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1994 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语
试题
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Section I: Structure and Vocabulary
Part A
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], B), [C] and [D].
Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
1. By the time you arrive in London, we ________ in Europe for two weeks.
[A] shall stay
[B] have stayed
[C] will have stayed
[D] have been staying
2. I appreciated ________ the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.
[A] having been given
[B] having given
[C] to have been given
[D] to have given
3. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ________ obtaining water is not the
least.
[A] of which
[B] for what
[C] as
[D] whose
4. The heart is ________ intelligent than the stomach, for they are both controlled by the
brain.
[A] not so
[B] not much
[C] much more
[D] no more
5. ________ the fact that his initial experiments had failed, Prof. White persisted in his
research.
[A] Because of
[B] As to
[C] In spite of
[D] In view of
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6. Jean Wagner’s most enduring contribution to the study of Afro-American poetry is his
insistence that it ________ in religious, as well as worldly, frame of reference.
[A] is to be analyzed
[B] has been analyzed
[C] be analyzed
[D] should have been analyzed
7. The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand, ________ all practical
value by the time they finished.
[A] could lose
[B] would have lost
[C] might lose
[D] ought to have lost
8. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as ________ earned by his own labour.
[A] one
[B] that
[C] such
[D] what
9. It isn’t cold enough for there ________ a frost tonight, so I can leave Jim’s car out quite
safely.
[A] would be
[B] being
[C] was
[D] to be
10. Scientists generally agree that the Earth’s climate will warm up over the next 50 to 100
years ________ it has warmed in the 20,000 years since the Ice Age.
[A] as long as
[B] as much as
[C] as soon as
[D] as well as
Part B
Directions:
Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Identify
the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets. (5 points)
11. Similar elements in the prehistoric remains [A] from both areas suggest [B] that Indians and
their neighbours had maintained [C] distant but real connections ever [D] before 1500 B. C.
12. It soon became obviously [A] that instead of being trained [B] to sing she would [C] be
trained as [D] the astronomer’s assistant.
13. He also conceived [A] that the solar system and the universe would come [B] into existence
by [C] a natural process and would disappear [D] one day.
14. The moon has a mass that is nearly one hundred times less [A] than the earth [B]; in
consequence [C],the force of [D] gravity at the moon’s surface is only one-sixth of that at the
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earth’s surface.
15. “The Bunsen burner is so [A] named because it is thought [B] to be invented [C] by Robert
Bunsen, who was German by [D] birth.
16. Much although [A] I have traveled, I have never seen anyone to equal [B] her in
thoroughness, whatever [C] the job [D].
17. The weeds [A] and tall grass in that yard makes [B] the house look [C] as if it had been
vacant [D] for quite some time.
18. If only [A] the nature of the aging process is [B] better understood, the possibility of
discovering [C] a medicine that can block the fundamental process of aging seems [D] very
remote.
19. When I consider how talented he is [A] as a painter [B], I cannot help but believing [C] that
the public [D] will appreciate his gift.
20. Allen has stated [A] that he has always had [B] a great interest [C] and admiration for [D]
the work of the British economist Keynes.
Part C
Directions:
Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D].
Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by
blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
21. Please do not be ________ by his bad manners since he is merely trying to attract attention.
[A] disregarded
[B] distorted
[C] irritated
[D] intervened
22. Craig assured his boss that he would ________ all his energies in doing this new job.
[A] call forth
[B] call at
[C] call on
[D] call off
23. Too much ________ to X-rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body.
[A] disclosure
[B] exhibition
[C] contact
[D] exposure
24. When confronted with such questions, my mind goes ________, and I can hardly remember
my own date of birth.
[A] dim
[B] blank
[C] faint
[D] vain
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25. It is well known that knowledge is the ________ condition for expansion of mind.
[A] incompatible
[B] incredible
[C] indefinite
[D] indispensable
26. More than two hundred years ago the United States ________ from the British Empire and
become an independent country.
[A] got off
[B] pulled down
[C] broke away
[D] attached to
27. Care should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is ________ loud continuous
noise.
[A] subjected to
[B] filled with
[C] associated with
[D] dropped off
28. Some of the most important concepts in physics ________ their success to these
mathematical systems.
[A] oblige
[B] owe
[C] contribute
[D] attribute
29. As your instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something ________
researching into.
[A] precious
[B] worth
[C] worthy
[D] valuable
30. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ________ a substance
to absorb harmful chemicals.
[A] relieve
[B] release
[C] dismiss
[D] discard
31. Without the friction between their feet and the ground, people would ________ be able to
walk.
[A] in no time
[B] by all means
[C] in no way
[D] on any account
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32. While typing, Helen has a habit of stopping ________ to give her long and flowing hair a
smooth.
[A] occasionally
[B] simultaneously
[C] eventually
[D] promptly
33. One reason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the U.S. is that they have taken great
________ to educate their children.
[A] efforts
[B] pains
[C] attempts
[D] endeavours
34. If any man here does not agree with me, he should ________ his own plan for improving
the living conditions of these people.
[A] put on
[B] put out
[C] put in
[D] put forward
35. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be ________
to it.
[A] connected
[B] fastened
[C] bound
[D] stuck
36. The English language contains a(n) ________ of words which are comparative seldom used
in ordinary conversation.
[A] altitude
[B] latitude
[C] multitude
[D] attitude
37. In my opinion, you can widen the ________ of these improvements through your active
participation.
[A] dimension
[B] volume
[C] magnitude
[D] scope
38. Your improper words will give ________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.
[A] rise
[B] reason
[C] suspicion
[D] impulse
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39. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ________.
[A] on the spot
[B] on the site
[C] on the location
[D] on the ground
40. The remarkable ________ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to
establish his theory of evolution.
