第三章 ABAP语法示例
3.1 FIELD-SYMBOLS
FIELD-SYMBOLS是字段符号，类似于 FOXPRO的宏，FOXPRO能把一段程序存入一
个字符串中，再通过某种方式使该字符串运行。SAP 的 FIELD-SYMBOLS，把一个结构定
义分配给字段符号，通过字段符号来引用结构中的成员。
【例 3.1】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA:BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(30) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
FIELD-SYMBOLS
LIKE MAN.
DATA MAN1 LIKE MAN.
MAN1-NAME = '张林'.
MAN1-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN1-WEIGHT = 140.
ASSIGN MAN1 TO .
WRITE: / -NAME,
-HIGH,
-WEIGHT.
输出结果如图 3-1所示。
图 3-1
3.2 字符串处理
3.2.1 合并字符串
【例 3.2】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: C1(2) TYPE C,
C2(2) TYPE C,
C3(2) TYPE C,
C4(2) TYPE C,
C5(20) TYPE C,
C9(2) TYPE C.
C1 = 'AB'.
C2 = 'CD'.
C3 = 'EF'.
C4 = 'GH'.
C9 = '+'.
CONCATENATE C1 C2 C3 C4 INTO C5.
WRITE C5.
CONCATENATE C1 C2 C3 C4 INTO C5 SEPARATED BY C9.
WRITE / C5.
输出结果如图 3-2所示。
图 3-2
本例中，先将字符串 C1、C2、C3、C4合并到字符串 C5，再将字符串 C1、C2、C3、C4用
间隔符字符串 C9合并到字符串 C5。
3.2.2 拆分字符串
【例 3.3】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: C1(2) TYPE C,
C2(2) TYPE C,
C3(2) TYPE C,
C4(2) TYPE C,
C5(20) TYPE C VALUE '11 * 22 * 33 * 44',
C9(2) TYPE C.
C9 = '*'.
WRITE C5.
SPLIT C5 AT C9 INTO C1 C2 C3 C4.
WRITE: / C1, C2, C3, C4.
输出结果如图 3-3所示。
图 3-3
3.3 内表带有标题行
【例 3.4】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE TABLE OF MAN WITH HEADER LINE,
MAN2 LIKE TABLE OF MAN.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
APPEND MAN TO MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
APPEND MAN TO MAN1.
MOVE MAN1[] TO MAN2.
LOOP AT MAN2 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
LOOP AT MAN1.
WRITE: / MAN1-NAME,MAN1-HIGH,MAN1-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
本例中内表MAN1有表头，内表MAN2无表头，输出结果一样，如图 3-4所示。
图 3-4
3.4 内表排序
【例 3.5】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE HASHED TABLE OF MAN WITH UNIQUE KEY NAME.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '朱强'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.72'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 130.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1..
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
SORT MAN1 DESCENDING BY WEIGHT ASCENDING.
SKIP.
ULINE.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH,MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
输出结果如图 3-5所示。
图 3-5
3.5 修改内表数据
【例 3.6】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE HASHED TABLE OF MAN WITH UNIQUE KEY NAME.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '2.22'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 220.
MODIFY TABLE MAN1 FROM MAN.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH,MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
本例根据关键字修改内表，输出结果如图 3-6所示。
图 3-6
3.6 删除内表记录
【例 3.7】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE HASHED TABLE OF MAN WITH UNIQUE KEY NAME.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
DELETE MAN1 WHERE NAME = '张参'.
SKIP.
ULINE.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH,MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
输出结果如图 3-7所示。
图 3-7
3.7 使用索引插入内表行
【例 3.8】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE TABLE OF MAN.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
MAN-NAME = '李志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.58'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 110.
INSERT MAN INTO MAN1 INDEX 2.
ULINE.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH,MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
输出结果如图 3-8所示。
图 3-8
3.8 格式化输出
【例 3.9】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA WA LIKE SPFLI.
WRITE: /.
WRITE: 10'航班承运人',40'航班连接',60'国家代码',80'起飞城市',100'起飞机场'.
