写作2

nullBEC Writing HigherBEC Writing Higher ProposalPart Two DescriptionPart Two DescriptionCandidates choose from three options: a report, a proposal or a piece of business correspondence. The task is supplied by the rubric, which provides an authentic reason for writing, and indicates for whom the piece of writing is being produced. For this task the candidate has to produce an extended piece of writing, presented either as a letter or as a report. The rubric is therefore more detailed and specific, with up to 120 words in length for each option. Test Questions (Part Two)Test Questions (Part Two)Question 2 • One of your biggest customers recently started purchasing from a competitor instead of from your organisation, and your Managing Director has asked you to investigate the reasons for this. • Write your report for the Managing Director: • explaining how you investigated the reasons • giving details of what you discovered • suggesting a way of dealing with the situationnullQuestion 3 • An international business magazine recently published an article about your company. However, the article contained a number of errors and was quite negative about your company, so your line manager has asked you to write to the editor of the magazine. • Write a letter to the editor of the magazine: • describing the errors that the article contained • presenting a detailed defense of the company • suggesting what you would like the editor to do nullQuestion 4 • Your company’s sales have been falling significantly. The Managing Director believes that the current marketing strategy is inadequate and needs revising. You have been asked to write a proposal for a new marketing strategy. • Write your proposal for the Managing Director: • explaining what is wrong with the current marketing strategy • outlining some idea for a new marketing strategy • giving reasons why these ideas would be effectiveGolden Rules (Do & Don’t)Golden Rules (Do & Don’t)Do read the question thoroughly and underline important parts. Do make a plan for each answer. Do write in paragraphs whenever appropriate. Do check your writing for verb tenses, plural forms and word order in sentences. Do spend more time on Part 2 than on Part 1. Do use a range of vocabulary.Golden RulesGolden RulesDo write in full sentences and use a range of structures to avoid repetition. Do include figures in Part 1. Do use the correct format for Part 2 and think about the target reader. Do write in pen. This enables you to edit your work more carefully. Don’t write your answer on the question paper(only use this for your plan). Golden RulesGolden RulesDon’t copy language from the reading paper. Don’t mix formal and informal language. Don’t waste words giving reasons for the data in Part 1, you only need to describe it. Don’t waste time writing addresses for a letter, as they are not required. Don’t worry if you run slightly over the word limit. Outline for Today’s TalkOutline for Today’s Talk1. What is a proposal? 2. Useful Expressions & Sentence Patterns 3. Writing Steps 4. Model Practice 5. Authentic tests and their evaluation 6. A Review of BEC Writing Higher 7. Language guide What is a proposal?What is a proposal? a persuasive offer to solve problems, provide service, or sell products unsolicited proposal (Request for Proposal, i.e. RFP) vs. solicited proposal Letter; memo; document StructureStructure1. Introduction 2. Background 3. Proposal / Recommendations 4. Conclusion StructureStructure1. Introduction In this part, you should state briefly and clearly the purpose of this proposal. e.g. This proposal sets out to describe and analyze the possible use of technology in the Marketing Department. The purpose of this proposal is to analyze the travel and entertainment budget, and suggest ways to tighten management’s control over travel and entertainment expenses. null2. Background In this part, you should state clearly and directly what problem exists. e.g. In the past several months, a number of organizational problems had surfaced. By the end of July 2003, 510 sets of imported Sunflower elevators had been sold in China. null3. Proposal / Recommendations In this part, you should suggest a practical solution in detail and tell the benefit it can bring. e.g. 1) Proposal：To help our company to get through the current energy crisis and to reduce the cost of electricity, the following conservation measures are effective: 1)… 2)… 3)… 2) Benefit：There is no denying that these improvements will bring vast profits to the company. Our employees will be able to work faster, more effectively and make greater use of technological innovations. Moreover, our company will be more likely to easily overcome fierce competition in the market. null4. Conclusion In this part, you should reconfirm that the proposal will solve the problem and restate the benefit it will bring. e.g. To sum up, it seems obvious that the