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have_用法小结have 的用法小结 一、have作实意动词。     1.表示“有”的意思。     Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1) He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2)     〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。     〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have.     Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1)     I have...

have_用法小结
have 的用法小结 一、have作实意动词。     1.表示“有”的意思。     Look, I have wings, just like you. (JBⅤL1) He had fair hair and blue eyes. (JBⅥL2)     〔注1〕:其否定和疑问形式变化,在美国通常用助动词do。     〔注2〕:在英国口语中常用have got代替have.     Look, can’t you see I've got teeth, too,(JBⅤL1)     I haven't got any jewelry.(SBⅠL5)     2.have和一些其他名词连用,表示:     (1)一种活动。     We have no classes on Sunday.(上课)(JBⅡL11)     they’re going to have a volleyball match.(举行比赛)(JBⅢL11)     Are we going to have a meeting this week?(开会)(JBⅢL11)     We are going to have a talk this afternoon.(听 报告 软件系统测试报告下载sgs报告如何下载关于路面塌陷情况报告535n,sgs报告怎么下载竣工报告下载 )(JBⅢL11)     (2)患病。     I have got a headache.(JBⅣL8)     I have a bad cold.(JBⅤL3)     (3)发生的情况。     I've had so many falls that I'm black and blue all over.(跌跤)(JBⅣL10)     (4)生育。     The queen ant may have tens of thousands of babies in one summer.(SBⅠL14)     3.和一与动词同形的名词连用,表示一个动作(have+a+由动词转化和名词)。     Are you going to have a swim.(JBⅢL1)     I have a long talk with the teacher.(JBⅣL10)     4.have on sth.或have sth. on,表示“穿着”、“戴着”(=to be wearing)。     I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.(SBⅡL6)     At the ball Motile had a diamond necklace on.     5.表示“吃”、“喝”。     I wanted to have a cup of tea and some eggs.(JBⅢL10)     Does she have lunch at home?(JBⅡL11)     6.组成复合结构即“have+宾语+宾语补足语”。     (1)不加to的动词不定式作宾语补足语(have sb. do sth.),表示让、叫某人做某事。     The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.(SBⅠL17)     〔注〕:否定结构表示“不能让…”或“从未有人…”.     We won't have you blame it on others.     She had never had anybody speak to her that way before.     (2)现在分词作宾语补足语(have sb.(sth.)doing),表示让(使)某人做某事。     …the two men had their lights burning all night long….     (3)过去分词作宾语补足语(have sb. (sth.)done),表示:     ①使(让,请)别人作某事,表示的动作是别人做的。     Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.(SBⅠL10)     …he should have new clothes made of this splendid cloth for the coming great procession.(SBⅠ L8)     ②遭遇到某事。     Houses near airports sometimes have their windows broken.(SBⅠL12)     Workers in some industries have their hearing harmed by the noise of the machine.(SBⅠL12)    二、have与to一起构成情态动词,表示“不得不”、“必     须”,可用于各种时态。     I have to look after her at home.(JBⅢL4)    三、have做助动词与动词的过去分词一起构成现在完成时     和过去完成时。     Great changes have taken place the last two years.(JBⅥL3)     They said that the Arab had stolen their camel.