2012年考研英语一模拟试题答案

2012 年秋季精英班入学测试-英语 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) America's Federal Reserve cut interest rates by another quarter-point, to 3.75%. Wall Street, which had been 1 for a sixth half-point cut, was disappointed. The Dow fell by 2% 2 the week. The past week's economic statistics gave mixed signals. Exports dropped by 2% in both March and April, largely 3 a decline in high-tech investment 4 ; the merchandise-trade 5 widened to $458 billion in the 12 months 6 April. 7 , The Conference Board's index of consumer confidence was higher than 8 in June. Concerns 9 inflation in the euro area 10 . Preliminary data 11 that German consumer-price inflation fell to 3.1% in the year to June, from 3.5% in May; wage growth 12 to 1.4% in April, a real pay cut of 1.5%. Some economists fear that Germany is on the 13 of recession. The IFO index of business confidence dropped more 14 than expected in May, and the institute has cut its forecast of GDP 15 this year to only 1.2%, well 16 the German government's forecast of 2%. The euro area's current-account deficit narrowed to $30 billion in the 12 months to April. Britain's deficit in the first quarter was its smallest 17 1998, 18 record investment income. There was more bad news from Japan, 19 retail sales in large stores fell by 3.2% in May, the 37th consecutive monthly fall. The yen fell 20 the dollar, touching almost Yen 125 On one point. 1. A. expecting B. hoping C. wishing D. dreaming 2. A. in B. above C. during D. about 3. A. because of B. since C. because D. thanks to 4. A. at home B. home C. from abroad D. abroad 5. A. deficit B. shortage C. scarcity D. shortfall 6. A. to B. until C. up D. onto 7. A. Although B. Therefore C. However D. Hence 8. A. projected B. planned C. predicted D. expected 9. A. on B. for C. of D. over 10. A. stopped B. eased C. relieved D. improved 11. A. showed B. demonstrated C. illustrated D. explained 12. A. reduced B. cut C. slow D. lessened 13. A. edge B. rim C. lip D. brink 14. A. harshly B. huskily C. strictly D. severely 15. A. growth B. rise C. increase D. escalation 16. A. above B. below C. high D. low 17. A. after B. since C. until D. towards ??????? http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27 Born to win! 18. A. owe to B. because of C. on account of D. thanks to 19. A. where B. which C. what D. who 20. A. in opposition to B. opposed to C. against D. versus Section II Reading Comprehension Part A TEXT 1 It was a little weird at first, Erin Tobin said, seeing Harry Potter right there on the stage without his pants, or indeed any of his clothes. Not actually Harry Potter, of course, since his is fictional, but the next best thing: Daniel Radcliffe, who plays him in the movies. Now 17, Mr. Radcliffe has cast off his wand, his broomstick and everything else to appear in the West End revival of Peter Shaffer's "Equus." He stars as Alan Strang, a disturbed young man who, in a distinctly un-Harry-Potterish moment of frenzied psychosexual madness, blinds six horses with a hoof pick. To make it clear what audiences are in for, at least in part, photographs of Mr. Radcliffe's buff torso, stripped almost to the groin, have been used to advertise the production. It is as jarring as if, say, Anne Hathaway suddenly announced that instead of playing sweet-natured princesses and fashion-world ingénues, she wanted to appear onstage as a nude, murderous prostitute. To explain how is surprising the change of Radcliffe to the audience, the author mentions Anne "Equus" opened last week, and the consensus so far is that Mr. Radcliffe has successfully extricated himself from his cinematic alter ego. Considering that playing Harry Potter is practically all he has done in his career, this is no small achievement. "I think he's a really good actor, and I sort of forgot about Harry Potter," said Ophelia Oates, 14, who saw the play over the weekend." Anyway, you can't be Harry Potter forever." In The Daily Telegraph, Charles Spencer said that "Daniel Radcliffe brilliantly succeeds in throwing off the mantle of Harry Potter, announcing himself as a thrilling stage actor of unexpected depth and range." Mr. Radcliffe told The Daily Telegraph that "I thought it would be a bad idea to wait till the Potter films were all finished to do something else." There are still a few to go. The fifth, "Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix," is scheduled for release on July 13, and Mr. Radcliffe has signed on for the final two installments as well. (Meanwhile, the seventh and last book in the series, "Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows," will hit stores on July 