introduction of new technology into the Marketing Department will enable the company to gain huge profits. Our position in the market will be strengthened. I am confident that these measures will reduce our cost of electricity significantly. I will appreciate your efforts to accept them.Useful ExpressionsUseful ExpressionsIntroduction The proposal aims/sets out to… The aim/purpose of this proposal is to recommend The purpose/objective/aim of this proposal is to … to deal with problems of … to explore problems/some negative aspects (influence) of. … to focus on the issue… to investigate/to look at/ to present information on … to recommend/ to study… nullThis proposal recommends a solution and provides budget and time schedule figures. My proposal intends to make our company more effective and more authoritative at achieving its goals through improving the performance of both workers and managers.nullBackground 引言 It has been noted that our company has experienced a sudden increase in customer orders … It is evident/clear that … 回顾 Surveys were conducted among…, and we find Questionnaires were distributed to …, and results show that…null 存在问题 There is another problem which has to be solved. In the past several months, a number of organizational problems had surfaced. The major problems which exist in our company can be summarized as follows: … . A number of employees clearly suffer from demotivation as a result of dissatisfaction in one or more areas of their work. The key findings are outlined below: … . null调查结果 The investigation has revealed that… 调查 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 明 Our findings suggest that it might be advisable to… As is evidenced by the statements of all our employees, a brand-new payment system should be launched. It is noted that 85% of respondents are of the opinion that there is an urgent need to improve the quality of the company’s products. We are currently dedicated to the research and development of new medicines for a wide variety of conditions and diseases. During this process, we learn… null计划 The project, which is being undertaken by… is to be completed by… If…, I am confident that we can…nullRecommendations It is proposed/suggested/recommended that… We strongly propose that … It is essential to/that… It would be advisable to … We strongly recommend that the company… The following recommendations are offered:… We also suggest that … be … If this is not possible, we recommend that … One possible solution to the problem of …is to search for… nullIf we were to do this, we might reduce the threat of loss of good managerial-level staff. Please take a fresh look at the matter of… A consideration of my proposal on market strategy would be highly appreciated. I am sincere and eager to suggest that fire extinguishers be installed in our new branch factories. It is essential to energize every employee to make the most of their talents, and training is the vital step. Please consider the following aspects when deciding: nullConclusion It is clear that… It seems obvious that… The following conclusions are based on the results of the investigation: … To sum up, it seems obvious… The above mentioned points are my recommendations. I’ll sum up by saying… I am positive that… In view of the above, we find… We’ll conclude by saying…Writing StepsWriting Steps1. Before writing 首先应认真读题，弄清题目的具体要求，明确写作目的和写作者的身份。 the purpose (e.g. to persuade, to explain, to apologize, or to notify?) the reader (what does he or she want to know?) What do you want the reader to do? 2. Outline 信息分类 • 时间顺序 • 最不重要到最重要 • 最重要到最不重要 • 空间顺序 • 简单到复杂 null比较和对比 • 用熟悉的观点去联系不熟悉的信息 • 把自己的产品同竞争对手的产品进行比较或对比 • 用什么顺序来陈述优势和劣势 因果关系 问题和解决 • 作决定前需要什么事实、推导和结论？ • 用什么样的数据或例子能找到解决问题的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ？ null2. Outline 1) 确定文章中心内容(题目中已有明确提示) 2) 写出每段的中心词或起始句 3) 斟酌全文的开篇和结尾的用词和句式, 以 使开头部分重点突出, 吸引人; 结尾部分具 有说服力。3. While Writing 3. While Writing 段落 • 每个段落只讨论一个主题 • 有主题句反映主题 • 其余支撑句子均支持或描写主题句 • 用过渡词连接 格式; 语气 null3. 句子 • 平行结构很有力 e.g. The bank offers savings, checking, lending, and trust services. • 合并句子 合并前：The process consists of deciding what levels of importance each of them have. Then you organize your tasks around achieving them. 合并后：The process consists of deciding the levels of importance of each and organizing the tasks.null• 长短句搭配，简单句和复合句并用 • 平均句长15-18词，一句中标点不超过4个 改写前： Regardless of their seniority, all employees who hope to be promoted will continue their education either by enrolling in the special course to be offered by the ABC Company, scheduled to be given on the next eight Saturdays beginning on January 24, or by taking approved correspondence course selected from a list available in the Staff Development Office.null改写后： Regardless of their seniority, all employees who hope to be promoted will continue their education in one or two days. First, they may enroll in the special course to be offered by the ABC Company, scheduled to be given on the next eight Saturdays beginning on January 24. Second, they may take approved correspondence course selected from a list available in the Staff Development Office. null• 句首句尾内容应得到突出 修改前： In the near future, sales will be hiring two new account managers as we work on improving our customer service. 