小麦中后期管理技术

小麦中后期管理技术 小麦中后期管理技术 目前我省小麦正处在起身拔节期，是肥水管理的关键时期，针对当前我省小麦苗情、 土壤墒情，农民朋友应积极开展小麦中后期管理，构建合理群体，预防可能出现的不利 因素，夺取小麦丰产丰收。具体应做好以下措施: 旱地麦田 1、旱地麦田立足抗旱，做好锄划保墒，促进个体发育。 因去冬及今春的低温和阶段性的干旱，我省旱地小麦个体发育普遍偏小，生育期较常年稍推迟。虽然2月下旬和3月中旬的降雨补充了 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 墒，但近期气温回升较快、多风，土壤失墒严重。因此，旱地麦田管理重点是中耕锄划，松土保墒，促苗早发，同时消灭杂草，抑制春蘖生长，确保麦苗稳健生长。对于晚播弱苗田，还应抓住有效降雨过程，每亩撒施或沟施尿素5-7.5公斤或10公斤的黑金珠营养肥。所有麦田都应在进行红蜘蛛和麦蚜防治时混喷叶面肥和抗旱保水剂，以减少叶面蒸腾，提高小麦自身抗旱能力，提高成穗数，增加穗粒数和粒重。 2、地膜小麦做好中期护膜保墒，后期应揭膜防止早衰。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 地膜破损会大大降低保墒增温效果，对出现破损或揭膜的地膜小麦田应进行膜际两侧培土作业护膜，并用土封堵膜上较大的破洞，以减少土壤蒸发，并进行膜侧中耕保墒除草。小麦生育后期土壤水分主要通过叶面蒸腾散失，地面蒸发量较小，为降低地温，延长灌浆时间，预防早衰，地膜小麦应在小麦灌浆中期进行揭膜。 水地麦田 目前，冬、春浇过的麦田土壤墒情均可满足小麦起身期对水分的需求。因此中后期管理上应根据苗情、分类指导、巧用肥水、科学管理，构建合理成穗群体，促进成大穗。 1、晚播麦田肥水管理措施。 针对目前亩总茎数60万左右的晚播麦田，管理措施上仍以促为主，尽早浇水，并亩追施尿素10-15公斤或20公斤黑金珠全营养肥，促进个体发育，延缓小蘖分化，增加中小蘖成穗，提高亩穗数，促进小花分化，实现穗大粒多。浇水后及时中耕提温保墒，多管齐下增加群体，争取高产。 2、壮苗田肥水管理措施。 亩总茎数80万左右的壮苗麦田，应适当将浇水时期推迟到拔节中期，并亩追施尿素5-7.5公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥，促进穗大粒多，延缓叶片和根系衰老，提高粒重。 亩总茎数90-100万的壮苗麦田，目前土壤墒情较好，应将浇水时间推迟到拔节末期，并亩追施尿素5~7.5公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥，以促进大小蘖两极分化，防止出现倒伏或贪青晚熟;针对土壤墒情较差或出现脱肥症状的麦田，应在拔节前期浇水，并亩追施尿素5~10公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥，以防根系早衰，粒重降低，影响产量。 3、旺苗田肥水管理措施。 亩总茎数在100万以上的旺长麦田，易发生春季冻害，应采取适当深中耕7-10厘米，切断部分根系，起到蹲苗和控制第一节间长度防倒，促进大小蘖两极分化的效果，以构建合理群体，减少水肥消耗，改善田间通风透光等生态环境，减少病害发生，实现穗大粒多。这类麦田以控为主，一旦发生早衰或脱肥，应立即浇水追肥，减轻早衰。 4、拔节期增量灌水，满足后期生长需要。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 拔节期应增量灌水，一般亩灌水应不少于60m3，不仅可满足中后期小麦营养生长和生殖生长对水分的需求，而且可以预防晚霜冻害(低温冷害)，提高成穗数和穗粒数。 杂草防除 冬前未进行化学除草或防除不彻底的麦田，目前应抓住近期气温稳定在5?以上的晴好天气开展化学除草。小麦拔节后严禁采用化学除草，而应在拔节期到孕穗前人工拔除，以彻底清除杂草，减少争水、争肥、争光，降低来年杂草基数。已结籽杂草，拔除后应彻底焚烧，严禁随意丢弃。 化学除草应根据麦田杂草种类选择合理药剂，以播娘蒿、荠菜等阔叶杂草为主的麦田，亩可用75%巨星干悬浮剂1克、10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂(麦帮锄、麦草克)10克或72%2,4-D丁酯乳油40毫升兑水30-40公斤喷雾;恶性杂草节节麦亩可用3%世玛油悬浮剂20-35毫升或3.6%阔世玛水分散剂15-20克、野燕麦亩可用6.9%骠马乳剂60-70毫升兑水30-40公斤喷雾。化学除草一定要严格按照使用浓度和技术操作规程，以免发生药害。遇到气温过高或寒潮来临应停止防除。 病虫防治 今年我省南部麦区小麦蚜虫和红蜘蛛虫口密度明显高于去年。尤其是旱地麦田红蜘蛛中等发生，部分地方偏重发生，许多田块已达到防治指标，随着气温回升，即将达到危害高峰，应加强监测，科学彻底防治。麦蚜较常年偏早发生，因此应加强田间病虫害监测预报，做到早发现，早预防，降低病虫害损失。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 小麦红蜘蛛:随着气温升高，应密切关注中、南部旱塬、向阳坡地及扩浇地红蜘蛛发生，当麦垄单行(33厘米)有虫200头或每株有虫6头，大部分叶片密布白斑时，即达到防治指标，应在中午前或下午3点后无风天气进行防治。发生初期用20%哒螨灵乳油20-40mL/亩、40%三唑磷乳油21.3-40mL/亩、1.8%阿维菌素乳油10-20mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。严重发生时，用20%三氯杀螨醇乳油20-30mL/亩、40%氧化乐果乳油10mL/亩、20%哒螨灵可湿性粉剂10-20g/亩、73%炔螨特乳油30-50mL/亩、1.8%阿维菌素乳油10-20mL/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦蚜虫:4月上旬麦蚜发生初期，百株麦蚜量达200头时，可用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、1.8阿维菌素乳油13.3mL/亩、50%抗蚜威可湿性粉剂10-20g/亩、3%啶虫脒乳油40-50mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。扬花初期，百株麦蚜量超过500头，可用40%氧化乐果乳油80-120mL/亩、25%喹硫磷乳油32-48mL/亩、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油6mL/亩、2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油10-20mL/亩、0.3苦参碱水剂100mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦吸浆虫:坚持 “主攻蛹期，成虫期扫残”的策略，当吸浆虫蛹期每样方(10厘米×10厘米×20厘米)5头时，应在4月中下旬蛹期撒毒土防治，可亩用50%辛硫磷乳油或40%甲基乙硫磷乳油200-250毫升加水适量或48%毒死蜱乳油100-125mL/亩加细土制成毒土、3%甲基乙硫磷颗粒剂2-2.5kg拌细土20-25kg均匀撒施于麦垄间，然后及时中耕浇水，同时在成虫期(小麦抽穗、扬花期)亩用50%辛硫磷乳油或菊酯类杀虫剂1000-1500倍液40-50kg于傍晚喷雾。 小麦白粉病:我省每年都有不同程度发生，尤其是实行粮林间作遮蔽厉害的麦田，发生较重，是监测防治的重点。孕穗末期至抽穗初期，白粉病零星发生时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂50~100g/亩+75%百菌清可湿性粉剂50-60g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂20~30g/亩、33%纹霉净(三唑酮+多菌灵)可湿性粉剂50g/亩，兑水30kg均匀喷雾，兼治小麦锈病等主要病害。抽穗扬花期严重发生时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂80-100g/亩、30%醚菌酯悬乳剂40mL/亩、25%咪鲜胺乳油50-60mL/亩、6%戊唑醇微乳剂200mL/亩等均匀喷施，间隔7天再喷一次。灌浆期，白粉病发生比较严重，可用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂80~120g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂40~60g/亩、6%戊唑醇微乳剂200mL/亩等，兑水40kg喷雾。 