2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题

3. 在各类考试题中,测试者往往都要求应考者选 用最简单的动词形式,即不带to的动词不定式,或者动名词形式,尤其是不带to的动词不定式,而不是其他形式。但是,如果rather than 之前用的是被动语态(含被动不定式)、进行时、动名词、介词短语等,这时往往需要保持rather than前后结构形式的平衡。 (1) In 1903, the Wright brothers’invention was ignored rather than recognized. (2) He is to be pitied rather than (to be) disliked. (3) This text is to be deleted rather than written. 4) They were screaming rather than singing. (5) He was engaged in writing rather than reading the newspaper. (6) He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money. (7) Clinical experiments have shown that children generally relate to other children’s strengths and abilities, rather than to their weaknesses. 4. rather than可拆开用,这更强调动词形式一致。 (1) He is to be pitied rather than (to be) disliked. / He is rather to be pitied than disliked (2) This text is to be deleted rather than written. / This text is rather to be deleted than written. (3) The siren whispers rather than screams. / The siren rather whispers than screams. 5. rather than提前时,常用不带to的动词不定式。 (1)Rather than cause trouble, he left. (2)Rather than go there, I’d prefer to stay here on my won. (3)Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 6. 在would rather … than …句型中,只用不带to的 动词不定式。 (1)He would rather beg in the streets than get money in such a dishonest way. (2)He would rather pay the fine than appeal to a higher court. (3)I would rather die than surrender. (4)I’d rather take the slowest train than go there by air. 8.2.4 would (should) prefer之后的从句时态 would (偶见用should) prefer后接从句时,从 句的时态可用过去虚拟式也可以用现在虚拟式。 但是,用现在虚拟式更常见于考试题中。 A. 从句用过去虚拟式 (1)I would (should) prefer that you did not stay there too long. = I would (should) prefer you not to stay there too long. (2) I’d prefer that the job were a little closer to my home. (3) Val would presumably prefer that you didn’t get arrested. (4) I would prefer that you didn’t mention my name. B. 从句用现在虚拟式 (1) I’d prefer tha t she act the young lady. (2) Would you prefer that I come on Monday instead of on Tuesday? (3) I’d prefer that he remain forgotten. 注1:一般来说,常见的形式是:prefer that … should do (should be), would prefer that … do (be)。(4) We prefer that the plan should be fully discussed before being put into execution. / cf. We would prefer that the plan be fully discussed before being put into execution. 注2:(would) prefer 除了后接从句外,还可接名词 、动名词、动词不定式和形容词。但是,通常不 说would prefer doing,而要说would prefer to do 或prefer doing 。 (5) Would you prefer tea or coffee? --- I’d prefer tea, thanks! (6) I prefer jazz to rock music. (7) I prefer playing in defense. / I’d prefer to play in defense. (Less common: I’d prefer playing in defense) (8) I prefer reading to (watching) television. (9) I prefer to read rather than watch television. 10) I prefer not to think about it. (11) Would you prefer me to stay? (12) The director preferred her to act the old lady. (13) She would prefer him dead. = She would prefer him to die. 8.2.5 It’s (high, about) time之后的时态 It’s (high, about) time之后要用过去时。 (1)It’s (high, about) time (that) you visited Beijing. (cf. It’s time for you to visit Beijing. / It’s the first time that you have visited Beijing. / It was the first time that you had visited Beijing.) (2) It’s (high, about) time (that) you bought a car. (3) Mother said, “It’s about time you got up, Mary.” 8.2.7 表示建议、要求、命令、惊奇等意义的单词 之后的从句谓语形式 凡表示建议、要求、命令、惊奇或具有此类 意义的单词,无论是动词、形容词、还是名词, 其后的从句谓语总是用should do (be) 或do (be) 的形式。前者是英式后者是美式。 A 常用的这类动词有suggest, propose, advise, recommend, move, ask, request, petition, demand, require, desire, intend, insist,urge, order, command, decree, vote等。 (1) I move that your manager (should) accept the terms and conditions in the contract. (2) She petitioned the king that her son (should) be pardoned. (3) They intended that the news (should) be suppressed. (4) We intend that he (shall) set out at once. = We intend him to set out at once. / We intend that it (shall) be done today. = We intend it to be done today. (有时也用shall) (5) The leadership has decreed that such students (should) not be exempted from college dues. (6) The congress has voted that the present law (should) be maintained. B 常用的这类形容词有important, vital, necessary, essential, imperative, right, appropriate, natural, unfair, impolite, surprising, strange, dreadful等。有时必用should表示“竟然”,带有 一些情感色彩。 (1) It is necessary that he (should) do so. (2) It’s imperative that she (should) not be seen here. (3) It’s natural that your brother should forget it. (4) It is unfair that this should happen to me. (5) It’s impolite that she should treat you like that. (6) It’s surprising that he should pass the time like that. (7) It’s strange that she should be so late. (8) It’s dreadful that someone should be so miserable. C 常用的这类名词有suggestion, proposal, advice, recommendation, idea, request, petition, demand, requirement, desire, wish, urge, command, decree, decision, resolution, 8.2.8 suggest和insist用于陈述语气与虚拟语气 的比较 当suggest表示“意思是”、“间接地表明”、“暗示”,insist表示“坚持认为”时,均不能用虚拟语气 ,要用陈述语气。 (1)Her silence suggests that she agrees to this arrangement (plan) /agrees with sb. (his analysis, his remark, his argument, every word he has said). // cf. She suggested to us that an exception (should) be made. 8.2.9 as if (as though)从句中的时态 as if (as though) 之后既可用虚拟语气,亦可用陈述语气。此外,as if (as though) 从句所用的 时态与主句所用的时态没有必然的制约关系。 A 虚拟语气(表示不可能) (1) He behaves as if he owned the place. (2) He looks as if he were ill. / He looks as if he had been ill for days. (3) He looks as if he saw a ghost every night. / He looks as if he had seen a ghost last night. (4) It seems as if butter would not melt in his mouth. B 陈述语气(表示有可能) (1) He behaves as if he owns the place. (2) He acts as if he is in love with her. (3) He looked as if he was ill. / He looked as if he had been ill for days. (4) She looks as if she will be like you when she grows up. (5) It looks as if it is going to rain. (7) The meat tastes as if it has gone stale.