2016年英语六级阅读专项试题及答案

2016年英语六级阅读专项试题及答案　　PassageOne　　Inrecentyears,teachersofintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudieshavebeenfacingadilemmanonexistentafewdecadesago,whenhardlyanytextsinthatfieldwereavailable.Today,excellentanthologies(文选)andotherintroductorytextsexist,andbooksonindividualAsianAmericansarepublishedalmostweekly.Evenprofessorswhoareexpertsinthefieldfinditdifficulttodecidewhichofthesetoassigntostudents;non-expertswhoteachinrelatedareasandarelookingforwritingsforandbyAsianAmericantoincludeinsurveycoursesareinanevenworseposition.　　Acomplicatingfactorhasbeenthecontinuinglackofspecializedone-volumereferenceworksonAsianAmericans,suchasbiographicaldictionariesordesktopencyclopedias.SuchworkswouldenablestudentstakingAsianAmericanstudiescourses(andprofessorsinrelatedfields)tolookupbasicinformationonAsianAmericanindividuals,institutions,history,andculturewithouthavingtowadethrough(费力的阅读冗长或艰深的 材料 关于××同志的政审材料调查表环保先进个人材料国家普通话测试材料农民专业合作社注销四查四问剖析材料 )mountainsofprimarysourcematerial.Inaddition,givensuchworks.AsianAmericanstudiesprofessorsmightfeelmorefreetoincludemorechallengingAsianAmericanmaterialintheirintroductoryreadinglists,sincegoodreferenceworksallowstudentstoacquireontheirownthebackgroundinformationnecessarytointerpretdifficultorunfamiliarmaterial.　　1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.　　A.respondingtoacriticismB.describingacourseofstudy　　C.discussingaproblem　　D.evaluatingapastcourseofaction　　2.The“dilemma”(Line2,Para.1)canbestbecharacterizedasbeingcausedbythenecessitytomakeachoicewhenfacedwitha______.　　A.lackofacceptablealternatives　　B.lackofstrictstandardsforevaluatingalternatives　　C.preponderanceofbadalternativesascomparedtogood　　D.multitudeofdifferentalternatives　　3.Biographicaldictionariesanddesktopencyclopediasare_____　　A.primarysourcematerials　　B.introductorytexts　　C.excellentanthologies　　D.referencematerials　　4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedabouttheintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudiesafewdecadesago?　　A.Therangeofdifferenttextbooksthatcouldbeassignedforsuchcourseswasextremelylimited　　B.Thetextsassignedasreadingsinsuchcourseswereoftennotverychallengingforstudents　　C.Studentsoftencomplainedaboutthetextsassignedtotheminsuchcourses　　D.Suchcourseswereofferedonlyatschoolswhoselibrarieswererichinprimarysources　　5.Accordingtothepassage,theexistenceofgoodone-volumereferenceworksaboutAsianAmericanscouldresultin______.　　A.increasedagreementamongprofessorsofAsianAmericanstudiesregardingthequalityofthesourcesavailableintheirfield　　B.anincreaseinthenumberofstudentssighingupforintroductorycoursesinAsianAmericanstudies　　C.increasedaccuracyinwritingsthatconcernAsianAmericanhistoryandculture　　D.theinclusionofawiderrangeofAsianAmericanmaterialinintroductoryreadinglistsinAsianAmericanstudies　　[答案]：CDDAD　　PassageTwo　　Acontroversyeruptedinthescientificcommunityinearly1998overtheuseofDNA(deoxyribonucleicacid)fingerprintingincriminalinvestigations.DNAfingerprintingwasintroducedin1987asamethodtoidentifyindividualsbasedonapatternseenintheirDNA,themoleculeofwhichgenesaremade.DNAispresentineverycellofthebodyexceptredbloodcells.DNAfingerprintinghasbeenusedsuccessfullyinvariousways,suchastodeterminepaternitywhereitisnotclearwhothefatherofaparticularchildis.However,itisintheareaofcriminalinvestigationsthatDNAfingerprintinghaspotentiallypowerfulandcontroversialuses.　　DNAfingerprintingandotherDNAanalysistechniqueshaverevolutionizedcriminalinvestigationsbygivinginvestigatorspowerfulnewtoolsintheattempttotroveguilt,notjustestablishinnocence.Whenusedincriminalinvestigations,aDNAfingerprintpatternfromasuspectiscomparedwithaDNAfingerprintpatternobtainedfromsuchmaterialashairsorbloodfoundatthesceneofacrime.AmatchbetweenthetwoDNAsamplescanbeusedasevidencetoconvictasuspect.　　