修改后： Two new account managers, who will be hired by sales in the near future, will help us improve customer service.null 4. 检查 (Review) 1) 是否包含所有要点 2) 主次关系和逻辑关系是否合理 3) 语法、拼写等是否正确Model Practice 1Model Practice 1Your company has decided to conduct an investigation into the possibility of increasing the number of ways in which technology is used throughout the organization. You have been asked to write a proposal concerning the use of technology in your department for the Managing Director.  Write your proposal, including the following:null a brief outline of the current uses of technology in your department  a description of what technological improvements could be made  an explanation of the benefits these changes might bring  recommendations for the kind of training that would be necessary. Write 200-250 words on the separate answer paper provided. nullPurpose As requested, the purpose of this proposal is to describe and analyze the possible use of technology in the Marketing Department. Current use of technology Up to now the members of our department have taken advantage of technological equipment, i.e. computers, in order to launch our products most successfully. Not only have we arranged promotional and advertising campaigns but we have also conducted market research via the Internet so as to meet our consumers’ growing demands.nullTechnological Improvements In our work we have used computer software and hardware which has already become obsolete and urgently needs modernization. Therefore, the purchase of up-to-date programs and equipment is of prime. Benefits There is no denying that these improvements will bring vast profits to the company. Our team will be able to work faster, more effectively and make greater use of technological innovations. Moreover, our company will be more likely to easily overcome fierce competition in the market. nullTraining It seems obvious that our staff do not possess the knowledge of how to use new software. Thus, training on the use of modern programs would be recommended as necessary. Conclusion To sum up, the introduction of new technology into the Marketing Department will enable the company to gain huge profits. Our position in the market will be strengthened.Model Practice 2Model Practice 2You are the chairman of the staff union in your company. To inspire and reward all the employees for the contributions they have made, you consider offering your proposal of a gym room for the welfare of all the employees. Write a proposal to the General Manager:null showing your appreciation to the employees’ performance  explaining the necessity of having a gym room  suggesting the strengths and benefits of having a gym room.  Write 200-250 words on the separate answer paper provided. nullDear Manager, Introduction: The purpose of the proposal is to appeal to the company to provide the staff a gym room. With strong, dedicated teams and talented staff, our company’s profits have remarkably increased in recent years. So first of all I would like to show my hearty appreciation to what they have achieved and I suppose their marvelous performance and faithful devotion to work should be lauded and rewarded accordingly. nullBackground: As you know, our company mainly employs sedentary workers: analysts, programmers, managers, operators, and technicians. Long-time work and crowded schedules take up most of their time and thus prevent our employees from doing enough exercises. Exercises make healthy body, and healthy body guarantees wonderful performance in their work. On the contrary, poor health will be a distraction and have our employees frequently be absent from their positions. In addition, current health insurance policies focus on curing illnesses rather than preventing them. Hence, it is quite advisable and necessary for our company to provide our staff a gym room. nullBenefits: An energetic and vigorous employee is likely to tap his potential into full play, and concentrate on his work whole-heartedly. Exercises produce healthier employees, and healthy employees are more productive. Conclusion: To sum up, it seems obvious that a gym room can provide a facility contributing to the physical fitness of all our employees, and employees’ fitness is an essential to gaining profits. Model Practice 3Model Practice 3The company you work for is growing rapidly, so in this case you have recruited several sales representatives, and all of them are quite experienced and responsible. However, a recent survey shows some of them are still not familiar with their new working environment and