中医英语课后答案1、2、5、6、7练习答案

第一课 1． 术语翻译 1. traditional Chinese medicine; TCM 2. basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine 3. clinical experience 4. treatment based on syndrome differentiation 5. miscellaneous diseases 6. Chinese pharmacy 7. four properties and five tastes 8. acupuncture and moxibustion; acumox 9. classical Chinese philosophy 10. sweating therapy; diaphoresis 11. purgation 12. vomiting therapy; emetic therapy 13. the School of Reinforcing the Earth 14. etiology 15. prescription; formula 16. medical practice 17. therapeutic principles 18. herbs cold and cool in nature 19. nourishing yin and reducing fire 20. diseases caused by blood stagnation 2． 句子翻译 1. TCM has a history of thousands of years and is a summary of the Chinese people’s experience in their struggle against diseases. 2. TCM has a unique and integrated theoretical system. 3. TCM is a science that studies the rules of life as well as the occurrence, progress, prevention and treatment of diseases. 4. Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine has laid a solid foundation for the formation of theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. 5. Classic of Difficulties has supplemented what was unaddressed in the Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine in many respects, especially in pulse lore. 6. Discussion on the Causes and Symptoms of Various Diseases is the earliest extant monograph on the causes and symptoms of diseases in China. 7. Yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient. 8. Internal impairment of the spleen and stomach causes various diseases. 9. Compendium of Materia Medica is recognized as a monumental work in the history of Chinese materia medica and a great contribution to the development of pharmacology in the world. 10. Traditional Chinese materia medica includes not only medicinal herbs, but also minerals and animal parts. 11. In the Jin and Yuan Dynasties, there appeared the so-called four great medical schools. 12. Zhang Congzheng believed that all diseases were caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and advocated that pathogenic factors should be driven out by means of diaphoresis, emesis and purgation. 13. Liu Wansu believed that “fire-heat” was the main cause of a variety of diseases and that these diseases should should be treated with drugs cold and cool in nature. 14. Li Gao held that “internal impairment of the spleen and stomach would bring about diseases” and emphasized that the most important thing in clinical treatment was to warm and invigorate the spleen and stomach. 15. Zhu Danxi believed that “yang is usually excessive while yin is frequently deficient” and advocated the remedies of nourishing yin and reducing fire in treatment of diseases. 16. Study on Warm Disease is a clinical specialty focusing on the occurrence, progress, diagnosis and treatment of warm diseases. 17. The School of Warm Disease has developed the rules of treatment of warm disease based on syndrome differentiation in light of defensive phase, qi phase, nutritive phase, blood phase and triple energizer. 18. Wang Qingren in the late Qing Dynasty corrected mistakes about anatomy made in ancient medical books and advocated the theory that diseases were caused by blood stagnation. 19. Integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine has paved a new way for the development and modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. 20. Great progress has been made in systematic and experimental study of the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. 第二课 1． 术语翻译 1. five zang-organs; five zang-viscera 2. six fu-organs 3. system of meridians and collaterals 4. holism 5. organic wholenss 6. social attribute 7. (of the five zang-organs) open into 8. sprout, grow, transform, ripen and store 9. diagnostics 10. relationship between pathogenic factors and healthy qi 11. therapeutics 12. common cold due to wind and cold 13. different therapeutic methods used to treat the same disease 14. the same therapeutic method used to treat different diseases 15. balance of water metabolism 16. clearing away heart fire 17. nature of disease 18. treating the left side for curing diseases located on the right side 19. drawing yang from yin 20. treating the lower part for curing diseases located on the upper part 2． 句子翻译 1. The theoretical system of TCM is mainly characterized by holism and treatment based on syndrome differentiation. 2. TCM believes that the human body is an organic whole. 3. The constituent parts of the human body are interdependent in physiology and mutually influential in pathology. 4. The holism permeates through the physiology, pathology, diagnosis, syndrome differentiation and treatment of diseases. 5. Changes in the natural world directly or indirectly influence the human body. 6. Qi and blood in the human body tend to flow to the exterior in spring and summer and to the interior in autumn and winter. 7. The heart opens into the tongue and is internally and externally related to the small intestine. 8. TCM has noticed that the fact that social activity psychologically influences human beings. 9. According to TCM, the body and spirit coexist, interacting with each other and influencing each other. 10. Yang qi in the human body tends to flow to the exterior in the daytime and to the interior at night. 11. Regional differences, to some extent, influences the physiological activities of the human body. 12. Syndrome is a generalization of pathological changes at a certain stage during the course of a disease. 13. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation, one of the characteristics of TCM, is the basic principle in TCM for understanding and treating diseases. 14. Syndrome includes the location, cause and nature of a disease as well as the state of pathogenic factors and healthy qi. 15. Differentiation of syndrome and treatment of disease are two inseparable aspects in diagnosing and treating diseases. 16. Clinically doctors pay great attention to the differentiation of diseases. But therapeutically they care more about the differentiation of syndromes because diseases can be cured by treating syndromes. 17. Syndrome can comprehensively and accurately reveal the nature of a disease. 18. Different diseases may demonstrate the same syndrome because of the similarity in pathogenesis. 19. If the syndrome of middle qi sinking appears in two different diseases, they all can be treated by the therapeutic method for elevating middle qi. 20. The treatment of diseases in TCM does not only simply concentrate on the difference or similarity of diseases, but on the difference or similarity of pathogenesis. 第五课 1． 术语翻译 1. 藏象学说doctrine of visceral manifestations 2. 五脏六腑five zang-organs and six fu-organs 3. 奇恒之腑extraordinary fu-organs 4. 水谷精微nutrients of water and food 5. 传化水谷transmitting and transforming water and food 6. 贮藏精气storing essence 7. 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 里关系internal and external relationship 8. 治疗效应therapeutic effects 9. 临床实践clinical practice 10. 藏而不泻storage without discharge 11. 泻而不藏discharge without storage 12. 形体诸窍physical build and various orifices 13. 开窍(of five zang-organs) open into 14. 精神情志spirit and emotions 15. 心藏神the heart storing spirit 16. 肺藏魄the lung storing corporeal soul 17. 肝藏魂the liver storing ethereal soul 18. 脾藏意the spleen storing consciousness 19. 肾藏志the kidney storing will 20. 其华在面the luster manifesting upon the face 2． 句子翻译 1. 藏象学说是研究人体各个脏腑的生理功能、病理变化及相互关系的学说。The theory of visceral manifestation studies the physiological functions and pathological changes of viscera and their relations. 2. 藏象学说在中医学理论体系中占有极其重要的地位。The theory of visceral manifestation plays an important role in the theoretical system of TCM. 3. 五脏的共同生理特点是化生和贮藏精气。The common physiological function of the five zang-organs is to transform and store essence. 4. 六腑的共同生理特点是受盛和传化水谷。The common physiological function of the six fu-organs is to receive, transport and transform water and food. 5. 脏病多虚，腑病多实。Diseases of the zang-organs are often of deficiency in nature while diseases of the fu-organs are frequently of excess in nature. 6. 脏实者可泻其腑，腑虚者可补其脏。Excess of zang-organs can be treated by purging the corresponding fu-organs while deficiency of fu-organs can be treated by reinforcing the related zang-organs. 7. 皮肤受凉而感冒，会出现鼻塞、流涕、咳嗽等症状。Common cold due to invasion of cold into the skin is often characterized by stuffy nose, running nose and cough. 8. 肾的精气有促进骨骼生长的作用。Kidney essence is helpful for promoting the growth of skeleton. 9. 心与小肠相表里。The heart and the small intestine are internally and externally related to each other. 10. 五脏与形体诸窍联接成一个整体。The five zang-organs, the body and all the orifices form an organic whole. 11. 脾开窍于口，其华在唇四白。The spleen open into the mouth and its luster is manifested over the lips. 12. 五脏的生理活动与精神情志密切相关。The physiological functions of the five zang-organs are closely associated with the state of spirit and mind. 13. 五脏的生理活动统率全身整体的生理功能。The physiological functions of the five zang-organs play a leading role in the physiological functions of the whole body. 14. 五脏的生理功能之间的平衡协调是维持机体内在环境相对恒定的重要环节。The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orifices is key to the relative stability of the internal environment of the body. 15. 五脏与形体诸窍的联系维系着机体内外环境之间的相对平衡协调。The normal relationship between the five zang-organs and the body and all the orifices maintains the relative balance between the internal environment and external environment of the body. 16. 精神情志和思维意识活动的失常也会影响五脏的生理功能。Disorder of spirit, emotions and mental activity affects the physiological functions of the five zang-organs. 17. 藏象学说的形成虽有一定的古代解剖知识为基础。The formation of the doctrine of visceral manifestation was, to a certain extent, based on the knowledge of anatomy in ancient times. 18. 有诸内，必形诸外。The state of the internal organs must be manifested externally. 19. 藏象学说对脏腑的认识大大超越了人体解剖学的脏腑范围。The knowledge about the viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestation has exceeded the scope of that in modern anatomy. 20. 藏象学说中的脏腑不单纯是一个解剖学的概念，而是概括了人体某一系统的生理和病理学的概念。The viscera in the doctrine of visceral manifestations are not simply anatomic concepts, but the concepts that are used to generalize the physiological functions and pathological changes in the whole body. ❤language points 1. 所以《素问 五脏别论》说：所谓五藏者，藏精气而不泄也，故满而不能实。六腑者，传化物而不藏，故实而不满也。所以然者，水谷入口，则胃实而肠虚；食下，则肠实而胃虚。故曰，实而不满，满而不实也。So in the chapter of special discussion on five zang-organs in su wen, it was described that “the so called five zang organs refer to organs that only store essence but not excrete it; that is the reason why they can be full but not solid. The six fu-organs are in charge of transporting and transforming food, So they can be solid but not full. The reason is that the stomach becomes full and intestines remain empty when food is taken into the stomach through the mouth; the intestines become solid and the stomach gets empty when food is transported downward. That is what to be full but not be solid and to be solid but not to be full means. 