SELECT * INTO WA FROM SPFLI.
WRITE: / WA-CARRID UNDER '航班承运人',
WA-CONNID UNDER '航班连接',
WA-COUNTRYFR UNDER '国家代码',
WA-CITYFROM UNDER '起飞城市',
WA-AIRPFROM UNDER '起飞机场'.
ENDSELECT.
本例通过 UNDER定位输出位置，输出结果如图 3-9所示。
图 3-9
3.9 内部数据存为文件
【例 3.10】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE TABLE OF MAN.
DATA: NAME TYPE RLGRAP-FILENAME, TYPA TYPE RLGRAP-FILETYPE.
MAN-NAME = '张参'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.68'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 120.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '刘志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.78'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 160.
INSERT MAN INTO TABLE MAN1.
MAN-NAME = '李志'.
MAN-HIGH = '1.58'.
MAN-WEIGHT = 110.
INSERT MAN INTO MAN1 INDEX 2.
NAME = 'C:\TEMP\TESTA.TXT'.
TYPA = 'DAT'.
CALL FUNCTION 'DOWNLOAD'
EXPORTING
CODEPAGE = 'TESTA'
FILENAME = NAME
FILETYPE = TYPA
ITEM = '文件测试'
TABLES
DATA_TAB = MAN1
EXCEPTIONS
INVALID_FILESIZE = 1
INVALID_TABLE_WIDTH = 2
INVALID_TYPE = 3
NO_BATCH = 4
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 5
GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER = 6
OTHERS = 7.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.
打开运行实例存储文件，有以下内容：
张参 1,68 120,00
李志 1,58 110,00
刘志 1,78 160,00
3.10 直接存入文件
【例 3.10】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: BEGIN OF MAN,
NAME(20) TYPE C,
HIGH TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
WEIGHT TYPE P DECIMALS 2,
END OF MAN.
DATA: MAN1 LIKE TABLE OF MAN.
CALL FUNCTION 'UPLOAD'
EXPORTING
CODEPAGE = 'TEST'
FILENAME = 'C:\TEMP\TESTA.TXT'
FILETYPE = 'DAT'
ITEM = '读放文件'
TABLES
DATA_TAB = MAN1
EXCEPTIONS
CONVERSION_ERROR = 1
INVALID_TABLE_WIDTH = 2
INVALID_TYPE = 3
NO_BATCH = 4
UNKNOWN_ERROR = 5
GUI_REFUSE_FILETRANSFER = 6
OTHERS = 7.
IF SY-SUBRC <> 0.
* MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNO
* WITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.
ENDIF.
LOOP AT MAN1 INTO MAN.
WRITE: / MAN-NAME,MAN-HIGH, MAN-WEIGHT.
ENDLOOP.
输出结果如图 3-10所示。
图 3-10
3.12 不使用提示框提示直接读入文件
在例 3.11中，程序运行时弹出输入读入文件名的提示框（如图 3-10示），将程序中“CALL
FUNCTION ‘UPLOAD’”改为“CALL FUNCTION ‘WS——UPLOAD’”，程序运行时将
不再提示直接读入文件。
图 3-11
3.13 列表输出
WRITE 语法
WRITE AT [/] [] [()] 文本
“/”： 下一行
“pos”： 列
“（len）”：长度
【例 3.10】
REPORT YTEST001.
DATA: STR1(10) TYPE C VALUE 'AABBCCDDEE'.
WRITE '接着的字符串____________将被替换.'.
WRITE AT 14(10) STR1.
输出结果如图 3-11 所示。
图 3-12
第三章 ABAP语法示例
3.1 FIELD-SYMBOLS
3.2 字符串处理
3.2.1 合并字符串
3.2.2 拆分字符串
3.3 内表带有标题行
3.4 内表排序
3.5 修改内表数据
3.6 删除内表记录
3.7 使用索引插入内表行
3.8 格式化输出
3.9 内部数据存为文件
3.10 直接存入文件
3.12 不使用提示框提示直接读入文件
3.13 列表输出
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