乔布斯2005年斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲（中英文）

乔布斯2005年在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲 Steve Jobs: Commencement Address at Stanford University, 2005 求知若饥，虚心若愚 "Stay Hungry, Stay Foolish." 12 June, 2005 史蒂夫·乔布斯(Steve Paul Jobs)苹果电脑公司和皮克斯动画公司(Pixar)首席执行官。以下是2005年6月12日乔布斯在斯坦福大学毕业典礼上的演讲。乔布斯于2011年9月5日去世，享年56岁。 这是一次著名的演讲。网上中文译文很多，但我觉得多少有些不尽如人意，我试着在以前译文的基础上进行了重新翻译，以怀念这位天才。不妥和谬误之处，欢迎指正。 Thank you. I'm honored to be with you today for your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. Truth be told, I never graduated from college, and this is the closest I've ever gotten to a college graduation. Today, I want to tell you three stories from my life. That's it. No big deal. Just three stories. The first story is about connecting the dots. I dropped out of Reed College after the first six months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out? 谢谢大家！ 今天，我有幸来到世界上最好的大学之一，参加你们的毕业典礼。我大学没毕业。说实话，这是我离大学毕业典礼距离最近的一次。今天，我只说我生活中的三个故事，不谈大道理，就说三个故事。 第一个故事，点滴连成人生轨迹 我在里德学院(Reed College)待了6个月就退学了。但在真正离开学校前，我还在学校呆了18个月左右。那么，我为什么要退学呢？ It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife --- except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking, "We've got an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?" They said, "Of course." My biological mother found out later that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would go to college. This was the start in my life. And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents' savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn't see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. 这得从我出生前讲起。当时我的生母还是个研究生，年轻未婚。她决定我生下后让别人收养。她暗下决心，收养我的人必须是大学毕业的。所以在我出生前，一切收养的手续都办妥了，准备让一对律师夫妇收养我。但当我真的降生了，这对夫妻又反悔了。在这最后一刻，他们说想收养一个女孩。所以我的养父母（有收养意愿名单上的一对夫妻）在一天半夜里接到一通电话，“我们有个意料外出生的男婴，你们要认养吗？”我的生母在电话中问。“当然。”后来，我的生母发现，我的养母从没上过大学，而我养父连高中也没上过。我生母拒绝在认养文件上签字。拖了几个月，直到我养父母答应将来一定让我上大学，这事才算办妥。我生命的旅程就这样开始了。 17年后，我真的上了大学。但是我天真地选了一所学费几乎跟斯坦福一样贵的大学，我的父母是工薪阶层，这意味着我的学费要花掉他们的所有积蓄。6个月过去了，我看不出念这书的价值何在。那时，我不知道我这辈子要干什么，也不知道念大学对我有什么帮助，而且上这学还要花光了我父母这辈子的所有积蓄。 So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out okay. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn't interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked far more interesting. It wasn't all romantic. I didn't have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends' rooms. I returned coke bottles for the five cent deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the seven miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example: Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn't have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can't capture, and I found it fascinating. 所以我决定退学，相信船到桥头自然直。当时做这个决定时非常可怕，可是现在看来，那是我这辈子做过的最好决定之一。我退学之后就再也不用上我没兴趣的必修课了，而把时间拿去听那些我感兴趣的课程。 这并不浪漫。我没有宿舍，所以我睡在朋友宿舍的地板上，靠着检5分钱一个空可乐罐换饭吃，每个星期天晚上。我得走上七哩的路程，绕过大半个镇去印度教的克利须那觉悟会神庙吃顿好饭。我喜欢克利须那觉悟会神庙的饭。我无意地跟着好奇与直觉行事，而其间的大多数经历后来都成了无价之宝。我给你们举个例子吧。 当时里德学院有着大概是全美最好的书法课程。整个校园内的每一张海报和每个抽屉上的标签，都是漂亮的手写字。因为我退学了，就不必正常去上课了，所以我就跑去上书法课，去学如何能写出那些漂亮的字。我学了衬线与无衬线字体，学了如何调整不同字母组合时的字间距，学了如何排版才能美观。书法的美感、历史感与艺术感是科学所无法拥有的，我觉得书法真的令人陶醉。 None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the "Mac" would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, it's likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on that calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards 10 years later. Again, you can't connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something --- your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever --- because believing that the dots will connect down the road will give you the confidence to follow your heart, even when it leads you off the well-worn path, and that will make all the difference. My second story is about love and loss. 