一般现在+现在进行

null动词的时态 Tenses动词的时态 Tenses一般现在时一般现在时一般现在时主要用来描述经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态和其他情况。 Every day I go to work on foot. We are all teachers . She works in a big company . We work in the same company. You have a brother, so have I, and she has one, too. null主要用于下面几情况： 1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。 She doesn't often write to her family, only once a month. 我每天骑自行车上班。 I cycle to work every day . 这儿很少下雨。 It seldom rains here .null2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。 这里的目的是为了"描述现阶段的动作或状态"，其重点"不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态"。 He can speak five foreign languages . 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。 Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. All my family love football . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。 My sister is always ready to help others . null3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。 顾名思义，客观的情况是"没有时间概念"的；也"不会在意动作进行的状态"。例如： Knowledge begins with practice. The sun rises in the east . 地球绕着太阳转。 The earth goes around the sun . Ten minus two is eight. Light travels faster than sound . nullMy teacher told us that Columbus discovered the America in 1492. My teacher told us that Columbus discovers the America. null4) 一些与travel（旅行）有关的动词和其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按 规定 关于下班后关闭电源的规定党章中关于入党时间的规定公务员考核规定下载规定办法文件下载宁波关于闷顶的规定 计划 项目进度计划表范例计划下载计划下载计划下载课程教学计划下载 安排要发生的动作。这样的动词常见的有：arrive , begin , start , come , close , depart , end , go , leave , open , return , stop等。 The train leaves at 10:05 a.m. 从海南飞来的航班下午六点到。 The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m. When does our school begin? null1. Here___. A. comes the bus B. the bus comes C. does the bus come D. coming the bus 2. A hunter is a man who _________ animals. A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catchingnull3.I_____ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since the new year. A .will play B. have played C. played D. play 4.We will see to it that every child in the nation ____ good education ,especially those in the poor countryside. A. get B. will get C. gets D .would get解析：see to it that =make sure that 确保 null 5.In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea ____ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served 6.--Put these glasses away before they ____. --OK. I’ll put them in the cupboard. A. have broken B. are breaking C. get broken D. will be broken null 7.I’ve brought my tennis things along in case we _____ time for a game tomorrow. A. shall have B. have C. will have D. are going to have 8.--Can I drive on the free way, Mr Green? --You can when you _____ a bit more skilled. A. will get B. are getting C. will have got D. get 现在进行时现在进行时主要用来描述"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作，或是"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：null1）"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作。例如： They are having a football match . She is writing her term paper. 有人找你听电话。 Someone is asking for you on the phone. null2）"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如： He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。 你那份新工作干得怎么样？ How are you getting along with your new job？null3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于"一般现在时"所描述的情况。例如： He is always thinking of others , not of himself . One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about. Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .null4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , have , return, stay 等。例如： I'm leaving Shanghai with my friends this month. We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？ Are you staying here till next week? null1. --Is this raincoat yours? --No, mine ________ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung 2. While you _______ I will read you today’s newspaper. A. were resting B. will rest C. have rested D. are restingnull3. --Why are you so angry? --Well, my roommate is always considering himself and makes the room out of order. A consider B considering C has considered D considers一般过去时一般过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。 nullnullnull一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外）。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , …)等等。nullHe got his driving license last month. --Where's Jim? --He just went out.null使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。"过去"的时间概念有两层意思：一是指"现在某个时间"以前的时间；二是指"说话、写文章的那个时间点"以前的时间，在这个意义上，"现在的那个时间点"是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：null固定句型： 1. It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了"　 "早该……了" It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡了。 2. would rather sb. did sth.　表示'宁愿某人做某事'。 例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow. 你还是明天来吧。 （注意区别would rather do sth.)现在完成时 现在完成时 对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。 那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然，现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况： null1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作 By now, I have collected all the data that I need . She has read 150 pages today. 我们已多年没见了。 We haven't met for many years . null2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作 Have you had your dinner? 她已去美国了。 She has been to the United States. You have grown much taller.null3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续 So far we've only discussed the first five chapters. 