電子支票之流程簡介及相關法律問題淺析

1 ?????????????????? ??? ?? 90 ? 5 ? 14 ? ?? ?? ????????????????????????????????? ??????? 7??????????????????????????? ?,???????????????,??????:??????????? ?????????????,??????????????,??????? ?????,????????????,????????????,???? ???,????,??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ???? 2 ??????????????????????????????? ?? ??????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????sign?? ???????????????1??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????Automated Clearing House,ACH????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????2??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????? EDI ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? ???fee????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????34 ??????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????Financial Services 1 ????????????????????????????? http://be1.udnnews.com/2001/1/15/NEWS/STOCK/PERSONAL/127795.shtml ? 2 ????????????????1999? 4? 30?? http://www.ec.org.tw/ecpilot/ecpilot13/index.html? 3 ???????????????? http://www.tdctrade.com/correspondence/dictionary/htmlpage/13000223.htm? 4 ??????what is the eCheck?? http://www.echeck.org/overview/what.html???????? ??An eCheck is the electronic version or representation of a paper check.?eChecks:?contain the same information as paper checks contain?are based on the same rich legal framework as paper checks?can be linked with unlimited information and exchanged directly between parties?can be used in any and all remote transactions where paper checks are used today?enhance the functions and features provided by bank checking accounts?expand on the usefulness of paper checks by providing value-added information? 3 Technology Consortium?FSTC ????????????????????? ??????????? PC ????personal computer memory card inter- national association?PCMCIA ?? IC ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????5???? ????????????????????????registration?6???? ????????????? PCMCIA ? IC ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????electronic check presentation?ECP ???? ??????automatic clearing house?ACH ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????7 ????????????????????????????????? ?? E-Mail or WWW ??????? ??????? ??????????????? Verify signatures? ???????Digital Signature?? Endorse?Write Deposit ?????????????? ?Sign? ?write echeck?? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? 1? 5 Digital Signature?An encryption process that provides assurance of the authentication of the signer, data integrity of the document, and ensures against repudiation of the transaction. It is not a digitized version of a hand written signature. Digital signatures use public key cryptography and work in conjunction with certificates. They validate the identity of participants and to ensure that the message received has not been altered. In the electronic check pilot, the payee software will automatically digitally sign electronic checks when the payee marks them for deposit. From Glossary of echeck terminology? http://www.echeck.org/library/glossary.html? 6 B. Clifford Neuman and Gennady Medvinsky?Requirements for Network Payment?The NetCheque Perspective In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON'95?p.3?March 1995? http://www.isi.edu/people/bcn/papers/pdf/9503_netcheque-neuman-medvinsky-compcon95.pdf? 7 ????????????????????????????? 28 ?? 11 ??? 863?89 ? 9 ?? ??? ?payer? ??? ?payee? 4 Verify signatures?Credit Verify signatures? ??????? deposit8???? 2? Debit echeck? ??? 3? ??? 4? ??????9 ?? 1????(????)??????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????write out a deposit? ????????sign??10???????????????????? ?? 2???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? credit the payee’s account? ?? 3???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??11 ?? 4???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????Certificate Authority?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????? 1? ????????? 8 Electronic Deposit Slip?An electronic version of a paper deposit slip?These can be found in the payee’s electronic checkbook?The payee will attach an electronic check to his/her electronic deposit slip and e- mail these to the bank?From Glossary of echeck terminology?http://www.echeck.org/library/glossary.html? 9 Architectural overview of the FSTC eCheck system?by Milton Anderson (FSTC)?p.2?Version 1.0.2? September 29?1998?http://www.echeck.org/library/wp/index.html? 10 ??? 9?? 2? 11 ??? 9?? 1? Payee’s Bank Clearing ? Settlement Payer’s Bank 5 ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? 2? ??????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????electronic cash?12?????????? ????????????? 3? ?????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? 4? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????1314 ??????????? ??????????????????????????can be used by all account holders, large and small??????????????????????? ????????is the most secure and rapid payment instrument available today??? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 15 12 ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? 13 ??????????????????? 3-17?3-18??? 89 ? 6 ??? 14 Echecks have important new features?They offer?the ability to conduct bank transactions,?yet are safe enough to use on the Internet?unlimited, but controlled, information carrying capability?reduces fraud losses for all parties?automatic verification of content and validity?traditional checking features such as stop payments and easy reconciliation?enhanced capabilities such as effective dating?From What is echeck? http://www.echeck.org/overview/what.html? 15 ???????????? 1?????????? http://be1.udnnews.com/2001/2/11/NEWS/FINANCE/FINANCE/158023.shtml? 6 ????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? FSTC ??? ???????? internet and echeck??????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? 