口腔面颈部解剖

口腔面颈部解剖 第十二章、面颈部局部解剖 面颈部概念:上:发际，下:下颌骨下缘，后:下颌支后缘 面部分区: 眶区(orbital region)四周以眶缘为界。鼻区(nasal region)上界鼻根点，下界鼻底，两侧为内眦与鼻翼点连线。唇区(lip region)上界鼻底，下界颏唇沟，两侧唇面沟。颏区，腮腺咬肌区，眶下区，颧区，颊区，颞区与颞面区，面侧深区，额面区 面部 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 面标志: 睑裂:3.5*1.0,1.2，内眦和外眦，鼻:鼻根、鼻尖、鼻背，鼻底:鼻孔、鼻小柱，鼻唇沟:鼻面沟+唇面沟，口裂，口角。 唇( lips): 境界:鼻底，颏唇沟，唇面沟。 面部测量点: 眉间点鼻根点鼻尖点鼻下点鼻翼点颏上点颏前点颏下点眶下孔颏孔腮腺管 美容角: 鼻额角125?,135 ?， 鼻面角36 ? , 40 ?，鼻唇角90 ?,100 ?， 鼻颏角120 ?,132 ?，颏颈角85 ? 面部皮肤皱纹线: 动力性皱纹线:额纹眉间纹鼻根纹眼睑纹鱼尾纹鼻唇沟纹颊纹唇纹颏纹 重力性皱纹线:上眼睑，下眼睑:眼袋 langer皮肤裂线: 皮肤裂线与真皮胶原纤维排列一致。 与皱纹线的区别:肉眼不可见终生不变，静止，与老化无关，与肌肉无关 面部皮肤的特点: 血供丰富，含大量胶原纤维和弹力纤维，皮脂腺、汗腺、for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 毛囊，表情肌止点 一、腮腺咬肌区(parotidomasseteric region) 境界:上:颧弓和外耳道;下:下颌骨下缘;前:咬肌前缘;后:胸乳肌、乳突、二腹肌后腹前缘;内:咽旁间隙;外:皮肤皮下组织:颈阔肌，耳前淋巴结，耳大神经，面神经，腮腺管 腮腺咬肌筋膜 :外密内松，小叶独立，与外耳道相通 腮腺: 上面:外耳道和TMJ;外面:浅筋膜;前内面:咬肌、下颌支、翼内肌;后内面:乳突、胸乳肌、二腹肌、茎突、?,?脑神经、颈内动静脉 神经血管与腮腺的关系: 腮腺浅叶上缘:颞浅静脉、耳颞神经、颞浅动脉、颞支、颧支 腮腺浅叶前缘:面横动脉、颧支、上颊支、腮腺管、下颊支、下颌缘支 腮腺浅叶下缘:下颌缘支、颈支、下颌后静脉 腮腺深叶深面: 茎突诸肌:茎突舌骨肌、茎突咽肌、茎突舌肌，颈内静脉，颈内动脉，?,?脑神经 腮腺管:由腮腺浅叶前缘发出，在颧弓下1。5cm穿出腮腺鞘，导管在腮腺咬肌筋膜前面前行，与颧弓平行，上方有面神经上颊支面横动脉，下方面神经下颊支伴行，故腮腺导管常用来寻找面神经颊支。横过咬肌外侧在咬肌前缘，几乎直角转内，穿颊肌，45角向前，开口于上颌第二磨牙相对颊粘膜，腮腺管乳头。 面神经: 第一段:茎乳孔,腮腺;第二段:腮腺内;第三段:出for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 腮腺 血管: 静脉:颞浅+上颌V,下颌后v;下颌后v前支+面静脉,面总;下颌后v后支+耳后静脉,颈外。动脉:颈外,上颌+颞浅 血管神经走向:纵行组:颞浅动静脉、耳颞神经、下颌后v、颈外动脉;横行组:面神经、上颌动静脉、面横动脉。 腮腺床骨性标志:环椎横突、茎突 腮腺咬肌区特点: 解剖特点:腮腺浅面无重要结构，神经血管穿行于腮腺内，并从腮腺边缘呈辐射状露出，腮腺深叶深面有重要血管神经;临床特点:避免腮腺损伤，避免神经血管损伤。 显露面神经主干的解剖标志: 乳突前缘，鼓乳裂，外耳道软骨，茎突，二腹肌后腹 显露面神经分支的解剖标志: 颞支:耳屏基部前1,1.5cm;颧支:耳屏耳垂线45?交角;颊支:腮腺管上下1cm;下颌缘支:面动脉、下颌角、下颌后静脉;颈支:浅叶下端 二、面侧深区 境界 前:上颌骨后面 后:腮腺深叶 外:下颌支 内:翼外板 内容:翼丛，上颌动脉，下颌神经 翼丛: 颞肌与翼外肌之间，翼内肌与翼外肌之间，通海绵窦 上颌动脉分支: 脑膜中动脉，下牙槽动脉，上牙槽后动脉，眶下动脉，腭降动脉，蝶腭动脉 下颌神经分支: 颞深前后神经和咬肌神经，颊神经，舌神经，下牙槽神经，耳颞神经 翼外肌毗邻: 浅面:翼丛、上颌动脉;深面:下颌神经;上缘:颞深前后神for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 经、咬肌神经;下缘:舌神经、下牙槽神经;上下两头之间:上颌动脉、颊神经 蜂窝组织间隙: (1) 眶下间隙(infraorbital space): 界限:上:眶下缘;下:牙槽突;内:鼻侧缘;外:颧大肌;浅:表情肌;深:上颌骨前壁。