(JBⅤL4)    四、have用于“情态动词+have+过去分词”的结构,有     推测、假设之意。     1.must+have+过去分词,表示对过去时间发生的动作或存在的情况的推测,一般用于肯定句。     Her father thought that she must have met a fairy.(SBⅠL10)     You must have left your bag in the theatre.     2.can(could)+have+过去分词,表示对过去发生事情的“不肯定”,常用于否定句和疑问句。     He can't have been to your home, he doesn't know your address.     3.should+have+过去分词,表示“某事本该早做而实际未做”,用于肯定句。     You should have been here five minutes ago.(SBⅡL10)    五、have用于某些成语,表示固定的意思。     1.have a word(a few words)with sb.,表示和某人说一(几)句话。     Where's Peter? I want to have a word with him.(SBⅢL13)     2.had better+不带to的动词不定式,表示“…最好…”。     I'd better go and look for him now.(JBⅢL2)     3.have nothing(something)to do with,表示“和…无(有)”关系。     Most of questions had nothing to do with Edison's lessons. 动词have是中学英语课本中出现频率较高的一个普通单词。它既可以作及物动词,也可以用作助动词,其基本意义是“有、拿、受、取、吃、喝、让……”。大多数同学对have表示某人或某物拥有某物的用法比较熟悉。例如:   I have a new pencil-box.   He has two coats.   A desk has four lezs.   但对have的使役用法却知之甚少,或者说对这种用法掌握得还不太好。下面就让我们通过例句来阐明动词have的使役用法。请看下面的例句:   1.He had me mend his bike.   他请我给他修理自行车。   2.The old man had a small house built, for him.   那位老人让人为他建一个小房子。   3.The naughty boy may have me hit.   那个调皮的男孩可能会让人打我。   4.The teacher had the naughty boy standing outside the classroom.   老师叫那位调皮的男孩站在教室外面。   5.I have my friend waiting for me.   我有朋友在等着我。   6.You should have her here.   你应该要她到这里来。   上述例句中的have表示“使、让、请”等意思。除例6中的have之外,其他例句中的have都失去了它原来的“具有”、“拥有”之慈。便役动词have的这类用法可以大致归纳为如下几种句式:   A.have sb do sth   B.have sth or sb done   C.have sb or sth doing   D.have sb or sth+adv   以上四种句式有一个共同点,就是have后都接了一个复合宾语结构,而不同之处就在这个复合宾语结构的构成上,当然意义是各不相同的。句式A:have sb do sth,其意为“要(请)某人干某事”,宾语是人,宾语补足语是不带to的不定式。句式B:have sth or sb done,其意是:“使某事(由某人)来完成”,或“使某人被……”。宾语一般是物,也可以是人,宾语补足语是过去分词。句式c:have sb or sth doing,其意是“允许某人(物)做某事”,另外一层意思是“有某人(物)在干某事”。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语为现在分词。句式D:have sb or sth+adv,可以看作是句式A、B的变形,只是把动词原形或过去分词省略了。宾语可以是人,也可以是物,宾语补足语是副词(表示地点或方向的)。    句式A和句式B所表达的意思基本相同,只是前者强调的是人(让某人做某事),后者强调的是物(“使某事由某人来做”),此时行为者可以不出现。请分析并比较下面的例句:   Please have the boys sweep the road.   Please have the road swept (by the boys).   请让那些男孩打扫一下马路。   Mr Wang will have his students clean the desks in the classroom.   Mr Warg will have the desks cleaned(by his students)in theclassroom.   王先生要他的学生来擦洗教室里的课桌。   句式A和句式B中的have都可以用get来代替,但是用get代替句式A中的have时,宾语补足语要用带t0的不定式,即get sb to do sth。例如上面两个例句可写成:   Please get the .boys to fweep the road.   Mr whng will get his students to clean thedesks in the classroom.   但在表示理发时要特别注意,应该是:   You ought to have(get) your hair cut.   根据以上所述,句式C有两层意思:①有人(物)在做某事;②许可某人(物)做某事。即动词have在这种句式中可能有“具有”(own或possess)的意思。这要根据情况而定,不能生搬硬套。   He has his son waiting for the guest.   他让儿子在等客人。   We have some friends waiting for us upstairs.   我们有几位朋友在楼上等着我们。   