专业英语四级阅读1

Exercise 1 PART V READING COMPREHENSION In this section there are several reading passages followed by twenty questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on your answer sheet. TEXT A Transgenic technology has made certain contributions to enhancing agricultural productivity. By manipulating and crossing the genes of certain species of plants, crops can be healthier, bigger, cleaner and tastier--but the result is "frankenfood,” products made from these modified plants. Since the United States began to grow gene-modified plants on a large scale in 1996, gene-modified foods have spread throughout the world at an amazing speed. According to a recent survey, the total area devoted worldwide to gene-modified crops increased from 1.7 million hectares in 1996 to 58.67 million hectares in 2002. About 80 percent of this total was planted with gene-modified beans and corns. China has grown gene-modified crops on an area of more than 67,000 hectares and approved to spread six varieties of these crops, including gene-modified tomatoes and rapes. Gene-modified potatoes and peppers have also debuted on the market. Transgenic technology has been applied for growing cotton reached 1.5 million hectares, accounting for one-third of the country's total cotton output. Beginning on March 20, 2002, China carried out a new provision on management of transgenic agricultural products that the products processed with gene-modified materials must be labelled. On July 1, 2002 the Ministry of Health also issued measures on management of gene-modified food, by which, foods containing modified genes must be labelled. Recently, however, 14 brands of edible oil processed with gene-modified beans found on store shelves had no "gene-modified" labels. The producers were asked to stop selling the oils and have their products labeled within a limited time. As some people still doubt the safety of frankenfoods, producers do not like to label them, worried about a drop in sales. 81. "Frankenfood" refers to A. the plants whose genes are manipulated and crossed B. the crops developed with transgenic technology C. food that is healthier, cleaner and tastier D. food made from gene-modified plants 82. Which of the following statements is true? A. The supply of gene-modified materials has grown in China. B. The Chinese agriculture largely depends on the transgenic technology. C. So far, the transgenic technology has been applied to six varieties of crops. D. Chinese scientists developed the first gene-modified potato in 2002. 83. According to the Ministry of Health in China, A. Since March 20, 2002, all products processed with gene-modified materials have been labelled B. Since March 20, 2002, all products processed with gene-modified materials must be labelled C. Since July 1, 2002, oil made of transgenic beans must be labelled D. Since July 1. 2002, clothes made of transgenic cotton must be labeled 84, The best title for the passage is A. Gene-Modified Crops: New Threat B. Gene-Modified Crops: Fear of Frankenfood C. Gene-Modified Crops: Pleasant Prospect D. Gene-Modified Crops: Labelled in China TEXT B To understand the perspective of third world people it is necessary to understand living conditions and economic conditions in these countries. About one billion people in the third world have only a $20 increase in total income over the last ten years. Sixty-two percent are illiterate; their average life expectancy is fifty years, with an infant mortality rate eight times as high as ours. One out of every two people in these countries is underfed. During the next two decades the world will become four times wealthier but the gap between the rich and poor nations is unlikely to change. According to Professor Ann Carter of Brandies University the "annual per capita incomes in North America will increase by the turn of the century to around $25,000 while poor citizens of the third world will struggle to survive on $300 a year." Today the poorest 30 % of humanity have 3 % of the income. The top 20 % has 66%. Most third world countries depend on one or two primary commodities like rubber, sisal or jute, tropical crops like tea, coffee or bananas, and mineral like copper, tin and aluminum for 50%~90% of their earnings. The prices of these commodities are unstable, being controlled by the world's commodities exchanges in Chicago, New York and London. As a result the Western countries buy something like $30 billion worth of third world countries' raw materials, process them, and sell them on the world market for $200 billion. The difference is the value added and the jobs created in the so-called rich countries of Europe, Canada, United States, Japan, and Australia. Obviously, the answer is for the third world countries to process their own raw materials into finished products and keep that extra $170 billion. 