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思科3560交换机中文配置手册

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思科3560交换机中文配置手册 3560客户中文配置手册 第1章 概述··············································································1-1 1.1 概述·················································································1-1 1.2 初次访问设备························································...

思科3560交换机中文配置手册
3560客户中文配置手册 第1章 概述··············································································1-1 1.1 概述·················································································1-1 1.2 初次访问设备·········································································1-1 1.2.1 通过Console口访问设备······························································1-2 第2章 命令行方式访问设备································································2-1 2.1.1 命令行模式·········································································2-1 2.1.2 基本设置命令·······································································2-1 2.2 通过Console口进入命令行接口··························································2-2 2.3 通过Telnet进入命令行接口·····························································2-2 第3章 接口配置··········································································3-1 3.1 概述·················································································3-1 3.2 二层口配置···········································································3-1 3.2.1 配置端口速率及双工模式·····························································3-1 3.3 配置一组端口·········································································3-2 3.4 配置三层口···········································································3-3 3.5 监控及维护端口·······································································3-5 3.5.1 监控端口和控制器的状态·····························································3-5 3.5.2 刷新、重置端口及计数器······························································3-7 3.5.3 关闭和打开端口·····································································3-8 3.6 交换机端口镜像配置···································································3-9 3.6.1 创建一个本地SPAN会话·····························································3-10 3.7 以太通道端口组(Ethernet Port Groups)··················································3-11 第4章 配置VLAN·······································································4-12 4.1 简介················································································4-12 4.2 可支持的VLAN·······································································4-12 4.3 配置正常范围的VLAN·································································4-12 4.3.1 删除VLAN·········································································4-14 4.3.2 将端口分配给一个VLAN·····························································4-15 4.4 配置VLAN Trunks····································································4-16 4.5 配置VTP DOMAIN····································································4-18 4.6 配置VLAN接口地址··································································4-18 第5章 交换机HSRP配置··································································5-1 第6章 路由 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 配置······································································6-3 6.1.1 静态路由···········································································6-3 6.1.2 RIP路由············································································6-3 6.1.3 OSPF路由··········································································6-5 第1章  概 述 1.1  概述 3560交换机是支持二层、三层功能的交换机,共分为EMI,SMI两个版本 Enhanced Multilayer Software Image增强多层软件镜像软件 (EMI) •        EMI提供了一组更加丰富的企业级功能,包括基于硬件的高级IP单播和多播路由。 •        支持双机热备(HSRP),OSPF路由功能. Standard Multilayer Software Image 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 多层软件镜像软件(SMI) •        SMI功能集包括高级QoS、速率限制、访问控制列表(ACL),以及基本的静态和路由信息协议(RIP)路由功能 支持VLAN ·        到1005 个VLAN ·        支持VLAN ID从1到4094( IEEE 802.1Q 标准) ·        支持ISL及IEEE 802.1Q封装 安全 ·        支持IOS标准的密码保护 ·        静态MAC地址映射 ·        标准及扩展的访问列表支持,对于路由端口支持入出双向的访问列表,对于二层端口支持入的访问列表 ·        支持基于VLAN的访问列表 3层支持(需要多层交换的IOS) ·        HSRP ·        IP路由协议 o        RIP versions 1 and 2 o        OSPF o        IGRP及EIGRP o        BGP Version 4 支持以下SFP模块: ·        1000BASE-T SFP: 铜线最长100 m ·        1000BASE-SX SFP: 光纤最长1804 feet (550 m) ·        1000BASE-LX/LH SFP: 光纤最长32,808 feet (6 miles or 10 km) ·        1000BASE-ZX SFP: 光纤最长328,084 feet (62 miles or 100 km) 管理 从用户与设备交互的特点来分,访问设备的方式可以分为命令行方式和Web方式。 l        命令行方式:包括从Console口登录进行访问和通过Telnet登录进行访问; l        Web方式:包括通过HTTP进行的普通Web访问。 1.2  初次访问设备 1.2.1  通过Console口访问设备 用户接收到除去包装的新设备后一般通过Console口第一次登录设备并开始对设备进行配置,过程如下: 第一步:建立本地配置环境,只需将计算机(或终端)的串口通过标准RS-232电缆与此Catalyst 3560设备的Console口连接 第二步:在计算机上运行终端仿真程序(如WinXP的超级终端等),设置终端通信参数为9600bps、8位数据位、1位停止位、无奇偶校验和无流量控制,如图1-1至图1-3所示。 图1-1 新建连接 图1-2 连接端口设置 图1-3 端口通信参数设置 第四步:Catalyst 3560设备上电自检,出现命令行提示符,如:Switch>。 此时用户已经进入到设备命令行配置接口的用户模式,从这里开始就可以参考本手册其余章节对设备进行配置。 第2章  命令行方式访问设备 如果用户通过Console口登录,或者通过Telne从设备管理口登录都将进入到设备的命令行接口,对系统的配置和交互都通过命令行的方式进行。。 2.1.1  命令行模式 命令行接口提供的命令行视图和各视图的功能特性、进入各视图的命令等的细则如表2-1所示。 表2-1 命令视图功能特性列表 模式        功能        提示符        进入命令        退出命令 非特权模式        查看CISCO 设备的简单运行状态        Switch>        开机时自动进入        特权模式        配置系统参数,升级IOS软件,备份配置文件        Switch#        在非特权模式下键入ENABLE        quit返回非特权模式 全局模式        CISCO交换机大部分配置都是在这个模式下进行        Switch(config)#        在特权模式下键入configure terminal        quit返回特权模式 监控模式        升级IOS系统软件        Switch:        开机时摁住面板上的MODE键约5秒钟        2.1.2  基本设置命令   基本设置命令   任务         命令 全局设置         config terminal 设置访问用户及密码         Username username password password 设置特权密码         enable secret password 设置路由器名         Hostname name 设置静态路由         ip route destination subnet-mask next-hop 启动IP路由         ip routing 启动IPX路由         ipx routing 端口设置         interface type slot/number 设置IP地址         ip address address subnet-mask 设置IPX网络         ipx network network 激活端口         no shutdown 物理线路设置         line type number 启动登录进程         login [local|tacacs server] 设置登录密码         Password password 显示命令 任务         命令 查看版本及引导信息         show version 查看运行设置         show running-config 查看开机设置         show startup-config 显示端口信息         show interface type slot/number 显示路由信息         show ip route 2.2  通过Console口进入命令行接口 详细内容请参见“1.2.1  通过Console口访问设备”。 2.3  通过Telnet进入命令行接口 Telnet协议在TCP/IP协议族中属于应用层协议,通过网络提供远程登录和虚拟终端功能。CATALYST 3560向用户提供Telnet服务, 第一步:在计算机上运行Telnet程序,键入CATALYST 3560设备管理IP地址 Switch>enable Switch#conf t Switch(config)# interface vlan 1 Switch(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.20 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)#no shutdown Switch(config-if)#exit Switch(config)#line vty 0 4 Switch(config-line)#login Switch(config-line)#password cisco 如图2-1所示。 图2-1 与CATALYST 3560建立Telnet连接 &  说明: 图2-1中的IP地址为CATALYST 3560设备IP地址,即vlan1的接口地址 第3章  接口配置 3.1  概述 Catalyst 3560支持的以太网接口说明请见下表。 表3-1 Catalyst 3560接口说明 项目        说明 接口类型        FE电接口:符合100Base-TX物理层 规范 编程规范下载gsp规范下载钢格栅规范下载警徽规范下载建设厅规范下载         GE电接口:1000Base-TX物理层规范 工作速率        FE电   接口可以选择10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s两种速率         GE电接口可以选择10Mbit/s、100Mbit/s、1000Mbit/s三种速率 工作模式        自动协商模式 3.2  二层口配置 3560的所有端口缺省的端口都是二层口,如果此端口已经配置成三层端口的话,则需要用switchport来使其成为二层端口。 3.2.1  配置端口速率及双工模式 1. 可以配置快速以太口的速率为10/100Mbps及千兆以太口的速率为10/100/1000-Mbps; 但对于SFP端口则不能配置速率及双工模式,有时可以配置nonegotiate,当需要联接不支持自适应的其它千兆端口时 表3-2 管理口配置         命令        目的 Step 1          configure terminal        进入配置状态. Step 2          interface interface-id        进入端口配置状态. Step 3          speed {10 | 100 | 1000 | auto | nonegotiate}        设置端口速率 注   1000 只工作在千兆口. GBIC模块只工作在1000 Mbps下. nonegotiate 只能在这些GBIC上用 1000BASE-SX, -LX, and -ZX GBIC. Step 4          duplex {auto | full | half}        设置全双工或半双工. Step 5          end        退出 Step 6          show interfaces interface-id        显示有关配置情况 Step 7          copy running-config startup-config        保存 Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/3 Switch(config-if)# speed 10 Switch(config-if)# duplex half 3.3  配置一组端口         