我并没期望这些东西在我日后的生活中会实际用得上。但10年后，当我们 设计 领导形象设计圆作业设计ao工艺污水处理厂设计附属工程施工组织设计清扫机器人结构设计 第一台苹果电脑时，所有这些学过的东西都浮现在我的眼前。我们把这些东西融进了苹果电脑。这是第一台能呈现出漂亮字体的电脑。如果我当初没有选这门课，苹果电脑就不会有这么多漂亮的字体和匀称美观的字间距了。又因为Windows拷贝了苹果的字体，似乎没有这些字体就不会有个人电脑。如果当年我没退学，我也不会去上书法课，个人电脑也就不会有像现在这些众多的字体了。当然，当我还在大学时不可能预先把这些事件点连接起来，但10年后回过头来想想，就变得非常清晰。 我再说一次，你不可能预先把这些点连在一起；只有在未来回想起来，才会明白那些点是如何连在一起的。所以你得相信，生活中的这些点一定会以某种方式连接起来。只要你相信你生命中的许多点会连接起来，你得相信某些东西譬如毅力、天数、命运、生命轮回，无论什么都会给你顺从自己内心的自信，甚至它会引导你走出误区，使你整个人生完全不同起来。 第二个故事，有关得与失 I was lucky --- I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz1 and I started Apple in my parents' garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a two billion dollar company with over 4000 employees. We'd just released our finest creation --- the Macintosh --- a year earlier, and I had just turned 30.And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. And so at 30, I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating. I really didn't know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down --- that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me: I still loved what I did. 我很幸运，因为很早我就知道爱做什么。我20岁时，沃滋和我就在我父母的车库里开始苹果电脑的事业。我们拼命工作，10年内，苹果公司就从一间车库里的两个小伙子发展到今天有4000多员工、市价20亿美元的一家大公司。我们推出了最棒的产品－苹果电脑。可就在1年后，刚迈入人生的第30个年头，我被炒了鱿鱼。 怎么会被自己创办的公司炒了鱿鱼呢？ 随着公司发展，我请了一个我认为很有才干的人一起来经营，头几年确实一切都很顺利。但后来我们在对公司未来的愿景上产生了分歧，最后发展到吵架。在我们争吵不休的时候，董事会站在他那边，所以我30岁被炒了鱿鱼，公开地把我请了出去。曾经是我整个成年生活的重心不在了，令我不知所措。 有几个月，我实在不知道干什么好。我觉得令企业界的前辈们失望－我把他们交给的接力棒弄丢了。我见了惠普创始人David Packard和英特尔创始人Bob Noyce，向他们道歉把事情弄成了这个样子。我成了公众眼中的反面典型，我甚至想要离开硅谷。但我渐渐地发现，我还是钟爱着我从事过的事业。 The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over. I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life. During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the world's first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, and I retuned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple's current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together. I'm pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn't been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometime life --- Sometimes life going to hit you in the head with a brick. Don't lose faith. I'm convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You've got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. 在苹果经历的那些事，丝毫没有改变我的执着和追求。我被炒了，但我的追求未变，所以我决定从头再来。 当时我不可能明白，但现在看来，被苹果开除是我所经历过的最好的事情。成功的压力被从头再来的轻松所取代，每件事情都不那么确定。这使我得以有空进入我一生中最有创造力的年代。 接下来的5年，我创办了一家叫NeXT的公司和一家叫做Pixar的公司，我还和一位美女相爱，她就是劳伦，后来成了我的太太。Pixar接着制作了世界上第一部全电脑动画电影《玩具总动员》，现在Pixar是世界上最成功的动画制作公司。形势出现了巨大的转变，苹果买下了NeXT，我又回到了苹果公司。我们在NeXT开发的技术成了苹果电脑后来复兴的核心。劳伦和我也有了温馨的家庭。 我确信，如果当年苹果公司没有开除我，就不会发生这些事情。这帖药很苦，但病人需要这帖良药。有时生活会用砖头拍你的头，这时请不要丧失信念。我确信，这些年来让我继续走下去的唯一理由就是我爱我所做的。你得找出你到底爱什么。工作上如此，生活上也如此。 Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven't found it yet, keep looking --- and don't settle. As with all matters of the heart, you'll know when you find it. And like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking --- don't settle. My third story is about death When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: "If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you'll most certainly be right." It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I've looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: "If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?" And whenever the answer has been "No" for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something. Remembering that I'll be dead soon is the most important tool I've ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything --- all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure --- these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart. 