2012考前狂背作文01-05

2012考前狂背作文1 宫东风英语教学团队编写 高等教育出版社版权所有 （1-1）The world's population reached 7 billion in 2011. （1-2）Population growth has rocketed. It took just 13 years for 1 billion more people to live on the planet, yet only at the dawn of the 19th century did a billion people first inhabit the Earth. （1-3）The rising population presents challenges to humanity. （2-1）Such a huge population will put a lot of pressure on Earth, For example, the population increase plus the pursuit of a better quality of life will require more resources and therefore put the environment in danger.  （2-2）The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people - about half the world's population - are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large proportion, of the world's people been malnourished. （2-3）As a result of increasing longevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children (persons under age 15) will decline slightly. Population aging poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. （2-4）The global issue of aging populations is set to affect China, too, by increasing pressure on pension and healthcare systems. China will experience dramatic population changes, especially in terms of aging and gender balance.  （3-1）How do we ensure that each of us has a decent standard of living while sustaining Earth's resources?  （3-2）If we do not voluntarily stabilize population, we risk a much less humane end to growth as the ongoing destruction of the earth's natural systems catches up with us.  （3-3 The Chinese government has recognized the potential for overconsumption of resources, and has adopted policies and taken steps to encourage a "green" economy and lifestyle.  （3-4）For example, it has shut down energy- and pollution-intensive industries; has discouraged car buying through such measures as limiting license plates; has encouraged garbage sorting, water and electricity conservation; and banned the free distribution of plastic bags nationwide.  2012考前狂背作文2 宫东风英语教学团队编写 高等教育出版社版权所有 (1-1) The central government has set a goal of having China obtain 11.4 percent of its energy from non-fossil sources by the end of 2015, up from 8 percent in 2011.  (1-2) And by 2020, the country is to get 15 percent of its energy from non-fossil sources.  (1-3) China will obtain 20 percent of its energy from non-fossil sources by 2030 and 33 percent by 2050.  (2-1) China, where 90 percent of the energy consumed comes from coal, crude oil and other substances with large carbon contents is trying to rely more on renewable sources of energy to cut its carbon emissions, which many scientists believe contribute to global warming.  (2-2) China obtains more than 50 percent of its oil from foreign sources and is likely to find that exploring for new coal will become more difficult in the long run. It has therefore looked more closely at hydro power, solar power, wind power and other sources of renewable energy in recent times.  (2-3) The central government has adopted a slew of measures to increase the use of renewable resources. The latest came when the National Development and Reform Commission announced on Nov 30, 2011 that the renewable energy surcharge on power sales would be doubled to 0.008 yuan a kilowatt hour on Dec 1. Analysts estimate that will benefit renewal energy projects, especially those pertaining to wind power.  (2-4) The renewable-energy industry, aided by both that law and by foreign expertise, has expanded greatly in the past five years. The wind-power industry, for instance, has gone from being next to non-existent to being a burgeoning business.  (3) That ceiling for energy use is in keeping with the country's pledge for carbon intensity—the amount of carbon it emits for each unit of its GDP. By 2020, the government wants that measure to be 45 percent below what it had been in 2005.  2012考前狂背作文3 宫东风英语教学团队编写 高等教育出版社版权所有 Creativity is the success mantra (1) The ratio of China's cultural industry to the country's GDP was just 2.75 percent in 2010, or one-third that of developed countries like the United States. But that also means China's cultural industry has a lot of potential. (2) Moreover, a historical opportunity awaits China's cultural industry because the government's policy and the fast pace of the country's economic growth can now give it strong support. (3) The core competitiveness of the cultural industry depends on creativity - just like the success of the film industry depends on its ability to tell a story excellently through audio-visual means. (4) China has a more profound history and culture compared to the US. But its film industry cannot exploit them and thus cannot compete with Hollywood. The sticking point is a lack of creation to use the available materials to tell a compelling story. (5) Creativity and innovation are crucial to the development of any industry. For example, the script should be the soul of a film or a TV series because it is crucial to tell a good story. A film cannot be competitive just because it's technically brilliant. (6) It is now the government's responsibility to develop China's culture industry into a global leader. For that, the government should make efforts to produce more creative cultural products and artists involved in the cultural industry should study Western esthetics closely. (7) China is expected to become the second largest film market in the world and the box office return in the country is expected cross 30 billion yuan in five years. All these will be of little use unless the productions are more creative and meaningful. 2012考前狂背作文4 宫东风英语教学团队编写 高等教育出版社版权所有 (1) China's trade surplus amounted to as much as $295.6 billion in 2008, about 6.5 percent of gross domestic product (GDP). In the first three quarters of 2011, the surplus has dropped to $107.1 billion, or about 2.2 percent of GDP.  (2) The increase of imports has pulled down the trade surplus, which has been a main target of criticism in its trade relations. China will combine the expansion of imports with export stability and aim to balance international trade. (3) Things are changing 10 years after China's entry into the WTO. The biggest world factory is on the way to become one of the largest world markets. The country now is the world's second largest importer. It imported $1 trillion of goods in 2009, compared with $243.6 billion in 2001. Imports will exceed $1.7 trillion in 2011, with total imports amounting to about $10 trillion over the next five years, according to Chen Deming, the commerce minister. (4) The change in trade policy is in accordance with the country's overall growth strategy. China has long relied on exports, investment and consumption as the three drivers of its economic growth. Exports are faced with more difficulties as a main growth engine. "Made in China" already takes more than one fifth of the world market share, and it is hardly getting any bigger. Cheap labor costs used to be the main advantage for manufacturing in China but now workers' wages are rising. The country is also facing fierce competition from Africa and other emerging economies. Further, the overall export market is shrinking as consumers in the developed world cut spending as the world economy weakens.  (5) As a result, domestic consumption has become more and more important as an alternative policy. "For the past 30 years, China has been encouraging exports. Now is the time to make the import policy our national strategy," said Wei Jianguo, a former commerce vice-minister.  2012考前狂背作文5 宫东风英语教学团队编写 高等教育出版社版权所有 Addressing Climate Change （1）Climate change is a global issue of common concern to the international community. In recent years, worldwide heat waves, droughts, floods and other extreme climate events have occurred frequently, making the impact of climate change increasingly prominent. It has become a main world trend that all countries join hands to respond to climate change and promote green and low-carbon development. （2）Never assume that mitigating climate change is beyond our ability. This is the attitude of the Chinese government, which sees climate change as a major issue concerning the country's overall economic and social development and a common concern for the international community.  （3）It sets out the objectives and tasks for addressing climate change during the next five years: carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP will be reduced by 17 percent and energy consumption per unit of GDP by 16 percent as compared with 2010, and the capacity of carbon sinks will be increased to control greenhouse gas emissions. The acreage of new forests will increase by 12.5 million hectares.  （4）For such a populous developing country as China, the conflict between economic growth and environmental protection has never been so intense.  （5）The government and the people realize that economic growth at the cost of the environment not only contributes to climate change, it's also detrimental to the country's long-term development.  （6）When glaciers are melting at a faster rate than they used to and sea levels are rising at a higher rate than before, when extreme weather conditions are occurring more frequently than they used to and the average temperature is rising, human beings desperately need all countries to do whatever they can to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.  （7）China is aware of the challenges brought about by climate change and will adhere to the path of sustainable development.  PAGE 5