新编英语教程5_unit2_教学课件

nullUnit Two TEXT I Beware the Dirty Seas （当心肮脏的海洋）Unit Two TEXT I Beware the Dirty Seas （当心肮脏的海洋）I. Pre-reading Questions 1. Suggested Answer (SA): It reminds me of a text about the polluted sea and gets interested in the text and occur great concerns on me to our living environment. Every year there is a lot of sewage poured into the seas. The waste of coastal cities, industry and factories’ poisons, etc, cause the seas to become dirty and cause many diseases which threaten people’s lives. Meanwhile, the I. Pre-reading QuestionsI. Pre-reading Questions seas are important tour places, and the common areas of the countries along them. They play very important roles to the countries and people in the areas, if not treated properly, they will bring great trouble to human beings.III. Library WorkIII. Library Work1. Water pollution is a major element of 20th-century environmental pollution. It includes the accumulation in oceans, lakes, rivers, and streams of physical, chemical, and biological substances that are either directly harmful to life or that have dangerous or harmful secondary and long-range effects. The principal sources of water pollution are sewage, industrial waste, garbage and refuse, and agricultural fertilizers, pesticides, and weed killers. The two chief reasons for the contami-III. Library WorkIII. Library Work nation and exacerbation of the problem are industrialization and urbanization. Industrial wastes include dissolved minerals, toxic chemicals, and sediments. Modern industrial processes have polluted water with certain metals, such as lead and mercury, while agricultural practices do so with a variety of pesticides.III. Library WorkIII. Library Work2. Treatment and control of wastes of all kinds is the only answer to water pollution problems. Pollution can be controlled by building sewer systems, sewage treatment plants, and installations to keep fertilizers and insecticides from entering the water.IV. Organization of the TextIV. Organization of the Text1. Paragraphs 1 - 4 Introducing the topic: The Mediterranean is the most polluted sea in the world (thesis statement). (1) Causes and consequences of the pollution in general. (2 – 4) IV. Organization of the TextIV. Organization of the Text2. Paragraphs 5 – 10 First main cause --- sewage Improper treatment of sewage by many Mediterranean countries. (5 – 7) Consequences: contamination of sea water and fish; greater likelihood of disease (8 – 10)IV. Organization of the TextIV. Organization of the Text3. Paragraphs 11 – 13 Second main cause --- industries Untreated wastes emitted from factories along the coast and from factories located far inland IV. Organization of the TextIV. Organization of the Text4. Paragraphs 14 – 15 Other causes of pollution: pesticides, detergents, fertilizers, oil, etc. 5. Paragraphs 16 – 20 Factors that lead to the severity of the case: narrow and shallow outlet of the Strait of Gibraltar (16);IV. Organization of the TextIV. Organization of the Text weak coastal currents and feeble tides (17); long-standing practice of dumping wastes into the seas (18); multiplication of population and increasing number of tourists (19 – 20) 6. Paragraphs 21 – 22 Conclusion: Efforts being made to solve the problemV. Key Points of the TextV. Key Points of the TextParagraph 1 holiday destination: holiday resort Paragraph 2 waters: the water of the stated rivers, lakes, etc. E.g.: the upper waters of the Thames 泰晤士河上游 South-China Sea waters 中国南海海域 international waters 国际海域Paragraph 2Paragraph 2… sluices its sewage, untreated, into the sea: let out into the sea the waste materials which have not been treated and not made safe as if through a sluice（水闸）, which is a passage for waterParagraph 3Paragraph 3to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes …: to suffer from man’s misuse of his abilities (or man’s abilities to destroy) and his attitude of indifference towards environmental protection fall victim to: suffer from E.g.: fall victim to a disease / an explosion / one’s own avariceParagraph 3Paragraph 3The result is that the Mediterranean, which nurtured so many civilizations, is gravely ill --- the first of the seas to fall victim to the abilities and attitudes that evolved around it: What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.Paragraph 3Paragraph 3stifle: to (cause to) be unable to breathe comfortably, esp. because of heat and lack of fresh air（使）窒息；抑制 E.g.: be stifled with smoke被烟熏得透不过气来 stifle political freedom扼杀政治自由 Shortages of basic materials stifled economic growth. 基本原料的匮乏抑制了经济发展。 stifle one’s laughter (yawn, sobs)忍住笑（呵欠，抽泣）Paragraph 3Paragraph 3What relationship does the author establish in Paragraph 3 between the many civilizations the Mediterranean has nurtured and its pollution? SA: The relationship between the two is that of cause and effect. Because of man’s misuse of his abilities and his attitude of indifference towards environment protection, the Mediterranean, home to so many civilizations, is now in jeopardy.Paragraph 4Paragraph 4endemic: (especially of a disease) found regularly in a particular place 地方性的 E.g.: This is a problem endemic to the Western world. 