21.) Harry and Alan could not be more dissimilar as characters, even if both "come from quite weird backgrounds," as 13-year-old Ella Pitt, another recent theatergoer, put it. (And no, she declared, she was not too young for all the nakedness, swearing and sexuality.) Both characters have unresolved issues relating to their parents: Harry, because his are dead, and Alan, because his have driven him insane. But when it comes to romance, for instance, the celluloid Harry has yet to kiss a girl: the big moment comes in the forthcoming film. Meanwhile, Alan in "Equus" not only engages in some serious equi-erotic nuzzling with an actor playing a horse, but is also onstage, fully nude, for 10 minutes, during which he nearly has sex with an equally naked young woman. 21. Hathaway. This is a ________. A. simile B. comparison C. hyperbole D. analogy 22. The word "extricated" (Line 2, Para. 4) implies ________. A. rescued B. freed C. cleared D. extracted ??????? http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27 23. The audience's response to the new image of "Harry Potter" is ________. A. negative B. positive C. indifferent D. none of the above 24. The two dissimilar characters, i.e. Harry and Alan are common in that ________. A. they are both weird B. their parents are weird C. they have unresolved issues D. they have weird families 25. The best title for this passage is ________. A. "Harry Porter" Is Disappearing B. The Naked "Harry Porter" C. The Successful Change of "Harry Porter" D. "Harry Porter" in "Enquus" TEXT 2 Uruguay has been a proud exception to the privatizing wave that swept through South America in the 1990s. Its state-owned firms are more efficient that many of their counterparts in Argentina and Brazil ever were. In 1992, Uruguayans voted in a referendum against privatizing telecoms. They rightly observe that some of Argentina's sales were smashed, creating inefficient private monopolies. And with unemployment at 15%, nobody is enthusiastic about the job cuts privatization would involve. That leaves President Jorge Batlle with a problem. Uruguay has been in recession for the past two years, mainly because of low prices for its agricultural exports, and because of Argentina's woes. But public debt is at 45% of GDP, and rising. Some economists argue that privatization would give a boost to the economy, by attracting foreign investment, and by lowering costs. CERES, a think-tank, having compared tariffs for public services in Uruguay and its neighbors, believes liberalization could save businesses and households the equivalent of 4% GDP annually, raise growth and produce a net 45,000 jobs. The polls that show continuing support for public ownership also show growing opposition to monopolies. So Mr. Batlle plans to keep the state firms, but let private ones either compete with them or bid to operate their services under contract. The opposition Broad Front and the trade unions are resisting. They have gathered enough signatures to demand a "public consultation" next month on a new law to allow private operators in the ports and railway—a referendum on whether to hold a referendum on the issue. Alberto Bension, the finance minister, admits the vote will be a crucial indicator of how far the government can push. But he notes that, since 1992, attempts to overturn laws by calling referendums have flopped. The liberalization of telecoms has already begun. Bell South, an American firm, is the first private cell-phone operator. There are plans to license others, and talk of allowing competition for fixed-line telephones. A new law allows private companies to import gas from Argentina to generate electricity in competition with the state utility. Another play would strip Another plan would strip Ancap, the state oil firm, of its monopoly of imports. It has already been allowed to seek a private partner to modernize its refinery. Harder tasks lie ahead. The state-owned banks are burdened with problem loans to farmers and home owners. And Mr. Batlle shows no appetite for cutting the bureaucracy. After a year in office, the president is popular. He has created a cross-party commission to investigate "disappearances" during Uruguay's military dictatorship of 1976-85. The unions are weakened by unemployment. At CERES, Ernesto Talvi argues that Mr. Batlle should note his own strength, and push ahead more boldly. But that is not the Uruguayan way. 26. Uruguay in the 1990s ________. A. moved in the privatizing wave B. adopted the same measure as that of Argentina ??????? http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27 Born to win! C. sticked to its old economic mode D. developed very slowly 27. What can we infer from the first four paragraphs? A. Uruguay has been always trying to join in the privatizing wave. B. Economists argue that privatization is an efficient way to boost Uruguay's GDP. C. Mr. Battle plans to privatize the country's economy completely. D. The opposition Broad Front is in favor of privatization. 