命令         目的 Step 1          configure terminal        进入配置状态 Step 2          interface range {port-range}         进入组配置状态 Step 3                  可以使用平时的端口配置命令进行配置 Step 4          end        退回 Step 5          show interfaces [interface-id]        验证配置 Step 6          copy running-config startup-config        保存 见以下例子: Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 5 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)# *Oct  6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:35: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/05, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:24:36: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/4, changed state to up 以下的例子显示使用句号来配置不同类型端口的组: Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface range fastethernet0/1 - 3, gigabitethernet0/1 - 2 Switch(config-if-range)# no shutdown Switch(config-if-range)# *Oct  6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/2, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/3, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/1, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:28: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface GigabitEthernet0/2, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface GigabitEthernet0/ 1, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 2, changed state to up *Oct  6 08:29:29: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/ 3, changed state to up 3.4  配置三层口 Catalyst 3560支持三种类型的三层端口: ·        SVIs: 即interface vlan         Note  当生成一个interface Vlan时,只有当把某一物理端口分配给它时才能被激活 ·        三层以太网通道口(EtherChannel): :以太通道由被路由端口组成。以太通道端口接口在“配置以太通道”中被描述。 ·        .路由口:路由口是指某一物理端口在端口配置状态下用no switchport命令生成的端口 所有的三层都需要IP地址以实现路由交换 配置步骤如下:         命令        目的 Step 1          configure terminal        进入配置状态 Step 2          interface {{fastethernet | gigabitethernet} interface-id} | {vlan vlan-id} | {port-channel port-channel-number}        进入端口配置状态 Step 3          no switchport        把物理端口变成三层口 Step 4          ip address ip_address subnet_mask         配置IP地址和掩码 Step 5          no shutdown        激活端口 Step 6          End        退出 Step 7          show interfaces [interface-id]show ip interface [interface-id]show running-config interface [interface-id]        验证配置 Step 8          copy running-config startup-config        保存配置 配置举例如下: Switch# configure terminal Enter configuration commands, one per line.  End with CNTL/Z. Switch(config)# interface gigabitethernet0/2 Switch(config-if)# no switchport Switch(config-if)# ip address 192.20.135.21 255.255.255.0 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)# end 3.5  监控及维护端口 3.5.1  监控端口和控制器的状态 主要命令见下表: Show Commands for Interfaces Command         目的 show interfaces [interface-id]        显示所有端口或某一端口的状态和配置. show interfaces interface-id status [err-disabled]        显示一系列端口的状态或错误-关闭的状态 show interfaces [interface-id] switchport        显示二层端口的状态,可以用来决定此口是否为二层或三层口。 show interfaces [interface-id] description        显示端口描述 show ip interface [interface-id]        显示所有或某一端口的IP可用性状态 show running-config interface [interface-id]        显示当前配置中的端口配置情况 show version        显示软硬件等情况 举例如下: Switch# show interfaces status Port    Name               Status       Vlan       Duplex  Speed Type Gi0/1                      connected    routed     a-full  a-100 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/2   wce server 20.20.2 disabled     routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/3   ip wccp web-cache  notconnect   routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/4                      notconnect   routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/5                      notconnect   routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/6                      disabled     routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/7                      disabled     routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/8                      disabled     routed       auto    100 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/9                      