这是西方世界普遍存在的一个问题。 an endemic species 特有物种 endemic folkways 当地风俗Paragraph 5Paragraph 5litany: a form of prayer for use in church services, recited by a priest with responses from the congregation, i.e., people attending a church service 应答连祷 Here, litany is used in its transferred meaning, referring to the frequent outbreaks of disease. E.g.: commit a litany of crimes 犯一系列的罪 the mournful litany of disease: the deplorable / appalling / dreadful repetitive occurrences of diseaseParagraph 5Paragraph 5What is more, most cities just drop it in straight off the beach; rare indeed are the places like Cannes and Tel Aviv which pipe it even half a mile offshore: Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out only half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline.Paragraph 6Paragraph 6What does the author want to tell his readers in Paragraph 6? SA: He wants to tell his readers in Paragraph 6 that because of man’s irresponsibility and indifference towards environmental protection, Greece is rated one of the few cleaner countries of the northern shore.Paragraph 7Paragraph 7flush out: to clean or drive out by a sudden flow of water; pour out; flood with water to clean out 冲出；泛滥 E.g.: flush a toilet (lavatory) 抽水冲洗马桶（厕所） I was recommended fruit juices to flush nicotine out of the body. 我得到劝告，应多喝果汁以从体内排除尼古丁。Paragraph 8Paragraph 8are awash with bacteria: have a large amount of bacteria Awash in its literal sense means “be covered in water”. E.g.: After a heavy rain, the streets were awash. rocks awash at high tide 涨潮时被淹没的岩石 The ship’s deck was awash. 船上的甲板被浪潮冲打。Paragraph 8Paragraph 8Awash with is used figuratively, meaning “having a large amount of something,” as used in this sentence. The singular form of bacteria is bacterium.Paragraph 9Paragraph 9lurk: to exist unseen 潜伏；潜藏 E.g.: A snake was lurking in the grass. 一条蛇正潜伏在草丛中。 An even greater danger lurks in the seductive seafood dishes that add so much interest to holiday menus: There is an even greater hidden danger in the attractive seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to those holiday makers.Paragraph 9Paragraph 9What does the word “seductive” in Paragraph 9 imply? SA: Seductive comes from the word “seduce”, which is to persuade someone young and without sexual experience to have sex with one. Therefore seductive implies that the seafood dishes are seemingly attractive but threaten with great danger to health. Paragraph 11Paragraph 11Factories cluster round the coastline, and even the most modern rarely has proper waste-treatment plant: Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents.Paragraph 14Paragraph 14pesticide: a more general term is insecticide Which paragraph(s) is (are) devoted to other sources of pollution apart from sewage and industry? SA: Paragraphs 14 to 15 are devoted to other sources of pollution apart from sewage and industry.Paragraph 14Paragraph 14What does the word “explosions” in Paragraph 14 mean? SA: It means rapid increase in amount or number.Paragraph 16Paragraph 16virtually unable to cleanse itself: practically / in effect unable to make itself free from waste materials virtually: practically, in effect, for all practical purposes E.g.: The manager being out of town, Sally is virtually in charge of the work. cleanse: meaning “clean”, is a more elevated word than clean. It is often used figuratively.Paragraph 16Paragraph 16E.g.: cleanse one of one’s sins or wrongdoings cleanse the world from evils to cope with the remorseless rush of pollution: to deal successfully with the sewage, effluents, etc., which pour into the sea threateningly and which cannot be stoppedParagraph 16Paragraph 16cope with: deal successfully with remorseless: threateningly unstoppable E.g.: He was disturbed by the remorseless noise of the engines all night and could not fall asleep. Remorseless is more often used to mean “merciless, pitiless.” E.g.: The man killed his opponent with remorseless cruelty.Paragraph 16Paragraph 16What has made the Mediterranean more vulnerable to pollution than other seas in the world? SA: The Mediterranean is landlocked and its weak coastal currents keep sewage and industrial waste close to the shore. Those factors have made the Mediterranean more vulnerable to pollution than other seas in the world.Paragraph 18Paragraph 18Explain the use of “of course” at the beginning of Paragraph 18 and that of “but” of Paragraph 19. SA: “Of course” is often followed by “but” to mean “it is at least true that … but”. Here the writer uses “ of course” to mean that it is not a new problem for the people of the Mediterranean to use the sea for their wastes and that environmental pollution has been in