他们已学了八年的英语了。 They have learned English for eight years .null4）用于现在完成时的句型 ① It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如： It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。 This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing.　 注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late. null② This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如： This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 null5). 延续动词与瞬间动词 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如： I’ve known him since then. He has completed the work for 3 hours. 　 He has completed the work since you left.×√×null如何将瞬间动作变为延续动作? Come --> be here 1. go; open; close; return; leave; finish 2. arrive; finish; fall asleep; give; kill; be up 3. die; marry; receive; join the army; begin; 4. catch a cold; fall ill; put on one’s coat; buy; borrow…null6）比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如： I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born. 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. I have worked here for many years.null注意：用句型转换的 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 ，很容易排除非延续动词在for/since结构的完成时中的误用。 Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. Harry got married six years ago. Harry has been married for six years.null 7）since引导时间的四种用法 （prep. &Conj.) ① since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。 　 I have been here since 1989. ② since +一段时间+ ago。例如： 　 I have been here since five months ago. null③ since +一般过去时态的时间状语从句。 　 Great changes have taken place since you left. 　 Great changes have taken place since we were here. ④ It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如： 　 It is two years since I became a graduate student. It is two years since I was a graduate student.null8. till / until从句 Till 不用于句首。 延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如： He didn't come back until ten o'clock. He slept until ten o'clock.null注意：until 与 unless的区别 Until 引导时间状语从句 Unless 引导条件状语从句 = if not He did not work until I asked him to. He did not work unless I asked him to. 但当主句是将来时态时，一般不用until. (未发生的事情，更应理解为条件。若…才会发生…) The doctor will not perform the operation unless it is really necessary. 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别一般过去时和现在完成时的区别1. 现在完成时强调现在的情况，它不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如 yesterday，in 1997，last year，when等。一般过去时，只单纯表示过去的动作或状态，与现在无关，它多与表示过去的时间状语连用。例如： He has lived here since 1972. He lived here in 1972. null2. 现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，不考虑动作是何时发生的。一般过去时只单纯谈一个过去的动作，不考虑对现在造成的影响。例如： I have read the book. 我已经看过这本书了。（现在已经知道这本书的内容） I read the book last month. 我是上个月看的这本书。（只是讲上月看过这本书） null1. --- Has he seen this film ? ---Yes. He _______ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing 2. You don’t need to describe her, I _______ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet一般将来时一般将来时主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的"将来时间"是指"说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间"。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：null1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是"纯粹的将来动作"。例如： I shall / will not be free tomorrow. He will arrive here this evening .null2) be( am / is / are ) + going +不定式 A）"说话人的意图、打算"； A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . Who is going to speak first? nullB) "某种可能性" It is going to rain soon . Is he going to collect any data for us? 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。 If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. null3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两种情况： A)按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远 The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. nullB) 要求 对教师党员的评价套管和固井爆破片与爆破装置仓库管理基本要求三甲医院都需要复审吗 或命令他人做某事。 You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 你妈妈回来之前你不要出去。 You are to stay home until your mother comes back. null4) be about to + 不定式，意为马上做某事。例如： He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to do 不能和tomorrow, next week等表示明确将来的时间状语连用。null5) 用一般现在时或现在进行时, 主要强调"按计划安排要发生的事"。例如： Do you get off at the next stop? 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。 The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. . Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 过去将来时过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个"将来"时间绝不会延伸到"现在"；而仅限于"过去时间区域内"。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示"过去某个时间点"的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：nullA）宾语从句或间接引语中； When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。 She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. He didn't expect that we would all be there. nullB）表示过去习惯性的动作； During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. (那时)无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。 Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 现在进行时现在进行时主要用来描述"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作，或是"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：null1）"说话、写文章的当刻"正在发生的动作。例如： They are having a football match . She is writing her term paper. 有人找你听电话。 Someone is asking for you on the phone. null2）"现阶段"一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如： He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。 你那份新工作干得怎么样？ How are you getting along with your new job？null3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进行，而是表示经常性，相当于"一般现在时"所描述的情况。