notconnect   routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/10                     notconnect   routed       auto   auto 10/100/1000Base TX Gi0/11                     disabled     routed       auto   auto unknown Gi0/12                     notconnect   routed       auto   auto unknown Switch# show interfaces fastethernet 0/1 switchport Name: Fa0/1 Switchport: Enabled Administrative Mode: static access Operational Mode: down Administrative Trunking Encapsulation: dot1q Negotiation of Trunking: Off Access Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking Native Mode VLAN: 1 (default) Trunking VLANs Enabled: ALL Pruning VLANs Enabled: 2-1001 Protected: false Unknown unicast blocked: disabled Unknown multicast blocked: disabled Voice VLAN: dot1p (Inactive) Appliance trust: 5 Switch# show running-config interface fastethernet0/2 Building configuration... Current configuration : 131 bytes ! interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport mode access switchport protected no ip address mls qos cos 7 mls qos cos override end 3.5.2  刷新、重置端口及计数器 Clear命令        目的 clear counters [interface-id]        清除端口计数器. clear interface interface-id        重置某一端口的硬件逻辑 clear line [number | console 0 | vty number]        重置异步串口的硬件逻辑         Note   clear counters 命令只清除用show interface所显示的计数,不影响用snmp得到的计数 举例如下: Switch# clear counters fastethernet0/5 Clear "show interface" counters on this interface [confirm] y Switch# *Sep 30 08:42:55: %CLEAR-5-COUNTERS: Clear counter on interface FastEthernet0/5 by vty1 (171.69.115.10) 可使用clear interface 或 clear line 命令来清除或重置某一端口或串口,在大部分情况下并不需要这样做: Switch# clear interface fastethernet0/5 3.5.3  关闭和打开端口         命令         目的 Step 1          configure terminal        进入配置状态 Step 2          interface {vlan vlan-id} | {{fastethernet | gigabitethernet} interface-id} | {port-channel port-channel-number}        选择要关闭的端口 Step 3          Shutdown        关闭 Step 4          End        退出 Step 5          show running-config        验证 使用 no shutdown 命令重新打开端口. 举例如下: Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# shutdown Switch(config-if)# *Sep 30 08:33:47: %LINK-5-CHANGED: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to a administratively down Switch# configure terminal Switch(config)# interface fastethernet0/5 Switch(config-if)# no shutdown Switch(config-if)# *Sep 30 08:36:00: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/5, changed state to up 3.6  交换机端口镜像配置 『端口镜像的数据 流程 快递问题件怎么处理流程河南自建厂房流程下载关于规范招聘需求审批流程制作流程表下载邮件下载流程设计 』 基于端口的镜像是把被镜像端口的进出数据报文完全拷贝一份到镜像端口,这样来进行流量观测或者故障定位。 Figure 27-1 Example of Local SPAN Configuration on a Single Switch 3.6.1  创建一个本地SPAN会话 Beginning in privileged EXEC mode, follow these steps to create a SPAN session and specify the source (monitored) ports or VLANs and the destination (monitoring) ports:         Command         Purpose Step 1          configure terminal         Enter global configuration mode. Step 2          no monitor session {session_number | all | local | remote}         Remove any existing SPAN configuration for the session. For session_number, the range is 1 to 66. Specify all to remove all SPAN sessions, local to remove all local sessions, or remote to remove all remote SPAN sessions. Step 3          monitor session session_number source {interface interface-id | vlan vlan-id} [, | -] [both | rx | tx]         Specify the SPAN session and the source port (monitored port). For session_number, the range is 1 to 66. For interface-id, specify the source port or source VLAN to monitor. • For source interface-id, specify the source port to monitor. Valid interfaces include physical interfaces and port-channel logical interfaces (port-channel port-channel-number). Valid port-channel numbers are 1 to 48. • For vlan-id, specify the source VLAN to monitor. The range is 1 to 4094 (excluding the RSPAN VLAN). Note  A single session can include multiple sources (ports or VLANs), defined in a series of commands, but you cannot combine source ports and source VLANs in one session. (Optional) [, | -] Specify