existence for a long time, however, pollution is made worse Paragraph 19Paragraph 19 because of the increasing population of inhabitants and visitors. The population … trebles every summer: The population … increases three times every summer. Triple, a synonym of treble, is more often used in American English. What advice for tourists can be inferred from the facts provided by the author in the passage?Paragraph 19Paragraph 19SA: The possible advice for the Mediterranean tourists can be: do not swim in the sea and do not eat seafood dishes.VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, WorkbookVI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook1. The Mediterranean has made positive contributions to the development and prosperity of the countries along its shores but the effect produced by the industrialization and modernization of these countries on the Mediterranean has been negative --- they have aggravated the pollution of the sea. 2. Cannes and Tel Aviv. (Paragraph 5)VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, WorkbookVI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook3. Even though less than 1/40 of the coastal people of Greece have their sewage properly treated, they are not doing too badly. Other countries on the northern shore are causing more serious pollution to the sea than Greece.. 4. 1:7 = x:100 x = 100 / 7 Thus x = 14 (approximately)VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, WorkbookVI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook5. attractive and luring but leading to bad consequences 6. Paragraphs 14 and 15 7. rapid increases 8. Refer to Paragraphs 16 – 20. 9. “Of course” indicates that the vulnerability of the Mediterranean is not just due to its unique geographical features. The inhabitants round the shores are also to blame. They have for centuries VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, WorkbookVI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbookbeen careless in the protection of their environment. “But” implies that the greatly increased population has made a big difference; the sea is much more seriously polluted than before when the population was small.VI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, WorkbookVI. SA to Ex. 1, P. 14, Workbook10. Do not eat shellfish unless you are sure that it is fresh and has grown in clean water. Take a good shower after a swim to wash off the dirt. Stay as far away as possible from those coastal areas where there are many factories.VII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, WorkbookVII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, Workbook1. What happens is that the Mediterranean, the cradle of many ancient cultures, is seriously polluted. It is the first of the seas that has been made to suffer from a situation resulting from development mixed with an irresponsible mentality.VII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, WorkbookVII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, Workbook2. Further, while the places such as Cannes and Tel Aviv dispose of their wastes through a pipe stretching out only half a mile from the shore, most cities do not even bother to do that but simply dump their sewage directly into the sea along the coastline. 3. There is an even bigger hazard hidden in the seafood dishes that are forever so appealing to the holiday-makers.VII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, WorkbookVII. SA to Ex. 2, P. 15, Workbook4. Factories are set up around the coastline, few of which, including the most sophisticated, have been equipped with a satisfactory system for dealing with their effluents. VII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, WorkbookVII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, Workbook1. One man’s effort is not enough to cope with such a complicated situation. 2. When do you think the new IT (information technology) regulations will take effect? 3. The chances of winning a prize in a lottery are very slim; perhaps only a one-in-a-hundred chance. 4. It is deplorable that many a youngster has fallen victim to the use of drugs.VII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, WorkbookVII. SA to Ex. 3, P. 16, Workbook5. There is virtually no one who is in favor of his proposal. 