主语从句宾语从句知识讲解

高考总复习：主语从句及宾语从句真题再现1.(2016高考北京卷)Yoursupportisimportanttoourwork．________youcandohelps.A．HoweverB．Whoever．WhateverD．Wherever2.(2016高考江苏卷)Itisoftenthecase______anythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope．A．whyB．whatC．asD．that3.(2017高考北京卷)Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree-linedstreet,notknowing______shewasheading.A.whyB.whereC.howD.when4.(2017高考北京卷)Everyyear,______makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.A.whateverB.whoeverC.whomeverD.whichever5.（2017高考江苏卷）Wechoosethishotelbecausethepriceforanighthereisdownto$20,halfof_________itusedtocharge.A.thatB.whichC.whatD.how6.（2017高考江苏卷）Hehurriedhome,neveroncelookingbacktoseeifhe__________.A.wasbeingfollowedB.wasfollowingC.hadbeenfollowedD.followed7.（2017高考天津卷）Sheaskedme_______Ihadreturnedthebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn’t.A.whenB.whereC.whetherD.what8.（2017北京西城一模）Itisentirelytrue_______childrenlearnmorefrompeopletheylike.So,trytobefriendswiththem.A.whatB.whyC.thatD.how9.（2017北京西城一模）Theresultsoftheexperimentturnedoutcontraryto______wasexpected.A.whatB.whichC.whomD.that答案与解析1.C；题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“________youcando”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。2.D；考查主语从句。句意：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。该句是主语从句，句子的it是形式主语，故用that引导从句作真正的主语从句。3.B。考查宾语从句。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据句意可知选B。4.B。考查主语从句。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。_____makesthemostbeautifulkite是主语从句，根据意思可知答案。5.C。考查宾语从句。“halfof_________itusedtocharge”是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。6.A考查宾语从句和时态。 分析 定性数据统计分析pdf销售业绩分析模板建筑结构震害分析销售进度分析表京东商城竞争战略分析 句子成分可知，he和follow是被动关系，即他被别人跟踪，排除B、D；根据句意“在匆忙赶回家的路上，他从未回头看是否正被跟踪”，故用过去进行时最合适，故选A。7.C。句意：他问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A.什么时候；B.在哪里；C.是否；D.什么。根据句意，故选C。8.C。考查主语从句。it作形式主语，真正的主语从句为______childrenlearnmorefrompeopletheylike。从句部分陈述一个事实，用that引导。9.A.本题考查宾语从句。介词to带宾语从句。在从句中缺主语，选用连接代词what。知识讲解主语从句和宾语从句的引导词that和what的区别从句中缺少主语时，常用what引导，也可用which表示选择，用who/whom/whoever指人。what引导主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句时，表示“所……的(东西)”，并且在从句中充当句子成分。而that作为从属连词，引导主语从句、宾语从句时，其本身没有实际意义，不充当句子成分。that引导主语从句时不省略，引导宾语从句时一般可以省略，但有些情况不可省略。Thatfashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.Itisprettywellunderstoodwhatcontrolstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrowisoftenacceptable.（2016高考新课标乙卷）Somepeoplemaythinkthatagardenisnomorethanplants,flowers,patternsandmassesofcolor.（2016高考新课标乙卷）“Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”（2016高考新课标丙卷）Researchersanalyzingword-of-mouthcommunication—e-mails，Webpostsandreviews，face-to-faceconversations—foundthatittendedtobemorepositivethannegative(消极的)，butthatdidn’tnecessarilymeanpeoplepreferredpositivenews.（2016高考新课标丙卷）HefoundthatscienceamazedTimes’readersandmadethemwanttosharethispositivefeelingwithothers.（2016高考新课标丙卷）“WhatI’mhopingtoaccomplishisthatmygenerationandyoungerstarttoreconsiderandunderstandthatjazzisnotblackandwriteanymore.（2017高考新课标甲卷）Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazztodayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusichasbeenlost.（2017高考新课标I卷）HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.（2017高考新课标II卷）if和whether的区别主语从句(放在句首时)常由whether引导。作及物动词宾语时，用if/whether均可，但有区别；作介词宾语时只用whether；后面紧跟ornot时，只用whether。Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.Whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.=Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.但我们不能说Ifweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.Hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot．Chimpsaretrulyselfish．（2016高考江苏卷）Dreamingaboutwhetheryouwouldwanttoreadminds，seethroughwalls，orhavesuperhumanstrengthmaysoundsilly，butitactuallygetstotheheartofwhatreallymattersinyourlife．（2016高考四川卷）Inowquicklylooktoseewhethersomebodyelsehasalreadythoughtofit，orsomethingsimilar.（2016高考江苏卷）ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhetherpeoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoakitemarkastheythink.（2016高考上海卷）Idon’tcarewhether/ifhecomes.Itdependsonwhetheryoucandothejobwell.其他连接代词和连接副词的选用连接代词（what,which,who,whom,whose）在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语；连接副词（when,where,why,how,whether,if等）在从句中作状语。无论是连接代词还是连接副词，都有各自的意义。