a series or range of interfaces. Enter a space before and after the comma; enter a space before and after the hyphen. (Optional) Specify the direction of traffic to monitor. If you do not specify a traffic direction, the SPAN monitors both sent and received traffic. • both—Monitor both received and sent traffic. This is the default. • rx—Monitor received traffic. • tx—Monitor sent traffic. Note  You can use the monitor session session_number source command multiple times to configure multiple source ports. Step 4          monitor session session_number destination {interface interface-id [, | -] [encapsulation replicate]}         Specify the SPAN session and the destination port (monitoring port). For session_number, specify the session number entered in step 3. Note  For local SPAN, you must use the same session number for the source and destination interfaces. For interface-id, specify the destination port. The destination interface must be a physical port; it cannot be an EtherChannel, and it cannot be a VLAN. (Optional) [, | -] Specify a series or range of interfaces. Enter a space before and after the comma; enter a space before and after the hyphen. (Optional) Enter encapsulation replicate to specify that the destination interface replicates the source interface encapsulation method. If not selected, the default is to send packets in native form (untagged). Note  You can use monitor session session_number destination command multiple times to configure multiple destination ports. Step 5          end         Return to privileged EXEC mode. Step 6          show monitor [session session_number] show running-config         Verify the configuration. Step 7          copy running-config startup-config         (Optional) Save the configuration in the configuration file. 举例:通过交换机的第2号口监控第1号口的流量 Switch(config)# monitor session 1 source interface gigabitethernet0/1 Switch(config)# monitor session 1 destination interface gigabitethernet0/2 Switch(config)# end 删除一个span会话: Switch(config)# no monitor session 1 source interface gigabitethernet0/1 Switch(config)# end 3.7  以太通道端口组(Ethernet Port Groups) 以太通道端口组提供把多个交换机端口像一个交换端口对待。这些端口组为交换机之间或交换机和服务器之间提供一条单独的高带宽连接的逻辑端口。以太通道在一个通道中提供穿越链路的负载平衡。如果以太通道中的一个链路失效,流量会自动从失效链路转移到被用链路。你可以把多干道端口加到一个逻辑的干道端口;把多访问端口加到一个逻辑访问端口;或者多隧道端口加到一个逻辑的隧道接口。绝大多数的协议能够在单独或是集合的接口上运行,并且不会意识到在端口组中的物理端口。除了DTP、CDP和PAgP,这些协议只能在物理接口上运行。 当你配置一个以太通道,你创建一个端口通道逻辑接口,并且指派一个接口给以太通道。对于三层接口,你人工创建该逻辑接口: Figure 33-1 Typical EtherChannel Configuration 举例:把交换机A,B的1,2号口添加到同一个组5里面 SwitchA# configure terminal SwitchA (config)# interface range gigabitethernet0/1 -2 SwitchA (config-if-range)# switchport mode access SwitchA (config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10 SwitchA (config-if-range)# channel-group 5 mode ON Switch(config-if-range)# end SwitchB# configure terminal SwitchB(config)# interface range gigabitethernet0/1 -2 SwitchB(config-if-range)# switchport mode access SwitchB(config-if-range)# switchport access vlan 10 SwitchB(config-if-range)# channel-group 5 mode ON SwitchB(config-if-range)# end 第4章  配置VLAN 4.1  简介 VLAN(Virtual Local Area Network),是一种通过将局域网内的设备逻辑地而不是物理地划分成一个个网段从而实现虚拟工作组的技术。IEEE于1999年颁布了用以标准化VLAN实现 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 的IEEE 802.1Q协议标准草案。 VLAN技术允许网络管理者将一个物理的LAN逻辑地划分成不同的广播域(或称虚拟LAN,即VLAN),每一个VLAN都包含一组有着相同需求的计算机,由于VLAN是逻辑地而不是物理地划分,所以同一个VLAN内的各个计算机无须被放置在同一个物理空间里,即这些计算机不一定属于同一个物理LAN网段。 VLAN的优势在于VLAN内部的广播和单播流量不会被转发到其它VLAN中,从而有助于控制网络流量、减少设备投资、简化网络管理、提高网络安全性。 4.2  可支持的VLAN Catalyst 3560交换机支持1005个 VLAN,可以分别是VTP client, server, 及 transparent modes. VLAN号可以从1到4094. VLAN号1002到1005保留给令牌环及FDDI VLAN. VTP只能学习到普通范围的VLAN, 即从VLAN到1到1005; VLAN号大于1005属于扩展VLAN,不存在VLAN数据庫中。 交换机必须配置成VTP透明模式当需要生成VLAN 号从1006到4094. 本交换机支持基于每一VLAN的生成树(PVST),最多支持128个生成树。本交换机支持ISL及IEEE 802.1Q trunk二种封装。 4.3  配置正常范围的VLAN VLAN号1, 1002到1005是自动生成的不能被去掉。 VLAN号1到1005的配置被写到文件vlan.dat 中, 可以用show vlan 命令查看, vlan.dat 文件存放在NVRAM中.         命令        目的 Step 1          configure terminal        进入配置状态 Step 2          v
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