内容:眶下神经血管淋巴结 (2) 颊间隙(buccal space): 界限:前:咬肌前缘;后:下颌支前缘和咬肌前缘;上:颧骨下缘;下:下颌骨下缘;浅:皮肤;深:颊肌。内容:颊神经颊动脉面深静脉 (3) 咬肌间隙(masseteric space): 浅面:咬肌;深:下颌支;上:颧弓下缘;下:下颌骨下缘 (4) 翼下颌间隙(pterygomandibular space) 边界:浅:下颌支;深:翼内 肌;前:颞肌和颊肌;后:腮腺;上:翼外肌;下:翼内肌附着处。内容:舌神经下牙槽神经血管。通连:上:颞、颞下间隙:前:颊间隙;下:舌下、下颌下间隙;后:咽旁间隙外:咬肌间隙;颅内:颅底血管神经。 (5) 颞下间隙 (infratemporal space) 边界:外:下颌支上份及颧弓;内: 蝶骨翼突外侧板;上:颞下面、嵴;下:翼外肌;前:上颌骨后面;后:腮腺深叶。特点:位于中央，通连广泛，内容丰富:翼丛、上颌动脉、上下颌神经 (6) 颞间隙(temporal space): 分两部分:颞浅间隙:颞深筋膜与颞肌之 间;颞深间隙:颞肌与for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 颞窝之间。特点:颞深筋膜致密，颞肌坚厚，颞窝骨质薄。 (7) 翼腭间隙(pterygopalatine space) 位臵:眶尖下方，颞下窝内侧;前: 上颌骨体;后:蝶骨翼突;上:蝶骨大翼;内:腭骨垂直板。内容:上颌神经，翼腭神经节，上颌动脉第三段及分支。通连:前:经眶下裂通眼眶;内:经蝶腭孔通鼻腔;外:经翼上颌裂通颞下间隙;下:经翼腭管通口腔;后上:经圆孔通颅腔。 (8) 舌下间隙(sublingual space) 边界:上:口底黏膜;下:下颌舌骨肌及 舌骨舌肌;前外:下颌骨体内侧面;后:舌根。内容:舌下腺，下颌下腺深部及导管，舌神经，舌下神经，舌下动静脉。通连:后:下颌下间隙;后上:翼颌间隙;喉内:咽旁间隙。 (9) 舌深部间隙: 颏舌肌肌间间隙，颏舌肌,舌骨舌肌间间隙 三、颈部局部解剖 1、颈部 境界:上:下颌骨下缘、乳突尖、上项线、枕外隆突;下:胸骨颈静脉切迹、胸锁关节、锁骨上缘、肩峰、第7颈椎棘突 2、颈部体表投影: 颈总动脉:下颌角与乳突尖连线中点至右侧胸锁关节，或左胸乳肌两脚间 锁骨下动脉:胸锁关节至锁骨中点 副神经:下颌角与乳突尖连线中点至斜方肌前缘中下1/3交界处 胸膜顶:胸锁关节至锁骨内中1/3交点 颈外静脉:下颌角至锁骨中点 3、 颈筋膜间隙及通连: (1) 颈for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 浅筋膜:内容:颈阔肌。深面结构:颈丛皮神经，颈外静脉，颈浅淋巴结 (2) 颈深筋膜浅层(封套层): 上界:下颌骨下缘、颧弓、乳突基底、上项 线、枕外隆突;下界:胸骨柄前缘、锁骨、肩峰、第7颈椎棘突。包裹内容:斜方肌、腮腺、下颌下腺、胸锁乳突肌。 (3) 颈深筋膜中层:梯形 (4) 颈脏器层:喉、气管、甲状腺、咽、食管。脏层:包绕上述脏器;壁 层:包绕脏器外层，形成颈鞘。(5) 椎前筋膜 4、 颈部筋膜间隙: (1) 下颌下间隙(submandibular space):上界至下颌舌骨线，高于下颌下 三角。内容:下颌下腺，下颌下淋巴结，面静脉，面动脉。 (2) 颏下间隙(submental space): 境界:顶:颈浅筋膜;底:下颌舌骨 肌。内容:颏下淋巴结。 内脏周围间隙 (3) 咽旁间隙(parapharyngeal space):咽旁前间隙;咽旁后间隙:颈内动 静脉、?,?脑神经、颈深上淋巴结。通连:翼下颌间隙，颞下间隙，舌下间隙，下颌下间隙，腮腺间隙，咽后间隙 (4) 内脏旁间隙:咽旁间隙向下的延续( 5) 气管前间隙:脏壁两层之间 (6) 咽后间隙:咽后壁与椎前筋膜之间 (7) 食管后间隙:咽后间隙向下的延续 (8) 椎前间隙:椎前筋膜与椎骨骨膜之间 5、 下颌下三角(submandibular triangle): 境界上:下颌骨下缘;前:for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet 二腹 肌前腹;后:二腹肌后腹;底:下颌舌骨肌、舌骨舌肌、咽上缩肌。