Itmatterslittlehowamandies,butwhatmattersmuchishowhelives.Itwasamatterofwhowouldtaketheposition.Noonecanbesurewhatmanwilllooklikeinamillionyears.Ihavenotbeentoldwherethemeetingwillbeheld.Heexplainedwhyhesetoffsoearlythatday.Whosegirlfriendisthemostbeautifulisnotthemostimportantthing.whoever与whatever，whichever的区别whoever,whatever,whichever除了可以引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwho/what/which外，还可以引导名词从句。whoever相当于anyonewho，表明泛指关系，表示“任何……的人都，凡是……的人都”。Ihatewhoeverlies.Whoeverwinsgetsaprize.whatever相当于anythingthat，表示“无论什么……”。Whateverhethinksdoesn'tmatter.Whateveryouwantcanbefoundhere.whichever意为“无论哪个，无论哪些”。既可指人，也可指物；既可单独使用，也可修饰名词，也可以跟of短语连用。Youcanchoosewhicheveryouwant.Whicheverofusgetshomefirststartscooking.it作形式主语和形式宾语从句在某个句子中作主语、宾语时，为保持句子结构前后平衡，避免头重脚轻，因此常用it作形式主语、宾语，而将真正的主语、宾语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无词义。Itwasreallysurprisingthatshemarriedamanlikethat.Itwasreportedthatmorethan170thousandpeoplediedinthe2004tsunami.Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.Ihateitwhenmymotherasksmetoeateggs.主语从句、宾语从句的句序主语从句、宾语从句等名词性从句用陈述语序。主语从句特别注意It构成的主语从句主语从句可以放在句子后面，而用it作形式主语放在句首，尤其是从属连词that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中。这种句式主要有：Itis+adj./n.+从句Itisapity/shamethat...遗憾的是……Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……Itispossiblethatheneverintendedtoshoother.Itisunlikelythatshewillcome.Itisashamethattherainspoiledourpicnic.It+不及物动词+从句Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……Itappearsthatyouareallmistaken.Ithappenedthattheharvestwasbadthatyear.It+be+过去分词+从句Itissaidthat...据说……Itisknowntoallthat...众所周知……Itisreportedthat...据报道……Itisbelievedthat...据信……，人们相信……Itissuggestedthat...有人建议……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必须指出……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已证明…….ItisreportedthatheisascholarfromNewZealand.Ithasbeenprovedthatthepracticecanonlydogood.Itmustbepointedoutthatsomequestionshaveyettobeclarified.主语从句中的主谓一致关系主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.（hasnot）强调句型与带有it的主语从句的区别强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似，都含有Itis/was...that...，但是它们有一个很重要的区别，强调句去掉Itis/was...that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句却不能这样。Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.本句去掉“Itis...that”后，留下believed，以及that...从句，句子结构不完整，因此不是强调句型。ItissurprisingthatMaryshouldhavewonfirstplace.句中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。句中的Itis和that无法删除,一旦删除句子就不成立。ItisMarythathaswonfirstplace.本句是强调句型，其中的Itis和that可以去掉，因为没有Itis和that句子仍然很通顺.宾语从句特别注意【高清课堂链接点：宾语从句高清ID：396512】如果宾语从句后有宾语补足语，要用形式宾语it，而将从句放到补足语后面。Ithoughtitstrangethathedidn’tpasstheexam.I’vehearditsaidthatyou’vewonascholarship.Ifeltitimportantthatyoutellmethetruth.作介词的宾语Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?Whoisresponsibleforwhathashappened?Iwasnotmovedbywhathesaid.that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后用到。Yourarticleisgoodexceptthatitistoolong.有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语it.I’llseetoitthateverythingisready.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.作形容词的宾语I’mafraidthatIhavemadeamistake.I’mnotsureif/whetherI’mright.ShebegantocriticizewhatIhaddone.其他几组宾语从句Hecouldn’texpresswhathefelt.Iwilldowhateveryouwish.Takewhicheverseatyoulike.Giveittowhomeveryoulike.Giveittowhoeverisresponsible.宾语从句的时态限制宾语从句应同主句在谓语时态上保持一致。主句谓语是现在时，宾语从句的谓语可以是任意时态；主句谓语是过去时，宾语从句的谓语必须是过去的某种时态，（宾语是客观真理时则无此限制）。Shesays(that)sheworksfromMondaytoFriday.（从句是一般现在时）Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.（从句是一般将来时）Shesays(that)shehasneverbeentoMountEmei.（从句是现在完成时）Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.（从句是一般过去时）Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthebaby.（从句是过去将来时）Hesaid(that)theywerehavingameetingatthattime.（从句是过去进行时）Theteachertoldus(that)nothingisdifficultifweputourheartsintoit.（从句为客观真理）引导宾语从句的that何时不能省略that引导宾语从句时，一般可以省略，但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的常常不可省略。1.介词except,but,besides,in等后跟that引导的宾语从句时。TheSwedestoodquitestill,exceptthathislipsmovedslightly.2.That引导的宾语从句和主句之间有插入语时。Ithink,firstofall,thatwemustbelieveinourselves.3.宾语从句为主从复合句且从句位于主句之前时。Hesaidthatifhecamebackearly,hecouldcomeforthemeeting.4.当it作形式宾语，后接that引导的宾语从句时。Wetookitforgrantedthattheywouldaccepttheproposal.5.当that引导的宾语从句后紧接着作主语的that(this)时，常不可省略。Hesaidthatthiswasnothisbook,buthissister’s.6.宾语从句不止一个时，第一个that可以省略，而其它的that常不可省略。Ithink(that)itwillclearupthisafternoonandthattheywillcometosaygood-byetous.7.当when,who,what,where,why,how等引导的从句与that引导的从句作主句谓语动词的并列宾语时。Iknowwhatthetimeisandthatthewindremainslow.宾语从句否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。Idon’tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell.