and the productivity of the staff.ANALYTICAL DESIGN METHODSThe relaxing property of Comfort will encourage the costumer to stay longer, with an increased probability of higher quantity of purchasesStudy of Well-Being and Productivitynull2、建筑物围护结构的节能措施 1、建筑物的规划设计 nullnullnullnullnullnullnullnull　提高能量利用效率冷热源系统的节能二、建筑设备nullnull　三、热回收、废热与可再生能源的应用 nullnullnullnullnullnull四、建筑的使用者强化管理楼宇程控系统——智能建筑