28. The fifth paragraph suggests that ________. A. Bell South is built up in 1982 B. There has been no law to regulate the electricity C. Ancap may modernize its refinery with the help of a private partner D. Liberalization makes the economy slack 29. What does the author mean by "flopped" (last line, Para. 4)? A. succeeded B. failed C. followed D. provoked 30. Which one is TRUE according to the passage? A. Privatization is thriving in Uruguay. B. Now, referenda have less strength to change some laws. C. Uruguayan people are satisfied with the government's actions with regard to the economy. D. The President is managing to keep the state companies efficient. TEXT 3 Even at the Vatican, not all sacred beliefs are absolute: Thou shalt not kill, but war can be just. Now, behind the quiet walls, a clash is shaping up involving two poles of near certainty: the church's long-held ban on condoms and its advocacy of human life. The issue is AIDS. Church officials recently confirmed that Pope Benedict XVI had requested a report on whether it might be acceptable for Catholics to use condoms in one narrow circumstance: to protect life inside a marriage when one partner is infected with H.I.V. or is sick with AIDS. Whatever the pope decides, church officials and other experts broadly agree that it is remarkable that so delicate an issue is being taken up. But they also agree that such an inquiry is logical, and particularly significant from this pope, who was Pope John Paul II's strict enforcer of church doctrine. "In some ways, maybe he has got the greatest capacity to do it because there is no doubt about his orthodoxy," said the Rev. Jon Fuller, a Jesuit physician who runs an AIDS clinic at the Boston Medical Center. The issue has surfaced repeatedly as one of the most complicated and delicate facing the church. For years, some influential cardinals and theologians have argued for a change for couples affected by AIDS in the name of protecting life, while others have fiercely attacked the possibility as demoting the church's long advocacy of abstinence and marital fidelity to fight the disease. The news broke just after Benedict celebrated his first anniversary as pope, a relatively quiet papal year. But he devoted his first encyclical to love, specifically between a man and a woman in marriage. Indeed, with regard to condoms, the only change apparently being considered is in the specific case of married couples. But any change would be unpopular with conservative Catholics, some of faith than he did when he was still Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger, the papal adviser. "It's just hard to imagine that any pope—and this pope—would change the teaching," said Austin Ruse, president of the Culture of Life Foundation, a Catholic-oriented advocacy group in Washington that opposes abortion and contraception. ??????? http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27 It is too soon to know where the pope is heading. Far less contentious issues can take years to inch through the Vatican's nexus of belief and bureaucracy, prayer and politics, and Cardinal Javier Lozano Barragán, the pope's top aide on health care issues, and other officials declined requests for interviews. 31. By the first sentence in the first paragraph, the author actually means ________. A. the war can be supported by the church B. the Vatican is always telling a lie C. some doctrines of the church are not so unchangeable D. people may do as they like 32. The request from Pope Benedict XVI is particularly significant because ________. A. this pope strictly executed the Catholic doctrine B. this pope is powerful C. this pope has been against the use of condoms all the time D. This pope has been assisted the advocacy of human life 33. The word "demoting" (Line 3, Para. 5) ________. A. degrading B. opposing C. supporting D. changing 34. This issue is so complicated because ________. A. the pope has no capacity to deal with it B. it involve two poles of near certainty C. it may affect the pope's orthodoxy D. there are two parties on this issue in the church 35. According to the passage, the pope probably will ________. A. change the doctrine about the use of condoms B. give up his new ideas C. still carrying out the church beliefs D. None of the above TEXT 