[A] classification
[B] variety
[C] density
[D] diversion
Section II: Cloze Test
Directions:
For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and
[D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)
The first and smallest unit that can be discussed in relation to language is the word. In
speaking, the choice of words is __41__ the utmost importance. Proper selection will eliminate
one source of __42__ breakdown in the communication cycle. Too often, careless use of words
__43__ a meeting of the minds of the speaker and listener. The words used by the speaker may
__44__ unfavorable reactions in the listener __45__ interfere with his comprehension; hence, the
transmission-reception system breaks down.
__46__, inaccurate or indefinite words may make __47__ difficult for the listener to
understand the __48__ which is being transmitted to him. The speaker who does not have
specific words in his working vocabulary may be __49__ to explain or describe in a __50__ that
can be understood by his listeners.
41. [A] of
[B] at
[C] for
[D] on
42. [A] inaccessible
[B] timely
[C] likely
[D] invalid
43. [A] encourages
[B] prevents
[C] destroys
[D] offers
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44. [A] pass out
[B] take away
[C] back up
[D] stir up
45. [A] who
[B] as
[C] which
[D] what
46. [A] Moreover
[B] However
[C] Preliminarily
[D] Unexpectedly
47. [A] that
[B] It
[C] so
[D] this
48. [A] speech
[B] sense
[C] message
[D] meaning
49. [A] obscure
[B] difficult
[C] impossible
[D] unable
50. [A] case
[B] means
[C] method
[D] way
Section III: Reading Comprehension
Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four
answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to
each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the
corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)
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Text 1
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise,
market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by
spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition
with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures, largely
determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system
it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize
profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what
shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer
demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this
mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to
relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short
supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated
from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its
cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the
price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in
the American economic system.
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own
productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over
natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy,
the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also
certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract
with another private individual.
51. In Line 11, Paragraph 1, “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means
________.
[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes
[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased
[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
52. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.
[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
[B] consumers can express their demands through producers
[C] producers decide the prices of products
[D] supply and demand regulate prices
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53. According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
54. The passage is mainly about ________.
[A] how American goods are produced
[B] how American consumers buy their goods
[C] how American economic system works
[D] how American businessmen make their profits
Text 2
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They
give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country,
and even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of
these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in
scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the “cashless
society” is not on the horizon -- it’s already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for
sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep
a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information allows
businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how
fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the
same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most
efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also
identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by
manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide
which products to emphasize now, which to develop for the future, and which to drop.
Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production
process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas
and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers
through the use of computers.
55. According to the passage, the credit card enables its owner to ________.
[A] withdraw as much money from the bank as he wishes
[B] obtain more convenient services than other people do
[C] enjoy greater trust from the storekeeper
[D] cash money wherever he wishes to
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56. From the last sentence of the first paragraph we learn that ________.
[A] in the future all the Americans will use credit cards
[B] credit cards are mainly used in the United States today
[C] nowadays many Americans do not pay in cash
[D] it is now more convenient to use credit cards than before
57. The phrase “ring up sales” (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means “________”.
[A] make an order of goods
[B] record sales on a cash register
[C] call the sales manager
[D] keep track of the goods in stock
58. What is this passage mainly about?
[A] Approaches to the commercial use of computers.
[B] Conveniences brought about by computers in business.
[C] Significance of automation in commercial enterprises.
[D] Advantages of credit cards in business.
Text 3
Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age. For
these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those
differences.
Although we focus on the needs of exceptional children, we find ourselves describing their
environment as well. While the leading actor on the stage captures our attention, we are aware of
the importance of the supporting players and the scenery of the play itself. Both the family and
the society in which exceptional children live are often the key to their growth and development.
And it is in the public schools that we find the full expression of society’s understanding -- the
knowledge, hopes, and fears that are passed on to the next generation.
Education in any society is a mirror of that society. In that mirror we can see the strengths,
the weaknesses, the hopes, the prejudices, and the central values of the culture itself. The great
interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates
the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the
opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
“All men are created equal.” We’ve heard it many times, but it still has important meaning
for education in a democratic society. Although the phrase was used by this country’s founders to
denote equality before the law, it has also been interpreted to mean equality of opportunity. That
concept implies educational opportunity for all children -- the right of each child to receive help
in learning to the limits of his or her capacity, whether that capacity be small or great. Recent
court decisions have confirmed the right of all children -- disabled or not -- to an appropriate
education, and have ordered that public schools take the necessary steps to provide that
education. In response, schools are modifying their programs, adapting instruction to children
who are exceptional, to those who cannot profit substantially from regular programs.
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59. In Paragraph 2, the author cites the example of the leading actor on the stage to show that
[A] the growth of exceptional children has much to do with their family and the society
[B] exceptional children are more influenced by their families than normal children are
[C] exceptional children are the key interest of the family and society
[D] the needs of the society weigh much heavier than the needs of the exceptional children
60. The reason that the exceptional children receive so much concern in education is that
________.
[A] they are expected to be leaders of the society
[B] they might become a burden of the society
[C] they should fully develop their potentials
[D] disabled children deserve special consideration
61. This passage mainly deals with ________.
[A] the differences of children in their learning capabilities
[B] the definition of exceptional children in modern society
[C] the special educational programs for exceptional children
[D] the necessity of adapting education to exceptional children
62. From this passage we learn that the educational concern for exceptional children ________.
[A] is now enjoying legal support
[B] disagrees with the tradition of the country
[C] was clearly stated by the country’s founders
[D] will exert great influence over court decisions
Text 4
“I have great confidence t