例如： He is always thinking of others , not of himself . One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about. Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us .null4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , have , return, stay 等。例如： I'm leaving Shanghai with my friends this month. We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？ Are you staying here till next week? null--Is this raincoat yours? --No, mine ________ there behind the door. A. hangs B. has hung C. is hanging D. hung While you _______ I will read you today’s newspaper. A. were resting B. will rest C. have rested D. are resting过去进行时过去进行时主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示"过去某个时间点"的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中：null1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如： At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。 When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article.null2)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如： When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday . She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。 We left there when it was getting dark. null3). 两个动作同时发生，表延续的动作用进行时态，表短暂的动作用一般过去时态。 While I was reading a book, my father called me. 将来进行时将来进行时主要表示： A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作： You can have a meeting in my office on Friday . I won't be using it. I can't go to the party tonight . I'll be seeing off a friend .nullB）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作： 在这里，将来进行时与一般将来时很接近，但是前者强调动作"按计划、安排要发生；间或也表示委婉、客气"，而后者只表示"动作会在未来时间发生"。 We shall be meeting at the school gate . If you don't do so , you will be facing great difficulties. Will I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 过去完成时 过去完成时 表示在过去某个特定时间以前发生的动作，一直延续到那个特定时间刚刚结束，或还要继续延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。 另外，过去完成时是一个相对的时态。它是与一般过去时相对而言的。也就是说，在一般情况下，我们不会一起句就用过去完成时；而往往是在交代了"过去的某个特定时间"以后，根据需要和可能才选用过去完成时的。这种时态主要适用于下面的情况:null1) 两个动作都发生在过去，如果要强调它们的先后，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；如果不强调它们的先后，则都用一般过去时。 She suddenly remembered that she had left her cellular-phone in the taxi. I congratulated them on the new achievement that they had gained. null2) 有时用过去完成时来追述或补述更早发生的事 I had planed to make a trip to Europe. But now I've changed my mind. It turned out that there had been a lot of thieves in that area .No wonder the police mistook the man in rags for a thief. null3) 过去完成时也用于"间接引语"和"虚拟语气"的句子中 If you had come to me yesterday, I would have told you the news. She said to me that she had seen that film .将来完成时将来完成时主要用来表示，在未来某一时间会业已完成的动作。在含这一时态的句子里，常以短语或句子来交代这个"将来时间"。例如： By this time next year he will have graduated from college. By the end of November I shall have accomplished the composition of this book. 他们晚上十点可能已经到家了。 They will have got home by 10p.m. .现在完成进行时现在完成进行时表示，发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续；这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。当谓语动词是be时，用现在完成时就可以表示现在完成进行时。例如： I've been waiting for you for the whole morning. It has been raining for three days. 自我们上次见面以来，她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。 She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met last time.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时表示，在过去某一特定时间以前发生的动作一直持续到这个特定时间，或是刚刚结束，或是还要延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。例如： At last She received the invitation from London University which she had been expecting. I didn't know what he had been doing all these days. It had been raining hard for a week . null我们在学习动词时态的时候,应该注意这样几个问题: 1) 要琢磨时态的作用及其使用的语言环境。一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。： He speaks English. He spoke English when he was in New Zealand. He is speaking English. He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA. He has been speaking English since he came to the USA.null2）在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般现在时来表示将来时；如果主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。 I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow. I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.null3）关于现在完成时的时间状语问题. A. 凡是"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的具体时间, 所以在使用现在完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示具体过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week ( month , year , etc. ) , two weeks ago , in 1999等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , not…yet , always等等。nullB. 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用现在完成时。另外，ago不能用于现在完成时的句子里，因为它表示从现在算起的以前某个时间，属于表示具体过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。nullC. 如果是不表示连续性的动词用于现在完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的“一段时间”的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用“It has been … since…”的句式来表达。 判断正误: He has joined the army for five years. It has been five years since he joined the army. 时态一致 时态一致 1） 如果从句所叙述的为真理，相对不变的事实或谚语格言，则用现在时。例如： At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. He told me last week that he is eighteen. null 2） 主句时态是现在或将来范畴时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态。 主语的谓语动词是过去时态，从句的事态一般是过去范畴的时态，其中有如下几种情况要注意。 ① 从句的动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用一般过去，或过去进行。 ② 从句动作在主句之后，从句用过去将来。 null③ 从句动作在主句之前，从句用过去完成。 ④ 从句动作紧接主句后发生，尤其在after, when, as soon as, the moment 等引导的从句中，一般用一般过去时。 Tom said that he was busy yesterday.null3）since引导的从句在主句之后是时间状语从句，用一般过去时，主句则是现在完成时 Since引导的从句在主句之前，一般是让步状语从句，主句是将来时态或有情态动词，从句应是现在时态。