are not used to the new system. In order to help them adapt to the new environment timely. You schedule a proposal for a training session.Write a proposal to the Sales Manager:Write a proposal to the Sales Manager:pointing out the present problems with the newly recruited sales representatives suggesting a training session what they are going to be taught in the training session the benefits brought by the training session Write 200-250 words on the separate answer paper provided.null Proposal for a Training Session Introduction: The aim of this proposal is to recommend a training session called “To Be Familiar with Your Post” for the sales representatives of the Sales Department. Background: We have recruited several sales representatives recently. In spite of their former sales experience, they are not familiar with their new working environment and need quite a period to adapt to everything. Such a training session seems to be necessary and urgent. Contents and Benefits: There are many items relevant to the one-day training session for the sales representatives, which are designed to nullhighlight work efficiency in the company. Some brief information of the company should be given, such as the company’s history, its organizational structures and financial structure. These could probably develop their loyalty and affection to the company. They must be informed of the company’s main products, its annual sales volume, and the sales target this year. Clear recognition of this can help them adjust their personal goals and it will be served as great motivation. Then, the course can focus on our customers. High value should be put on the types and characteristics of the target customers. Their needs are also expected to be transmitted to the sales representatives, which will help them to be more responsive and adaptive when selling products. They should be given a brief introduction to the people whom they are nullworking together with since co-ordination and teamwork can greatly contribute to the company. Conclusion: We strongly recommend that training be arranged as soon as possible. Model Practice 4Model Practice 4Your Managing Director has decided that the company’s website should be improved and has asked you to consider ways of going about this. Write a proposal for the Managing Director: summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of the current website suggesting new services and information to be provided through the websites. explaining the benefits the improvements would bring. Write 200-250 words on the separate answer paper provided. To:Mr. Clark, Managing Director From: John Walker, Head of the Administrative Department Date: Feb.28, 2006To:Mr. Clark, Managing Director From: John Walker, Head of the Administrative Department Date: Feb.28, 2006 Proposal on Improving Company’s Website Service The aim of this report is to summarize the strengths and weaknesses of the current website, and recommend new services and information to be provided through the website. Strengths Our website can streamline business processes to improve operating efficiencies. Based on information provided by current website, we can analyze past customer behavior to anticipate customers’ needs, thus allowing suppliers and customers controlled access to the data they need. nullWe now have greater ability to offer goods and services to the consumer over the Web. We can present goods more effectively, take orders and invoice on-line. This means improving margins for the business and a faster, more responsive service for customers. We have built, through website, our reputation on personal service and high quality products. Weaknesses We have to take on more expenses, because we need to provide 24-hour website service/back-up. We also need to keep up-to-date with technical advances to tackle the potential systems failures (viruses). The customers need to have reliable Internet access. At present, many e-commerce customers lack of confidence in system security. It’s hard for customers to trust e-commerce when they can’t see the practices behind the promises.nullRecommendation I wish to recommend a portfolio of on-line service, merging online files with data collected about individuals’ off-line purchase to better target promotions, thus remaking our website into a popular Web departing from its once-serious image. With new offerings, the content makeover should lure enough users into portal and keep them there long enough for the company to raise advertising and e-commerce sales to larger revenue.Model Practice 5Model Practice 5You are the head of the Administrative Department of a company. The Managing Director has asked you to write a proposal for office health and safety provisions. Write proposal for the Managing Director: giving reasons for writing the proposal summarizing the problems that have been raised concerning office health and sa