Tom said that he had lots of friends coming,   汤姆说他有许多朋友要来。   以上各句中的have都有着这个动词的原意“具有”,即有着某种情况的意思,而没有“使做”的意思,所以,严格说起来,不属于使役用法。但在表示第二层意思的时候,动词have有“允许”或“容忍”的意思,则属于使役的用法,一般用在否定句中。这时,动词have往往可以用allow,let等词代替。例如,   His mother can't have him doing anything.=His mother can't allowhim to do anything。   他的母亲不让他做任何事情。(注意宾语补足语的不同形式。)   Miss.Gao frill hot, have her students smoking in the classroom.   高老师不让她的学生在教室里抽烟。   Mr, Li won't have his wife saying such bad things to her col-   李先生不容许他的妻子讲她同事的坏话。   句式D(have sb or sth+adv)其实是句型A、B的变形。例如:   Do remember to have the boy here.=Do remember to have the come here.   记住把那个男孩带到这儿来。   注意,句式B(have sth or sb done)中的have也未必都是主观意志的“被动”的意思,也就是说不一定都表示主语的意志或吩咐,有时只说明主语的“被动”情况,此时具有suffer或be affected in some way的意思。关于这一点可以通过举例来加以论证,虽说下列例句同句式B一样,但动词have不是“使做”而是“被动”的意思。可以通过举例来阐述此层含义。   1.Mr Green had his purse stolen.   格林先生的钱包被窃去了。(被动)   2.James has his bike mended.   詹姆斯请人把自行车修好了。(使做)   3.Mr Wang has his shoes worn out.   王先生的鞋子给穿破了。(被动)   4.He has such long hair,he should have his hair cut.   他的头发那么长了,应该理发了。(使做)   我们要想了解动词have的使役用法。不仅要掌握它的基本词意和[句式,更要在英语学习中结合不同的语境,勤分析,多思考,这样才能达到对hays的熟练使用。 have是英语中一个非常重要的动词,被戏称为“灵魂动词”或“魔鬼动词”。因其在不同的词组中,具有不同的含义,语法上称这类词为兼类词。现将have的用法简要归纳如下: 一、表示“有” “拥有”的意思时,强调“所属关系”。其主语常为“人或物”。如: My father has many new books.我爸爸有许多新 关于书的成语关于读书的排比句社区图书漂流公约怎么写关于读书的小报汉书pdf 。 I have a new computer.我有一台新电脑。 【注】there be句型表示“有”时强调“某处有某人或某物”,其用法此处不再详述。 二、“have+表示一日三餐的名词”,意为“用餐”。如:have breakfast/lunch/supper吃早饭/午饭/晚饭。 三、“have+表示食品、饮料等名词”,意为“吃;喝”。如:have (some) bread吃面包,have eggs (for breakfast) (早餐)吃鸡蛋,have (a cup of) tea 喝(一杯)茶。 四、“have+表示动作的名词”,没有固定的意思,常与表示动作的名词同义。如: have a rest 休息一下 have a swim 游泳 have a drink (of...)喝一点(……) have a look (at ...)(朝……)看一眼 五、“have+表示某种活动的名词”,意为“进行,举行”。如: have a class (学生) 上课 have a birthday party 举行生日聚会 have+宾语+过去分词 A想对 I employed someone to do something for me(我雇用了某人为我做事)这一类句子作更简洁的表达时,可以用这种结构:即不说 I employed someone to clean my car,而说 I had my car cleaned(我叫人擦了车子)。又如不说 I got a man to sweep my chimneys(这里got= paid/persuaded等),而说I had my chimneys swept(我叫人通了烟囱)。 注意必须用have+宾语+过去分词,否则意思就变了: He had his hair cut. 他理了发。相当于: He employed someone to do it. 他雇人理发。 但是: He had cut his hair.(过去完成时) 他自己理了发。(在说话之前的某个时刻他自己给自己理了发) have这样用时,其否定式和疑问式的现在时和过去时都要用 do来构成: -Do you have your windows cleaned evny month? -I don’t have them cleaned;I clean them myself. -你每月都要叫人擦窗户吗? -我不叫别人擦,我自己擦。 He was talking about having central heating put in.Did he have it put in in the end? 他那会儿总说要找人装暖气。到底装上了没有? 这种结构可以用于进行时态: I can’t ask you to dinner this week as I am having my house painted at the moment. 这一周我不能请你来吃饭了,因为现在我正让人刷房子呢。 While I was having my hair done the police towed away my car. 我(让人)做头发时,警察把我的汽车拖走了。 The house is too small and he is having a room built on. 房子太小了,他正叫人添盖一个房间。 get能够像have一样用于上述句中,但更口语化。