7 ??????????? ??????????? ????????value?? ??????????? ?????? ????16 ?? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ????17????????????????????(Asymmetric Cryptography)????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????(Private Key)18???????19(Public Key)????????????????????????????????? ???????? IC ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????20 ?????????????????? Hash?????????? 128byte??????????????????????????????? 16 ??????????????????????????????????? 76 ??? 25 ?26??? 88 ? 3 ?? 17???????????????? 2 ?? 4 ????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? 18 ???????????????? 2 ?? 5 ????????????????????? ???????????????????? 19???????????????? 2 ?? 6 ????????????????????? ?????????????????? 20 ??????? CA ????????????????????http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 8 ???????????????????? Hash???????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???? CA ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????21 ????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? UCC ??????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 21 ???? vs ???? 120?121?1999 ? 2 ??? 9 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????? CA ???????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? CA ?????????????????? ??????????????????22 ?????????????????????????? ? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????Digital Signatures??? ???????????????????????????Biometric Authentication Technologies???????????????????????? ????????????????????DNA ???????????? ???????? ?????? UNCITRAL ???? Draft Uniform Rules on Electronic Signature ???????????????Technology Neutrality???????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????Electronic Signatures???????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????23??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 22 ????????????????????????????? 33?35?2000 ? 9 ?? 23 ???????????????? 2 ?? 2 ????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 10 ??????????????????????????????????? ???????? 1996??????????? ????????????????1999?? 6?9?????????? ????the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act ?HR 1714??? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????Electronic Signatures???????? ???????Electronic Authentication??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????DNA ?????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ????????????????24 ?????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????25 ???????????? ?????????????????????? ???????Certification Authority??? CA ???????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? 24 ???????????????????????????????????????? ??88? 8??http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 25 ??????????????? ??????????????????????? http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 11 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?identity??????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????(Certification Authority)?? ???????????????????????????????26 ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? CA ?????????? CA ? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????? CA ?????????? CA ?????? CA ??????? ???????????????????????????????(subject)? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? 26???? vs ???? 122?123?1999 ? 2 ??? 12 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????27 ????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????28 ?????? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????29 ???? ????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????(B2C)?????????????????? 27 ????????????? ???????????????????????? http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 28 ????? 22 ?? 39?40? 29 ??????????????????????????????????????? http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 13 ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 7? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 1 ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????? 7 ?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????30 ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? 1?B. Clifford Neuman and Gennady Medvinsky?Requirements for Network Payment? The NetCheque Perspective In Proceedings of IEEE COMPCON'95?March 1995? 2??????????????????????????? 28??11?? 89? 9?? 3?????????????????? 89?6??? 4????????????????????????????? 76???? 88? 3?? 5??? vs???1999? 2??????????????? 6?????????????????????????2000?9?? 7?PC Home On-Line??????? ??????????????????? ????2001.01.15???? http://news.pchome.com.tw/ttimes/finance/20010115/index-20010115154545089395.html? 8???????????????????????????? http://be1.udnnews.com/2001/1/15/NEWS/STOCK/PERSONAL/127795.shtml ? 9???????????????1999?4 ? 30?? http://www.ec.org.tw/ecpilot/ecpilot13/index.html? 10??????????????? http://www.tdctrade.com/correspondence/dictionary/htmlpage/13000223.htm? 30 PC Home On-Line??????? ???????????????????????2001.01.15 ????http://news.pchome.com.tw/ttimes/finance/20010115/index-20010115154545089395.html? 14 11?what is the eCheck?? http://www.echeck.org/overview/what.html?? 12?Glossary of echeck terminology?http://www.echeck.org/library/glossary.html? 13?Architectural overview of the FSTC eCheck system?by Milton Anderson (FSTC)? p.2?Version 1.0.2?September 29?1998? http://www.echeck.org/library/wp/index.html? 14??????????? 1 ?????????? http://be1.udnnews.com/2001/2/11/NEWS/FINANCE/FINANCE/158023.shtml? 15?????? CA ??????????????????? http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 16?????????????????????????????????? ??????88? 8??http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 17????????????? ???????????????????? ???http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 18??????????? ?????????????????????? ??http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm? 19?????????????????????????????????? ???http://stlc.iii.org.tw/stlc_c.htm?