美国财务报表与中国财务报表的区别（英文）

the difference between U.S. Financial Statements and China's Financial Statements First, differences in the content of financial reports comparing the composition 1. American financial report includes three basic financial statements, in addition to the typical large U.S. company financial report also includes the following components: the shareholders the income statement, earnings and comprehensive income, management reporting, independent audit report, management discussion and analysis of the selected financial data comparing 5-10 years, selected quarterly data. 2. Our country far from the annotation of financial reporting and the United States is rich in content, methods, and diverse. China's comments section includes the accounting statements and financial statement, which is the main statements, which include: the premise does not meet the description of accounting, accounting policies and changes, changes in accounting estimates, accounting errors, or issues , the balance sheet date, related party relationships and transactions, events, etc., revealing method is the bottom note and marginalia. Note the contents of the U.S. accounting much richer, than most of its length its financial statements, including accounting policies, tips, reports of specific projects to add that the report format is difficult to reflect the content and business conditions, etc., for violation of consistency, principle of comparability issues, comments are also required to be revealed, but also reveals many ways, such as marginal notes, bottom note, in parentheses, supplementary statements, schedules and information analysis report. Second, the comparison between the financial statements format 1. From the balance sheet format, the U.S. has two presentations, the account type and reporting style, and our use of account type. In addition, our balance sheet is too standardized use of terms, not better reflect the unique business issues or to adapt to a unique type of enterprise, while the U.S. balance sheet, the term is diversified. In addition, the Financial Accounting Standards also established the owner's investment and the owners sent in the two elements of the balance sheet, which is China's accounting standards do not have. 2. From the income statement format point of view, the same United States, have adopted multi-step, both the operating profit and income statement items are divided into two parts, non-operating profits, but its meaning is different. The scope of our operating profit than in the U.S. is small, such as investment income in the United States are classified as operating profit in the country are not for business profit. In addition, our income statement items of the normative and more stringent than the United States, the United States to regulate the income statement only from the categories of projects. Reported income, can be combined sales revenues and other income as a, can also be of interest income, rental income and investment income single; In terms of costs, not strictly divided into the management of costs, financial costs and marketing costs, and often the selling expenses and general administrative expenses combined lists will be depreciation, interest expense separately, and some will be net interest income separately. In addition, SEC asked the U.S. to be listed in the income statement figures for three years, which includes comparative figures for the previous two years. U.S. Financial Accounting Standards No. 130 requires notice of "other comprehensive income income statement" as a second income statement, included in the financial report. 3. On the cash flow statement, the main difference is that the preparation method. U.S. cash flow tables in two ways: direct and indirect methods, practical application, the indirect method is more popular. Although the direct method because it is more reasonable, but need to change the form of corporate reporting and disclosure of sensitive corporate information on actual cash flow, and if many kinds of corporate cash flows, balance of payments channel complex, using the direct method would be very difficult. In addition, the same income statement, the United States three years of data required, and China's "Enterprise Accounting Standards - Cash Flow Statement" prepared by direct methods and requirements, and only asks for the data year. In addition, some U.S. companies will issue a cash flow forecast. Third, information disclosure Comparison 1. Comparison of financial reporting laws and regulations. In standardizing accounting information disclosure of listed companies in terms of legislation, the United States are the "Securities Law" and "Securities Exchange Act"; while China's major addition to the "Company Law", "Securities Law" and other relevant laws and regulations binding principle, but also information disclosure by the SFC rules and the Ministry of Finance accounting standards law. Regulate the disclosure of accounting information, the U.S. legislation emphasizes three aspects: mandatory disclosure, mandatory auditing, legal liability. U.S. accounting information disclosure system constituted by the three major systems: accounting standards, disclosure rules of accounting information systems, auditing standards system. Also stressed in the mandatory disclosure of mandatory auditing, legal liability these three aspects, but our legal liability for the timeliness of information disclosure in civil liability not provided for, there are some principles of the provisions are too abstract and not specific to facilitate judicial operation. In the U.S., accounting standards-setting bodies such civil institutions is the FASB, SEC is retained on the FASB accounting standards developed by the supervision authority and veto power. In China, the accounting standards setting body is the Government institution --- Ministry of Finance. China's listed companies is currently running in January 2001 the Ministry of Finance introduced the "enterprise accounting system." 2. Forecast financial information disclosure. Forecast financial information of listed companies is based on its production plans and business environment, reflected publicly disclosed the company's future financial position, operating results and other forward-looking financial information, financial reports of listed companies is an important part. Predictability of public disclosure of financial information to investors and creditors to understand the market situation of the company's future production and operation, and accordingly make a reasonable and effective investment decisions, which prevent and reduce investment risks. From the 20th century, 40 years, the U.S. securities industry and the accounting profession on the forecast financial information on the disclosure of the issue of a special, after half a century of development, during which experienced by the embargo to encourage but not mandatory disclosure policy evolution, is now forming a more complete information disclosure system. Currently, the U.S. listed companies to provide investors with the predictability of the phenomenon of financial information has been very common, and our system of financial information disclosure is also a lack of predictive information disclosure. 3. Sheet disclosure. Information sheet provided by the enterprise can help users of accounting information for economic decision-making and who can not be reflected in the financial reporting accounting information. Sheet information, including non-financial information, financial and non financial information analysis. Our financial statements present the information provided by most of the financial information, such information is not comprehensive report has been unable to meet the needs of users. As the American Association for Investment Management and Research Council said, "users of financial reports need to be able to report information on all economic activities in enterprise reporting, from such statements for them to pick the information they need." U.S. financial reporting full use of this form of disclosure of information sheet will not be recognized in the report information, such as human resources, information, natural resources information, difficult to measure the derivative financial instruments information, and environment information, etc., through the sheet disclosure of the report so that investors and creditors to obtain more adequate information to facilitate their decision-making.