6. Beware of the swindler with a slick tongue and a smiling face. 7. Don’t touch the bag! The explosive in it may blow up at any minute. Your life will be at risk. 8. He looked quite confident about the job, though some doubts lurked in the depth of his mind. Unit Two TEXT II An Ugly New Footprint in the Sand （沙滩上的一串丑陋的新足迹）Unit Two TEXT II An Ugly New Footprint in the Sand （沙滩上的一串丑陋的新足迹）I. Key Points of the Text Paragraph 1 come by: come across; discover by chance; pass by How do you interpret the title of the article “An Ugly Footprint in the Sand”? Is it related to the “new footprint” referred to in the second sentence of the first paragraph?Paragraph 1Paragraph 1SA: The strange footprint is a symbol of environmental pollution; and the author’s attitude to this new intrusion --- one of strong dislikes --- is made clear by the word “ugly”.Paragraph 2Paragraph 2legions of: also a legion of, meaning “a large group of” or “large groups of” blight: to infect or spoil with a disease of plants that results in the drying up and dying of the diseased parts 使（植物）染上枯萎病; here it means “pose a threat to the existence of”Paragraph 2Paragraph 2delicate: finely made; delightful精美的，精致的 E.g.: porcelains of delicate workmanship 工艺精致的瓷器 whorl: a ring, especially of leaves on a stem （植物）轮；（软体动物的）壳阶，螺纹 goo: sticky material 粘性物质 congeal: to become or cause (a liquid) to become thick or solid 凝固；冻结Paragraph 2Paragraph 2While environmental pollution is often blamed on population explosion on our globe, Whipple has identified another cause. What is it? How does he support his argument? SA: The need to fuel the technology which mankind has developed to enable it to survive on this planet. Concrete examples are given notably in Paragraphs 2, 9, 10, and 11. Paragraph 4Paragraph 4despoil: to steal from using forces, especially, in time of war; plunder 抢夺；掠夺 E.g.: despoil somebody of his right 剥夺某人的权利 as it were: as we might say; so to speak 可以这么说；在某种程度上 E.g.: He became, as it were, a man without a country. 在某种程度上，他成了一个无国籍的人。 I’m a sort of unpaid adviser, as it were, to the committee. 可以说，我是委员会的义务顾问。Paragraph 4Paragraph 4How do you understand the first sentence of Paragraph 4 “It is still early here”? Is it echoed or contradicted near the end of the article? SA: Environmental pollution here has just begun; it is not very serious yet. This is contradicted by the sentence in Paragraph 11 --- The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. (continued on the next slide)Paragraph 4Paragraph 4 The author’s message is “Don’t you think that it will be some time before pollution gets really serious here; when the beach is found to be fouled, it is already too late to keep pollution away from the island.”Paragraph 5Paragraph 5How do you justify Whipple’s inclusion of those paragraphs dealing with man’s inefficiency in adapting himself to his environment? SA: As man is not so well adapted to his living environment as, say, a bird, he has to resort to artificial aids, which have eventually given rise to pollution.Paragraph 9Paragraph 9belie: give a false idea of; show (hope, etc.) to be false or mistaken 给人以错觉；掩饰 E.g.: features that belied the years 掩盖真实年龄的相貌 His appearance belied his quick mind. 从他的外貌人们看不出他的机智。 The facts belie your story. 事实证明你的说法谬误。 His actions belie his words. 他言行不一。Paragraph 9Paragraph 9residue: what is left, especially after chemical treatment 残余物，残渣 E.g.: Residue of pesticides can build up in the soil. 杀虫剂的残余会在土壤中积淀。 use crop residues as fuel 利用农作物的残根做燃料 residue of the war 战争后遗症Paragraph 10Paragraph 10dispense with: to do without or manage to exist without 免除；无需 obnoxious: very unpleasant or offensive; extremely disagreeable 使人讨厌的；可憎的 E.g.: an obnoxious habit 招人厌的习惯 The very thought of them was obnoxious to her. 她一想到他们就厌恶。Paragraph 10Paragraph 10privy: a toilet, especially an outdoor one 厕所 slick: (of oil) floating on the water shroud: n. also winding sheet, the cloth for covering a dead body at burial 裹尸布 v. to cover and hide 遮蔽，覆盖 E.g.: hills shrouded in mistParagraph 11Paragraph 11pinch off: also pinch back, pinch out, to remove with one’s fingers 掐掉 E.g.: If you regularly pinch back the dead flower heads, new ones will grow. Is Whipple’s concern about pollution confined to the island only? SA: No. He is concerned about pollution of mankind’s environment in general.II. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s BookII. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s Book1. The strange footprint is a symbol of environmental pollution; and the author’s attitude to this new intrusion --- one of strong dislikes --- is made clear by the word “ugly”. 2. The need to fuel the technology which mankind has developed to enable it to survive on this planet. Concrete examples are given notably in Paragraphs 2, 9, 10, and 11.II. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s BookII. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s Book3. As man is not so well adapted to his living environment as, say, a bird, he has to resort to artificial aids, which have eventually given rise to pollution. 4. Environmental pollution here has just begun; it is not very serious yet. This is contradicted by the sentence in Paragraph 11 --- The lesson of our fouled beach is that we may not even have realized how late it is already. (continued on the next slide)II. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s BookII. SA to Questions for Discussion, P. 25, Student’s Book5. No. He is concerned about pollution of mankind’s environment in general. 6. Open to discussion.