句中提到完成动作的那个人的时候,也可以用get: She got him to dig away the snow. 她让他把雪挖走。(她雇/说服他……) (have与不带to的不定式连用也能起同样的作用,如She hadhim dig away the snow。但在英国英语中get结构要常用得多。) B have+宾语+过去分词结构在口语中可以用来代替常表示意外或不幸遭遇的被动态动词。如 His fruit was stolen before hehad a chance to pick it(他树上的果子还没来得及摘就被人偷掉了)可由He had his fruit stolen before he had a chance topick it来代替。Two of his teeth were knoceked out in the fight(他的两颗牙在打架中被打掉了)可由He had two of his teethknocked out…来代替。 在本节A中,可以看到主语是命令别人做某事的人,而在这儿,主语则是承受行为结果的人。这里主语也可以是物: The houses had their roofs ripped off by the gale. 房子被狂风掀掉了屋顶。 这里也可以用get代替have: The cat got her tail singed through sitting too near the fire. 猫坐得太靠近炉火,尾巴上的毛被烤焦了。 had better+不带to的不定式 这里had是指不真实的过去;其含义是现在或将来时: I had/I’d better ring him at once/tomorrow. 我最好还是现在/明天就给他打电话。 其否定式是在better之后加上not: You had better not miss the last bus. 你最好不要误了最后一班公共汽车。(误了这趟车是不明智的或者我劝你/提醒你不要误了这趟车。) had通常在代词后用缩略形式,在口语中有时轻读甚至弱读到将近听不到的地步。 had better通常不用于普通的疑问式,但有时用于否定疑问式,作为一种劝告句式: Hadn’t you better ask him first? 你先问一下他不更好吗?相当于: Wouldn’t it be a good thing to ask him first? 是不是先问一下他比较好? you had better是一种很有用的劝告句式: You had better fly. 你最好是乘飞机走。(我劝你乘飞机走。) 在间接引语中,had better与第一、第三人称连用时保持不变,与第二人称连用时可以保持不变,或者转述为advise+宾语+不定式: He said,‘I had better hurry.’ 他说:“我最好快一点。”相当于: He said(that)he’d better hurry. 他说他最好快一点。 He said,‘Ann had better hurry.’ 他说:“安最好快一点。”相当于: He said(that)Ann had better hurry. 他说安最好快一点。 He said,‘You’d better hurry. 他说:“你最好快一点。”相当于: He said(that) I’d better hurry. 他说我最好快一点。 He advised me to hurry. 他劝我快一点。 have+宾语+现在分词 A 这种说法常常和表示将来某段时间的短语连用: I’ll have you driving in three days. 我将使你在三天之内学会开车。(由于我的努力,过三天你就学会开汽车了。) 但也可以用于过去时和现在时: He had them all dancing. 他使得他们全都跳起舞来。(他教/说服他们都跳舞。) I have them all talking to each other. 我使得他们全都相互交谈起来。(我鼓励/说服他们都相互交谈起来。) 这种结构也可以用于疑问式: Will you really have her driving in three days? 你真的能在三天之内就教会她开车吗? 但通常不用于否定式。 B If you give all-night parties you’ll have the neighbours complaining. 你如果举办通宵晚会,会搞得邻居们都抱怨你的。(邻居们将抱怨你的。) If film-stars put their numbers in telephone books they’d have everyone ring them up. 电影明星们如果把他们的电话号码列入电话簿,就会招致所有的人给他们打电话。(人人都会/不断地给他们打电话)。 在第一例句中you’ll have表达了这样的意思:“你将遭到这样的事”。同样,在第二句中they’d have含有这样的意思:“他们会遭到这样的事”。 If you don’t put a fence round your garden you’ll have people walking inand stealing your fruit. 如果你不把你的果园用篱笆围起来,人们会走进来偷摘果子。(人们将走进来/不断进来偷摘果子,即:你要遭到这类事。) 这种结构可以用于疑问句或否定句中: When they move that bus stop you won’t have people sitting on your steps waiting for the bus any more. 那个公共汽车站迁走之后,再不会有人坐在你的台阶上等公共汽车了。 这种结构主要用于对have的主语来说是不愉快的行为,就如以上的例句所表示的那样。但也可用在并非不愉快的场合: When he became famous,he had people stopping him in the street and asking for his autograph.相当于: When he became famous,people stopped him in the street and asked forhis autograph. 他成名之后,常有人在街上拦住他要他签名。 