Thecontroversyin1998stemmedformareportpublishedinDecember1991bypopulationgeneticistsRichardC.LewontinofHarvardUniversityinCambridge,Mass.,andDanielL.HartlcalledintoquestionthemethodstocalculatehowlikelyitisthatamatchbetweentwoDNAfingerprintsmightoccurbychancealone.Inparticular,theyarguedthatthecurrentmethodcannotproperlydeterminethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsampleswillmatchbecausetheycamefromthesameindividualratherthansimplyfromtwodifferentindividualswhoaremembersofthesameethnicgroup.LewontinandHartlcalledforbettersurveysofDNApatternsmethodsareadequate.　　Inresponsetotheircriticisms,populationgeneticistsRanajitChakrabortyoftheUniversityofTexasinDallasandKennethK.KiddofYaleUniversityinNewHaven,Conn.,arguedthatenoughdataarealreadyavailabletoshowthatthemethodscurrentlybeingusedareadequate.InJanuary1998,however,thefederalBureauofInvestigationandlaboratoriesthatconductDNAtestsannouncedthattheywouldcollectadditionalDNAsamplesformvariousethnicgroupsinanattempttoresolvesomeofthesequestions.And,inApril,aNationalAcademyofSciencescalledforstrictstandardsandsystemofaccreditationforDNAtestinglaboratories.　　1.BeforeDNAfingerprintingisused,suspects____.　　A.wouldhavetoleavetheirfingerprintsforfurtherinvestigations　　B.wouldhavetosubmitevidencefortheirinnocence　　C.couldeasilyescapeconvictionofguilt　　D.coldbeconvictedofguiltaswell　　2.DNAfingerprintingcanbeunreliablewhen____.　　A.themethodsusedforblood-cellcalculationarenotaccurate　　B.twodifferentindividualsofthesameethnicgroupmayhavethesameDNAfingerprintingpattern　　C.amatchisbychanceleftwithfingerprintsthathappentobelongtotwodifferentindividuals　　D.twodifferentindividualsleavetwoDNAsamples.　　3.TogeneticistslikeLewontinandHartl,thecurrentmethod____.　　A.isnotsoconvincingastoexcludethelikelihoodthattwoDNAsamplescannevercomefromtwoindividuals　　B.isarguablebecausetwoindividualsofthesameethnicgrouparelikelytohavethesameDNApattern.　　C.Isnotbasedonadequatescientifictheoryofgenetics　　D.Istheoreticallycontradictorytowhattheyhavebeenstudying　　4.TheattitudeoftheFederalBereauofInvestigationshowsthat____.　　A.enoughdataareyettobecollectedformvariousethnicgroupstoconfirmtheunlikelihoodoftwoDNAsamplescomingfromtwoindividualmembers　　B.enoughdataofDNAsamplesshouldbecollectedtoconfirmthatonlyDNAsamplesformthesamepersoncanmatch　　C.enoughdataareyettobecollectedfromvariousethnicgroupstodeterminethelikelihoodoftwodifferentDNAsamplescomingformthesameperson　　D.additionalsamplesfromvariousethnicgroupsshouldbecollectedtodeterminethattwoDNAsamplesareunlikelytocomefromthesameperson　　5.NationalAcademyofSciencesholdsthestancethat____.　　A.DNAtestingshouldbesystematized　　B.OnlyauthorizedlaboratoriescanconductDNAtesting　　C.Theacademyonlyisauthorizedtoworkoutstandardsfortesting　　D.TheacademyhastherighttoaccreditlaboratoriesforDNAtesting　　答案：CBABB　　PassageThree　　Racket,dinclamor,noise,whateveryouwanttocallit,unwantedsoundisAmerica’smostwidespreadnuisance.Butnoiseismorethanjustanuisance.Itconstitutesarealandpresentdangertopeople’shealth.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillresponds—sometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.　　Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.　　Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.　　Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.　　Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbetweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.　　1.InParagraph1,thephrase“immuneto”areusedtomean___.　　A.unaffectedby　　B.hurtby　　C.unlikelytobeseenby　　D.unknownby　　2.Theauthor’sattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas___.　　A.unrealistic　　B.traditional　　C.concerned　　D.hysterical　　3.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?　　A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.　　B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.　　C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.　　D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.　　4.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit___.　　A.isagainstthelaw　　B.canmakesomepeopleirritable　　C.isanuisance　　D.inagangertopeople’shealth　　5.Theauthorwouldprobablyconsiderresearchabouttheeffectsnoisehasonpeopletobe___.　　A.unimportant　　B.impossible.　　C.awasteofmoney　　D.essential　　答案：ACCDD