85. Which statement is NOT true about the poor people in the third world? A. Most of them are illiterates. B. Their income only increases by $20 yearly;. C. The infant mortality rate is high. D. Half of them are underfed. 86. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Some people in the third world have no access to education. B. Some people in the third world lack health care. C. Some people in the third world expect sufficient food supply. D. Some people in the third world live in extreme poverty. 87. Why are the prices of commodities from third world countries unstable? A. Their number in production is too large. B. Their quality is unstable, C. Their prices are controlled by the world's commodity exchanges in the developed countries. D. Their competitors from Chicago, New York and London offer better price. 88. The solution to poverty in the third world proposed by the author is to A. sell more raw materials to the developed countries B. stop selling raw materials to the developed countries C. find more job opportunities in the developed countries D. keep the added value and increased employment to themselves 89. The author's overall attitude toward the economic relation between the developed and developing countries is A. critical B. uninterested C. sympathetic D. pleased TEXT C Like the environmental movement, the animal-protection movement is not a monolith. Through thousands of competing groups, two strains of animal activism can be noted. On the one hand, dating back to the 1800's, there is the "anti-cruelty" or "animal welfare" drive. Traditionally, this strain appealed to human sympathy, kindness, morality--we the powerful humans should not make poor animals suffer. The second strain--"animal rights'--was started in 1975 when philosopher Peter Singer published Animal Liberation. Singer rejects the Western and Judeo-Christian view that humans are superior to their fellow animals by virtue of a God-given soul. "All animals are equal," he proclaims, to believe and to act otherwise is ‘speciest’ just as treating women as inferior to men is sexist. Singer argues that animals can suffer, and therefore their suffering must be given equal weight with human interests. Singer writes: "I believe that our present attitudes to these beings are based on a long history of prejudice and discrimination. I argue that there can be no reason--except the selfish desire to preserve the privileges of the superior grouts-for refusing to extend the basic principle of equality of consideration to members of other species." Applying the belief (which is to live morally in Singer's view) requires opposing meat-eating, fur-wearing, animal experimentation and more. It means a revolution in human habits. 90. By saying" the animal-protection movement is not a monolith", the writer means A. there are many strains of animal activism B. thousand of groups of animal activism are competing with each other C. the animal-protection movement has come into being for a long time D. the animal-protection movement is supported by many people 91. What does the word "speciest" mean? A. A person who thinks of men as superior to women. B. A person who thinks of the white as superior to the black. C. A person who thinks of men as superior to animals. D. A veteninary. 92. To fulfill the principle "all animals are equal", human beings should A. be vegetarians B. wear furs C. do experiments with white hog D. get rid of their bad habits TEXT D There are twenty-eight percent of America' s medical hills are of life during the last year. Until our era the vast majority of Americans died at home. Today 80 percent die in hospitals. An estimated 10,000 Americans are being sustained in what doctors call "persistent vegetative state." Maintaining life in an ICU (intensive care unit) costs a minimum of $100,000 dollars annually. That's roughly 1 billion dollars per year to keep heartbeats present in the forever coma. In the survival time of terminally iii patients, there is no difference between home care and hospital care in the cost. Companionship and care of relatives, the comfort of a familiar environment, the security of religion, and medicine to relieve pain could equal or exceed hospital care during a patient's last days. Almost all these patients have made it clear that they would prefer a quiet, dignified death. Yet to extend life a few more days, terminal patients are kept on life support systems, spending more than a person can normally expect to save in a lifetime. In Holland, where Voluntary euthanasia is a practical choice for the terminally ill, one out of six chooses it rather than face a tortured, painful death. Is this not strange? In this country it is not normal to support a terminally ill patient's right to a dignified death and a doctor would be considered negligent if he or she failed to make every effort to keep the person alive a few more days---even if it costs tens or hundreds of thousands of dollars. At the same time, there is no adequately functioning mechanism for calling this same doctor to account when improper treatments causes death in a healthy individual who could otherwise have lived for many more years. 