4 Healthy soda? That may strike some as an oxymoron. But for Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, it's a marketing opportunity. In coming months, both companies will introduce new carbonated drinks that are fortified with vitamins and minerals: Diet Coke Plus and Tava, which is PepsiCo's new offering. They will be promoted as "sparkling beverages." The companies are not calling them soft drinks because people are turning away from traditional soda, which has been hurt in part by publicity about its link to obesity. While the soda business remains a $68 billion industry in the United States, consumers are increasingly reaching for bottled water, sparkling juices and green tea drinks. In 2005, the amount of soda sold in this country dropped for the first in recent history. Even the diet soda business has slowed. Coca-Cola's chief executive, E. Neville Isdell, clearly frustrated that his industry has been singled out in the obesity debate, insisted at a recent conference that his diet products should be included in the health and wellness category because, with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines. "Diet and light brands are actually health and wellness brands," Mr. Isdell said. He asserted that Diet Coke Plus was a way to broaden the category to attract new consumers. Tom Pirko, president of Bevmark, a food and beverage consulting firm, said it was "a joke" to market artificially sweetened soft drinks as healthy, even if they were fortified with vitamins and minerals. Research by his firm and others shows that consumers think of diet soft drinks as "the antithesis of healthy," he said. These consumers "Comment on putting something synthetic and not natural into their bodies when they consume diet ??????? http://club.topsage.com/forum.php?gid=27 Born to win! colas," Mr. Pirko said. "And in the midst of a health and welfare boom, that ain't good." The idea of healthy soda is not entirely new. In 2004, Cadbury Schweppes caused a stir when it unveiled 7Up Plus, a low-calorie soda fortified with vitamins and minerals. Last year, Cadbury tried to extend the healthy halo over its regular 7Up brand by labeling it "100 percent natural." But the company changed the label to "100 percent natural flavor" after complaints from a nutrition group that a product containing high-fructose corn syrup should not be considered natural, and 7Up Plus has floundered. The new fortified soft drinks earned grudging approval from Michael F. Jacobson, executive director of the Center for Science in the Public Interest, A nutrition advocacy group and frequent critic of regular soft drinks, which it has labeled "liquid candy." A survey by Morgan Stanley found that only 10 percent of consumers interviewed in 2006 considered diet colas a healthy choice, compared with 14 percent in 2003. Furthermore, 30 percent of the consumers who were interviewed last year said that they were reluctant to drink beverages with artificial sweeteners, up from 21 percent in 2004. 36. Coca-Cola and PepsiCo call their new drinks "sparkling beverages" instead of " soft drinks" because _______. A. the new name sounds more brilliant and attracts more people B. the old name reminds people that they may cause people adding weight C. the new drinks are fortified with vitamins and minerals D. people are turning away from traditional soda 37. The sentence "with few or no calories, they are a logical answer to expanding waistlines" (Para. 4) means ________. A. they can give a reasonable answer to waistlines B. they are the logical reason of make people expand waistlines C. they will not cause obesity since they have few or no calories D. it is logical that they may expand people's waistlines 38. Tom Pirko's attitude on promoting the soft drinks as healthy is ________. A. joking B. positive C. negative D. indifferent 39. The word "floundered" (Line 6, Para.7) implies ________. A. stumbled B. struggled C. flustered D. troubled 40. The data in the last paragraph implies ________. A. the soft drinks will be singled out in the near future B. the marketing opportunities for these companies are not successful C. people are paying more and more attention to their health D. people think the soft drink is not healthy Part B Directions: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-E to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points) [A] The rise of a tycoon who is fond of America and South Africa, and who prints English slogans on his bottles of milk and mineral water, is a snub to Mr. Ratsiraka. The president, who has dominated politics since 1975— with a few years' absence in the mid-1990s—steer