动词ing形式的归纳

动词ing形式的归纳动词的-ving形式具有名词(动名词)的功能,可以在句字中作主语,宾语和表语.它具有形容词(分词)的功能,可在句子中作定语,表语,和宾语补足语.I.动名词动词的ing形式具有名词的功能,可以在句子中作主语,宾语和表语.1.做主语ReadingisimportantinlearningEnglish.Lookingafterthepatientisanurse’sjob.注意:在某些特殊结构中,特别是Itisnouse\useless\nogood\shame\dangerous\awasteoftime/worth/worthwhiledoingsth.It是形式主语,真正的主语即动名词放在句末2做宾语.ving跟在某些特定的动词后面作宾语.避免错过少延期建议完成多练习喜欢想象禁不住承认否定与嫉妒逃避冒险莫原谅允许感激和考虑明白鼓励要禁止Avoid,miss,putoffAdvise,finish,practiceEnjoy,imagine,can’thelpAdmit,deny,envy,Escape,risk,excuseAllow/permitappreciateconsiderUnderstand,encourage,forbid3做表语Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.Mygreatesthappinessisservingthepeople.注意；动名词作主语,可以和表语换用.反之也一样.4.动名词的复合结构动名词的前面可以带上自己的逻辑主语构成动名词的复合结构.物主代词,如his,my；人称代词如him,me名词所有格，如Tom’s;名词普通格如TomDoyoumindmy/mesmokinghere?Iinsistedonmyhusband/husband’spayingthebill.Thesoundofdesksbeingopenedandclosedcouldbeheardoutinthestreet.Hesuggestedsomebodytakingoverthejob.　注意：动名词的复合结构作句子主语时，则通常使用名词的所有格或物主代词．Mary’scominglatemadeherteacherangry.Hisnotbeingabletocomeisdisappointing.II.现在分词动词的ing具有形容词的功能,可在句中做定语,表语,和宾语补足语1定语Doesheworkinthereadingroom?Ourteacherusesaverygoodteachingmethod.Doyouknowthemanstandingbythedoor?Thisvillageismadeupof500familiesbelongingtofivenations.2.表语:表主语所具有的特征.Thefoodsmellsinviting.Thestoryisverytouching.常这样用的分词有:amusing,charming,encouraging,confusing,disappointing,discouraging,exciting,puzzling,astonishing,refreshing,shocking,striking,surprising,etc.3.宾语补足语感官动词:see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice,observe,lookat,listento和使役动词:set,keep,have,get,leave,make,find,send等都可以用分词作宾语补足语．wesawhimclimbingatree.Thepolicecaughttheboystealing.拓展:在被动句中,即成为主语补足语:Theboywascaughtstealing.Thechildrenwerelastseenplayingattheriverbank.4.动词的ing形式具有副词的功能,可在句中做状语1.)做时间状语Hearingthenoise,Iturnedround.=whenIheardthenoise,Lookingoutofthewindow,Isawsomestudentsplayingthere.=whenIlookedoutofthewindow,注意:分词短语前面可以用while,when等连词,2.)作方式状语或伴随状语Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.Allnightlonghelayawake,thinkingaboutproblems.Hesatinanarmchair,readingthenewspaper.3).做结果状语Herhusbanddiedtenyearsago,leavingherwiththreechildrentolookafter.Theheavysnowlastedaweak,causingalotofaccidents.4).原因状语Beingsick,Istayedathome.=As\BecauseIwassick,Notknowingheraddress,Icannotwritetoher.=AsIdon’tknowheraddress,5).条件状语Turningtotherightatthecrossing,youwillseethepostofficerightbeforeyou.=Ifyouturnrightatthecrossing,you’ll…=Turntotherightatthecrossingandyouwillseethepostoffice.6).做补充说明Theplaneleavesatsix,arrivinginChicagoatten.=…..,andwillarriveinChicagoatten.Thechildrenwerewalkingtothepark,talkingandlaughingalltheway.=…,andweretalkingandlaughingalltheway.III.独立主格结构独立主格结构本身就是一种复合结构,由名词或代词加分词等构成,表时间,原因,条件,方式,伴随和补充说明等.常见结构如下：1.名词+-ving分词Theyallwenttotheplayground,healoneremaininginthedormitory.2.名词+-ved分词Thequestionsettled,theywentbackbyplane.3.名词+动词不定式Somuchhomeworktodo,wehavenotimetoplay.4.名词+形容词Helookedatmeupanddown,hiseyeswideopen.5.名词+介词短语/副词Hundredsofpeoplewentoutofthecinema,someinpairs,othersalone.6.名词+名词Hissonnowacollegestudent,heisnolongerworriedabouthisjob.7.Therebe句型的独立结构Therebeingnobus,wehadtowalkhome.IV.做独立成分动词ing形式在句中没有逻辑主语,可以独立存在,这些短语已经成为习惯用语,用来修饰整个句子Generallyspeaking(一般说来)StrictlyspeakingRoughlyspeakingFranklyspeakingJudgingfromTakingallintoconsiderationConsideringeverythingEg:Judgingfromherface,shemustbeill.Consideringeverything,itisworthtrying.IV.动词ing形式的各种变化形式时态语态主动被动一般式完成式doinghavingdonebeingdonehavingbeendone１动词的-ving形式的一般式表示动作和谓语动词同时（或几乎同时）发生．Hearingthenews,sheburstoutcrying.Notknowingwhattodo，hewenttotheteacherforhelp.2.动词的ing形式的完成式表示动作先于谓语动词发生Havinglivedtherefordozensofyears,heknowsthecitywell.　Nothavingreceivedtheirletter,hedecidedtowriteanotherone.．3.动词ing形式的被动式表示动作对于逻辑主语而言在意义上是被动的.Iwouldliketohavealookattheanimalbeingoperatedon.Havingbeeninvitedbythestudents,hegavethematalkonhistory.注意:动名词的被动语态是跟在动词和介词后面的.eg.HerememberedbeingtakentoBeijingattheageoften.Theyattendedthemeetingwithoutbeinginvited.Wewereallexcitedforhavingbeenpraised.