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英语翻译系列讲座之五 上海 吴磊 中译英常设考点分析 (二)以动名词做主语的考点 解说:非谓语动词是英语动词用法中较难掌握的语法项目之一,以动名词做主语是高考中译英语常设的考点。由于受中文的影响,翻译时常见的错误是用动词原形做译文的主语。这类句子的中文原文有个明显的特点:句首出现的是动词或动宾搭配,在语法上,这个动词或动宾搭配作后一个动词的主语。英语语法知识告诉我们,动词原形不可以作主语,因此遇到这样的试题我们可以考虑用动名词作主语来翻译。必须指出的是,中译英中在考查“动名词做主语”时一般很难在提示词中得到暗示,同学们需对原文做分析作出判断。 例1、 勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一。(infect) Washing hands often/ frequently / regularly is one of the effective ways to avoid being infected by disease(s). 例1、 充分利用时间并不意味着从早到晚不停地看书。(keep) Making full use of time doesn’t mean keeping on reading books from morning till night. 例1、 长时间看电视有损视力。(do harm) Watching too much TV does harm to one’s eyes. Watching TV for a long time does harm to one’s eyes. 练习: 1、 丢失那条名贵的项链使玛丽很不开心。(make) 1、 广泛阅读是扩大词汇量的最有效的途径之一。(enlarge) 1、 定期复习课文可以使我们更好地掌握已学的知识。(enable) 1、 晚饭后看一会儿电视已成了我长期养成的一个习惯。(habit) 1、 吃太多的甜食容易使人发胖。(likely) 1、 饭后散一会儿步有益健康。(do good to) 1、 大量砍伐树木已经对生态平衡带来了严重影响。(upset) 1、 照看婴儿是一项很累的活。(task) 1、 听愉快的音乐有助于从疲劳中恢复过来。(help) 10.大量服用这种药会产生副作用。(effect) 参考译文: 1. Losing the expensive necklace made Mary very sad. 1. Reading widely/ extensively is one of the most effective ways to enlarge our vocabulary. 1. Reviewing /Going over the texts regularly enables us to know better what we have learned. 1. Watching TV for a while after supper has been my long established habit. 1. Eating too much sweets is likely to make one fat. 1. Taking a walk for a while after meal does good to health. 1. Cutting down trees in large numbers has greatly upset the balance of nature. 1. Taking care of babies is a tiring task. 1. Listening to pleasant music helps to keep us refreshed. 1. Taking this medicine too much will cause side effect.