但I won’t have+宾语+现在分词通常意指“我不能允许或我不允许此事”: I won’t have him sitting down to dinner in his overalls.I make him change them. 我不允许他穿着工作服就坐下吃饭。我要他换衣服。(我不许他坐下……) 这种用法只限于第一人称。 have意指possess(拥有) A have的基本含义是“拥有”: He has a black beard. 他长着黑胡子。 I have had this car for ten years. 这辆车我已经买了十年了。 She will have£4,000 a year when she retires. 她退休后,每年将得到4,000英镑。 B 形式 注意否定式和疑问式可用两种形式构成。 C 为表示习惯动作,do与have连用: -Do you have earthquakes in your country? -Yes,but we don’t have them very often. -你们国家地震吗? -有,但不经常。 have没有“习惯”的含义时,在英国更常用have not(got)/haveyou(got)这些形式,虽然其他说英语的国家(特别是美国)在这种场合也用带do的形式。 美国人可能说: Can you help me now?Do you have time? 你现在能帮我吗?你有时间吗? 而英国人却多半要这么说: Can you help me now?Have you got time? 因此用do的形式始终是稳妥的,但住在英国的外国学生也应该练习其他的形式。 D 如上所示,got可以加到have/have not/have you等结构中去而不引起含义上的变化,因此用不用它完全是随意的,但通常 还是加got。然而got不能加到简略答语或附加疑问中去: -Have you got an ice-axe? -Yes,I have. -你有破冰斧吗? -是的,我有。 She’s got a nice voice,hasn’t she? 她的嗓音很美,是吗? have肯定式)接got时通常可以缩略: I’ve got my ticket. 我拿到票了。 He’s got a flat in Pimlico. 他在皮姆利科岛有一套房子。 这时句子重音在got上,而’ve或’s通常仅勉强能听到。have(肯定式)不和got连用时,常常不缩略,这时have和has就要读清楚。 have意指take(a meal)(吃<饭>), give(a party)(举行<聚会>)等 A have也可以用来表示: take(a meal/food/drink,a bath/a lesson等)(吃<饭>,吃<东西>,喝<东西>,洗<澡>,上<课>等) give(a party)(举行<聚会>),entertain(guests)(招待<客人>) encounter(difficulties/trouble)(遭受<困难或麻烦>) experience(体验),enjoy(享受),通常和形容词如good连用: We have lunch at one. 我们1点钟吃午饭。 They are having a party tomorrow. 他们明天举行聚会。 Did you have trouble with Customs? 你们在海关遇到麻烦没有? I hope you’ll have a good holiday. 我希望你愉快地度过假期。 B have用于表示上述含义时,遵循普通动词的变化规则,它后面决不能跟got。 它的否定式与疑问式用do/did来构成。 它可以用于进行时态。 We are having breakfast early tomorrow. 我们明天一早吃早饭。(不远的将来) She is having twenty people to dinner next Monday. 下星期一她要请20个人吃饭。(不远的将来) I can’t answer the telephone.I am having a bath. 我不能接电话,我正在洗澡。(当前) How many English lessons do you have a week?I have six. 你一周上几节英语课?我上六节。 You have coffee at eleven,don’t you? 你们一般11点钟喝咖啡,是吗?(习惯) Ann has breakfast in bed,but Mary doesn’t. 安经常在床上吃早饭,可玛丽不这样。 Will you have some tea/coffee? 请喝杯茶/咖啡好吗?(这是一种邀请,我们可以省略掉 Will you,即只说 Have some tea等。) Did you have a good time at the theatre? 你在戏院看戏愉快吗?(你过得愉快吗?) Have a good time! 好好地玩吧! I am having a wonderful holiday. 我正在度一个非常愉快的假期。 I didn’t have a very good journey. 我在旅途中不很舒服。 have的这类短语还有很多,只要大家留意,会在以前学习过的课文中发现很多。这种短语还有自己的宾语或其它成分。例如: What a nice photo! Let me have a look (at it). You'd better have a talk with him. have还可以和表示疾病的名词连用,表示正在或曾经生过某种疾病。例如: have a headache 头痛        have a stomachache 胃痛;肚子痛 have a toothache 牙痛       have a sore throat 喉咙痛 have a cough 咳嗽           have a cold 感冒 have a fever 发烧           have a sore back 背痛 如果我们回答医生询问病情时,一般这样来回答: -What's the matter (with you)? -I have a sore foot. -What's the matter (with you)? -I have a bad cold. have的用法还有很多,由于大家尚未接触到,这里就不讲解了。
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