93. What's the main idea of the first paragraph? A. The medical expense increased a lot last year. B. Cost of maintaining life is growing. C. Lots of people die in hospital. D. Lots of people are in coma. 94. What does the underlined "this" in the last paragraph mean? A. In the U.S. euthanasia is widely accepted. B. In the U.S. euthanasia is accepted by many people. C. In the U.S. euthanasia is not widely supported. D. In the U.S. euthanasia is rejected by all the people. 95. In the writer's opinion, what is the most important? A. To reduce the cost of dying. B. To keep dying patients alive for a few more days. C. To accept euthanasia. D. Guarantee the health of healthy people. 96. In developing his point, the author does not make use of __ A. analogy B. example C. contrast D. statistics TEXT E The U.S. is becoming a nation of badly educated, ill-informed fools. You have heard of the alarming statistics already. Whatever the cause, it's time for fresh thinking and new approaches. My own preference is for Waldorf education. My 18-year-old son, Leif, attended a Waldorf school in Lexington, Massachusetts, from nursery school through eighth grade. Waldorf schools emphasize the arts, nature, and spiritual values; keep their students with the same teacher for all of grammar school, teach knitting, geometry, and the recorder to six years old; do not teach kids how to read or do math until they're at least seven years old; and generally turn out young people who get into the colleges of their choice, but more importantly are well prepared for life. The Waldorf School movement is rapidly expanding, with more than 500 schools across the globe. There are public schools in Switzerland that base their curriculums on Waldorf School principles, and this is beginning to happen in Sweden as well. Waldorf Schools are opening this fall in Moscow, Romania, and Germany, and a teacher training school will open soon in Hungary, where the movement is exploding. The board of education in Milwaukee recently passed a resolution to open a Waldorf school system by fall 1991. I hope Milwaukee welcomes Waldorf into the public school system, and I hope this form of education becomes the basis of public school curriculums throughout the United States. Paid I hope it happens soon. 97. What does the author mean by saying "The U.S. is becoming a nation of badly educated, ill-informed fools?" A. There is no good teacher in the U. S.. B. People in the U.S. are reluctant to go to school. C. People in the U.S. have few accesses to information. D. The methodology of education in the U.S. needs reforming. 98. Why does the author mention his son? A. To introduce the. Waldorf education. B. To convince people with personal experiences. C. To give an example of the success of Waldorf education. D. To illustrate the failure of the education in the U. S.. 99. Which statement is true about Waldorf schools? A. They teach practical courses only. B. They teach the children to read and do math before they are seven years old. C. They keep the students with the same teacher from nursery school through eighth grade. D. Not every student there will go to college. 100. The passage is most probably excerpted from A. a novel B. a news report C. a letter D. an essay Exercise 1答案： 81．D． 82．A 83．C 84．B． 85．B． 86．D． 87．C 88．D． 89．A 90．A． ‘ 91．C 92．A 93．B． 94．C． 95．D． 96．A． 97．D． 98．B． 99．D 100．C． PART V 81．D．本题为细节题，（ ）一词为全文关键词，根据第一段最后一句，D是正确答案。 82．A本题为细节题，答案在第三段中，从“转基因作物的种植面积增加”可知。B，C，D都曲解了文章的原意。 83．C本题为细节题，在第四段中可找到卫生部关于食品的规定。答题应注意规定发布的部门和适用范围。 84．B．本题为主旨题，A，C未能对作者的态度作出正确判断，D为细节。 85．B．本题为细节题，答案在第二段的第一句中可以找到。 86．D．本题考查对段落大意的掌握，A，B，C都是细节，从各方面说明第三世界部分人口的贫困状况。D才是本段主旨。 87．C本题为细节题，从第四段最后一句中可以看出。 88．D．本题为细节题，倒数第二段解释了导致贫富差距的原因是发达国家低价购买原料进行加工并从中得益，最后一段指出了第三世界国家应自行加工原料以使自己得益。 89．A本题考查对作者总体立场的掌握。作者对发达国家与发展中国家间的经济关系是不予肯定的。 90．A．本题为细节题，第一段的第二句解释了这句话。 ‘ 91．C本题为细节题，第二段中把物种歧视者和性别歧视做了类比。 92．A本题为细节题，最后一段指出不应吃肉，即提倡素食。 93．B．本题为段落主旨题，A，C，D都是细节，B 总结 初级经济法重点总结下载党员个人总结TXt高中句型全总结.doc高中句型全总结.doc理论力学知识点总结pdf 了全段大意，并支持了全文论点。 94．C本题为细节题，第三段第二句解释了this． 95．D．本题为细节题，第三段最后一句隐含此意。 96．A．本题为篇章结构题。作者引用大量数据从说明维持生命的医疗费数额庞大人手，然后以荷兰为例指出病人也希望死得有尊严，最后对花大钱维持必死病人和对由于治疗不当引起的健康人的死亡的忽视进行对比，而没用A项类比。 · 97．D．本题为细节题，第二段第一句提出美国教育到了使用新思路和新方法的时候，D项和其意相符。 98．B．本题为细节题，考查考生掌握作者举例的目的。作者在第二段第二句提出：他个人推崇Waldorf教育， 他儿子在Walforf学校的经历使他的论点更为可信而不是引入话题。之后，他介绍了Waldorf教育，并未对其优劣直接作出评判，因此A，C，D都不是正解。 99．D本题为细节题，从第二段最后一句可以找到答案。 100．C．本题为文体题，文章中用词较不正式，句式较简单，大量使用第一人称，和B项不符，文章也未对任何事件进行叙述，A，D也不符。 PAGE 5