你的工作将占去你生活的大半，真正获得满足的唯一方法就是去做你确信是伟大的事业。而通向伟大事业的唯一道路就是爱你所做的。如果你还没找到你伟大的事业，那就继续找，别停顿。竭尽全力，你定会找到。事情只会随着时间愈来愈好，这是必然。所以，在你找到之前，继续找，别停顿。 第三个故事，关于死亡 当我17岁时，我读到一则格言，大概的意思是“把每一天都当成生命中的最后一天，你就会做你最该做的。”这对我影响深远，在此后的33年里，我每天早上都会照着镜子自问：“如果今日是此生的最后一天，我会做我想要做的吗？”每当我的 答案 八年级地理上册填图题岩土工程勘察试题省略号的作用及举例应急救援安全知识车间5s试题及答案 连续数天都是“不”，我就知道我必须有所改变了。 提醒自己快死了，是我在人生中做重大决定时所用过的最重要的工具。因为几乎每件事—所有外界对你的期待、所有的荣誉、所有对困惑或失败的恐惧—在面对死亡时，都会荡然无存，而留下的才是最重要的东西。提醒自己快死了，就我所知，是避免自己患得患失的最好方法。人，生不带来，死不带去，没什么理由不顺心而为。 About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn't even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor's code for "prepare to die." It means to try and tell your kids everything you thought you'd have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. I means to say your goodbyes. I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and, thankfully, I'm fine now. This was the closest I've been to facing death, and I hope it's the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept: 一年前，我被诊断出癌症。我在早上七点半做断层扫描检查，片子上清楚显示出我的胰脏有一个肿瘤，那时我连胰脏是什么都不知道。医生告诉我，那几乎可以确定是一种不治之症，活不到3~6个月了。医生建议我回家，处理好有关事务，说白了，就是等死吧。这就是说，你得设法在几个月内把你未来10年想跟孩子们要讲的事说完，你得把每件事情搞定，让家人尽量轻松，因为你要和人们说再见了。 我整天想着那个诊断结果。后来的一个晚上，我做了一次活组织切片检查，从喉咙插入一个内视镜，通 过胃进到肠子，再用一根针插进胰脏，取些肿瘤细胞出来。我打了镇静剂，毫无知觉，但我太太在场。后来她跟我说，当医生们用显微镜检查那些细胞后，他们惊讶不已，因为那是非常少见的一种胰脏癌，可以用手术治癒。所以我接受了手术，谢天谢地，我现在康复了。 那是我离死神最近的一次，我希望那也是在未来几十年中我和死神最近的一次接触。有了这次经历，我可以比之前更加确定地而不仅仅是抽象的说，死亡对我们是有帮助的。 No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It's Life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it's quite true. Your time is limited, so don't waste it living someone else's life. Don't be trapped by dogma --- which is living with the results of other people's thinking. Don't let the noise of others' opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important is to have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary. When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the "bibles" of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 60s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and Polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along. It was idealistic, overflowing with neat tools and great notions. 没人想死。即使那些想上天堂的人，也不想以死的方式上天堂。但是死亡是我们共同的终点，无人能逃，这是注定的，因为死亡简直是生命最好的创造者，是生命变化的原动力。正是死亡送走老人，给新人腾出空间。现在你们是新人，但不久的将来，你们也会逐渐变老，被送出人生舞台。抱歉我讲得这么直白，但的确如此。 你们的时间有限，不要浪费时间活在别人的生活里。不要被信条所迷惑－盲从信条就是活在别人的思维中。不要让别人的评价淹没了你内心的声音。最为重要的是要拥有追随内心与直觉的勇气。你的内心与直觉会神奇地知道你真正想要什么，任何其它东西都是次要的。 在我年轻时，有本绝顶的杂志叫《全球博览》，是我们这代人的“圣经”。那是一位住在离这不远的Menlo Park的Stewart Brand创办的。他用他那富有诗意的风格把这本杂志带进了我们的生活。那是60年代末，个人电脑和桌面排版系统尚未问世，所有内容都是靠打字机、剪刀和拍立得相机来完成。在谷歌出现的35年前，它就是一种印在纸上的谷歌。它排版精美，充满了理想和奇特的观点。 Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: "Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish." It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I've always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. Steward和他的团队出版了几期《全球博览》，然后出了停刊号。那是70年代中期，我正是你们这个年龄。在停刊号的封底，有张清晨乡间小路的照片，就是你去爬山冒险时会经过的那种乡间小路。在照片的上方有行小字：“求知若饥，虚心若愚。”那是他们停刊号的临别赠言。“求知若饥，虚心若愚。”这是我一直以来希望自己这样。现在你们即将毕业，即将展开新生活的风帆，我也以此希望你们。 “求知若饥，虚心若愚。” 《全球博览》 1974年10月