2. 精气为满，水谷为实。五脏但藏精气，故满而不实；六腑则不藏精气，但受水谷，故实而不满也。Essence is characterized by fullness and food by solidness. Since the five zang-organs only store essence, they can just be full, but not solid; the function of six fu-organs is to receive food and but to store essence, they can only be solid but not full. 第六课 1． 术语翻译 1. the heart governing blood and vessels 2. sufficiency of heart qi 3. rosy complexion 4. sufficiency of blood 5. unsmooth vessels 6. lusterless complexion 7. thin and weak pulse 8. the heart storing spirit 9. sweat and blood sharing the same origin 10. ascending, descending, going out and going in 11. dispersion, purification and descent 12. regulating water passage 13. the spleen governing transportation and transformation 14. nutrients of water and food 15. stoppage of water and fluid 16. acquired base of life 17. regulating qi activity 18. upward adverse flow of liver qi 19. innate essence 20. the kidney receiving qi 2． 句子翻译 1. The main physiological function of the heart is to control blood vessels and govern the mind. 2. The vessels are the passages in which blood flows. 3. Sufficient heart qi, abundant blood and smoothness of vessels are prerequisite to normal circulation of blood. 4. Pathological changes of the heart can be observed from the tongue. 5. The respiratory function of the lung directly influences the production of thoracic qi. 6. Failure of the lung to disperse inevitably leads to dyspnea, chest oppression, cough and panting. 7. Hypofunction of the lung in regulating water passage will lead to production of phlegm and retained fluid due to stagnation of water. 8. The pathological changes of the lung are mainly manifested in the nose and throat. 9. Transportation and transformation of water and food means to digest food and absorb nutrients from food. 10. Failure of the spleen to transport normally refers to hypofunction of the spleen in transporting and transforming the nutrients of water and food. 11. The spleen is the acquired base of life and the source of qi and blood production. 12. All diseases are caused by weakness of the spleen and stomach. 13. The main physiological function of the liver is to control free flow of qi and store blood. 14. Stagnation of qi will affect blood circulation as well as distribution and metabolism of body fluid. 15. Insufficiency of blood or failure of the liver to store blood will cause scanty menstruation or even amenorrhea. 16. Sufficient blood stored in the liver and normal function of the liver to regulate blood enable the limbs to get necessary energy for their movement. 17. The kidney governs growth, development and reproduction. 18. The essence stored in the kidney includes innate essence and acquired essence. 19. If the function of the kidney to receive qi is normal, breath will be smooth and even. 20. Though urine is discharged from the bladder, it depends on qi transforming activity of the kidney to accomplish such a discharge. 第七课 1． 术语翻译 1. extraordinary fu-organs 2. isolated fu-organ 3. digest water and food 4. anus 5. remaining part of liver qi 6. upper energizer 7. separating the lucid from the turbid 8. residue of foods 9. The large intestine governs thin body fluid 10. bile 11. The small intestine governs thick body fluid 12. primary digestion 13. essential qi 14. the seven important portals 15. The gallbladder is responsible for making judgment 16. discharge waste 17. occurrence of menstruation 18. epiglottis 19. morphological hollowness 20. transporting and transforming water and food 2． 句子翻译 1. The gallbladder excretes bile to promote the small intestine to digest food 2. The main physiological function of the gallbladder is to store and excrete bile. 3. Bile is transformed from the essence in the liver. 4. The main physiological function of the stomach is to receive and digest water and food. 5. After primary digestion, the food in the stomach is transferred to the small intestine. The nutrient of food is then transported and transformed to nourish the whole body by the spleen. 6. Food is further divided into nutrient and residue after further digestion in the small intestine. 7. The small intestine also absorbs large quantity of liquid when it absorbing nutrients from food. 8. The so-called “lucid” refers to the nutrients of water and food while the so-called “turbid” refers to the residue of food. 9. If the function of the small intestine to separate the lucid from the turbid, the activity of defecation and urination will be normal. 10. The main physiological function of the large intestine is to receive the waste part of foodstuff transmitted down from the small intestine, absorb part of the liquid from the waste and transform the rest part into feces to be discharged from the anus. 11. The bladder stores and discharge urine through the function of qi transformation of the kidney. 12. The stomach and the spleen are internally and externally related to each other. 13. The upper energizer functions as a sprayer. 14. The middle energizer functions as a fermentor. 15. The lower energizer functions as a drainer. 16. The extraordinary fu-organs are morphologically similar to the fu-organs and functionally similar to the zang-organs. 17. The common function of the six fu-organs is to transport and transform water and food and discharge waste. 18. The intelligence and memory of man are associated with the function of the brain. 19. The brain is the house of the primordial spirit. 20. The uterus is the organ where menstruation takes place and fetus is conceived.