层次:皮肤，颈浅筋膜，颈深筋膜浅层。 内容:下颌下腺，下颌下淋巴结，面静脉，面动脉，舌神经。 6、气管颈段(cervical segment of trachea): 位臵:上:环状软骨;下:胸骨颈筋膜切迹，位于肌三角内。层次:皮肤，颈浅筋膜，颈深筋膜浅层，颈深筋膜脏器层，胸骨舌骨肌，胸骨甲状肌。 7、 气管切开: 头正中后仰位，3,5气管软骨环切开，勿切环状软骨，不应 低于第5气管环。 8、 颈动脉三角(carotid triangle): 境界:二腹肌后腹，肩胛舌骨肌上腹， 胸锁乳突肌围成。层次:皮肤，颈浅筋膜，颈深筋膜浅层。内容:颈总动脉，颈内动脉，颈内静脉，面总静脉，舌下神经，喉上神经，二腹肌后腹。 for computer software engineering GB/T50314-2000 of electrical installations code for construction and acceptance of GBJ232- 92 intelligent building weak design construction figure set GJBT-471 2. system description this times engineering weak design including: hours a Kok information facilities system integrated wiring system (containing room network, communications part) wired TV system information guide and the released system hours II Kok public security system fire automatically alarm system (containing public broadcast part) security technology prevention system security monitoring system out entrance control system car library management system hours three Kok building equipment monitoring system hours four Kok information application system queued station ICU visitation system operation the system monitoring and training system call intercom system hours, five hours Kok Kok intelligent integrated system of information system (1) cabling systems (including computer room network, communication component) computer network systems and voice communications systems Center of information on medical floor computer room located in the engine room. Voice communication system using a local telecommunications operator providing voice service, configuration-independent integrated services digital program-controlled switchboards. Operators providing communications ... If any compatibility requirements, by way of increased access to the Communications Board within the chassis to meet