小麦锈病:坚持“发现一点，防治一片”的原则，通过带药巡查，发现中心病株，立即喷药防治。一般可用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、25%戊唑醇水乳剂25-33mL/亩、15%粉锈灵可湿性粉剂80g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂25-30g/亩、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100g/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾，间隔8-10天连喷3次。孕穗前后发生中心病团，且发病较多时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂40-60g/亩、25%戊唑醇水乳剂30-50mL/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、40%氟硅唑乳油10-20mL/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾，间隔8~10天，连喷2次。扬花前后，田间发病比较严重时，用25%戊唑醇水乳剂50-60mL/亩、12.5%contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 烯唑醇可湿性粉剂60-80g/亩、25%丙环唑乳油60mL/亩、25%腈菌唑乳油50-60mL/亩、25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂60-80g/亩+50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100g/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦赤霉病:坚持 “预防为主、主动出击”的防治策略。小麦抽穗-灌浆阶段，若此期阴雨连绵，潮湿多雾或天气闷热时，应注意预防。扬花初期，田间零星发病是小麦赤霉病防治适期。可用50%多?福?硫可湿性粉剂 (多菌灵?福美双?硫磺)100-150g/亩、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂70~100g/亩、25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂200g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂50g/亩、25%丙环唑乳油40mL/亩等兑水40-50kg喷雾，间隔7-10天再喷1次。 灾害预防 1、晚霜冻害预防及补救措施 每年4月上中旬，我省麦区会不同程度发生晚霜冻害，对处在拔节至孕穗期小麦造成不同程度冻害或冷害，这一时期因小麦进入快速生长时期，组织幼嫩含水量较多，抵抗低温能力减弱，幼穗发育至四分体形成期(孕穗期)前后，对环境低温和水分缺乏极为敏感，若最低气温低于5?-6?就会受害，使抽穗延迟或抽出空颖白穗，或麦穗中部分小穗空瘪，仅有部分结实，严重影响产量。 小麦低温冷害的防御和补救措施主要有:低温来临之前采取灌水、烟熏或叶面喷施叶面肥、生长调节剂如天达-2116(壮苗灵)等可预防和减轻低温冷害的发生，一旦发生应及时追肥浇水，保证小麦正常灌浆，提高粒重。 2、预防干热风或高温青枯，抓好后期“一喷三防”提高粒重 小麦生育后期 (5月中下旬到6月上旬)常遇到干热风 (气温高于30?，大气相对湿度低于30%，风速3-4米/秒)或雨后青枯(持续高温突然降雨，又立刻晴天)，造成叶片青枯逼熟，粒重下降。因此，应密切关注气象预报，巧灌麦黄水(灌浆期浇水最好选择无风夜间浇水)，改善田间小气候，减轻干热风危害;也可在干热风来临前用醋酸或化学调控剂叶面喷施，或结合病虫害防治开展 “一喷三防”，提高小麦抗旱、抗热能力，预防干热风，提高粒重。 小麦后期“一喷三防”是预防和减轻病虫害、干热风等危害的有效措施之一，因此，应根据病虫害发生情况和天气变化，喷施2-3次，能有效提高粒重，预防干热风。叶面肥可选用氨基酸叶肥和追肥王，追加天丰诺和活康壮丰及杀蚜药物叶面喷施。重点在孕穗期和扬花前期与扬花后期7-10天间隔喷施，最好放在下午4点以后叶面喷施，按照此技术每亩可增加150-200斤产量(举例获嘉县的丰产效果和太康县的玉米效果)。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 3.预防倒伏 方法 快递客服问题件处理详细方法山木方法pdf计算方法pdf华与华方法下载八字理论方法下载 科学运筹肥水。高产麦田一定要及时浇好冬水、拔节水、灌浆水，一般不浇返青水和麦黄水。春季返青起身期以控为主，不施肥浇水，到小麦拔节后(倒2叶露尖)再浇水，酌情追施氮钾肥，以缩短基部节间长度，达到第一节间长4.5-5.7cm、第二节间长7.6-8.5cm的抗倒伏 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 ;后期如需浇水，一定根据天气预报，掌握风雨前不浇、有风雨停浇的原则，科学运筹肥水。 推广化控，防病治虫。在小麦起身期拔节前每亩用15%多效唑粉剂50-60g对水40-50kg喷洒，可有效控制旺长，缩短基部节间;也可每亩用20%壮丰安乳剂(小麦专用型)30-40ml对水25-30kg均匀喷施，可控制基部1-3节间伸长，不影响穗下节间，使小麦秆强壁厚，增产8%-13%。此外，矮壮素、缩节胺、尊品、天丰诺等都有一定防止倒伏的效果。对小麦纹枯病、白粉病、蚜虫等采取预防为主、综合防治的措施，一旦达到防治指标，及时喷药防治，增加小麦抗逆力和抗倒伏能力。 目前我省小麦正处在起身拔节期，是肥水管理的关键时期，针对当前我省小麦苗情、土壤墒情，农民朋友应积极开展小麦中后期管理，构建合理群体，预防可能出现的不利因素，夺取小麦丰产丰收。具体应做好以下措施: contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 旱地麦田 1、旱地麦田立足抗旱，做好锄划保墒，促进个体发育。 因去冬及今春的低温和阶段性的干旱，我省旱地小麦个体发育普遍偏小，生育期较常年稍推迟。虽然2月下旬和3月中旬的降雨补充了表墒，但近期气温回升较快、多风，土壤失墒严重。因此，旱地麦田管理重点是中耕锄划，松土保墒，促苗早发，同时消灭杂草，抑制春蘖生长，确保麦苗稳健生长。对于晚播弱苗田，还应抓住有效降雨过程，每亩撒施或沟施尿素5-7.5公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥。所有麦田都应在进行红蜘蛛和麦蚜防治时混喷叶面肥和抗旱保水剂，以减少叶面蒸腾，提高小麦自身抗旱能力，提高成穗数，增加穗粒数和粒重。 2、地膜小麦做好中期护膜保墒，后期应揭膜防止早衰。 地膜破损会大大降低保墒增温效果，对出现破损或揭膜的地膜小麦田应进行膜际两侧培土作业护膜，并用土封堵膜上较大的破洞，以减少土壤蒸发，并进行膜侧中耕保墒除草。小麦生育后期土壤水分主要通过叶面蒸腾散失，地面蒸发量较小，为降低地温，延长灌浆时间，预防早衰，地膜小麦应在小麦灌浆中期进行揭膜。 水地麦田 目前，冬、春浇过的麦田土壤墒情均可满足小麦起身期对水分的需求。因此中后期管理上应根据苗情、分类指导、巧用肥水、科学管理，构建合理成穗群体，促进成大穗。 1、晚播麦田肥水管理措施。 针对目前亩总茎数60万左右的晚播麦田，管理措施上仍以促为主，尽早浇水，并亩追施尿素10-15公斤或10-20公斤黑金珠全营养肥，促进个体发育，延缓小蘖分化，增加中小蘖成穗，提高亩穗数，促进小花分化，实现穗大粒多。浇水后及时中耕提温保墒，多管齐下增加群体，争取高产。 2、壮苗田肥水管理措施。 亩总茎数80万左右的壮苗麦田，应适当将浇水时期推迟到拔节中期，并亩追施尿素5-7.5公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥，促进穗大粒多，延缓叶片和根系衰老，活秆成熟，提高粒重增加产量。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 亩总茎数90-100万的壮苗麦田，目前土壤墒情较好，应将浇水时间推迟到拔节末期，并亩追施尿素5~7.5公斤或10-15公斤黑金珠全营养肥，以促进大小蘖两极分化，防止出现倒伏或贪青晚熟;针对土壤墒情较差或出现脱肥症状的麦田，应在拔节前期浇水，并亩追施尿素5~10公斤或10-20公斤黑金珠全营养肥，以防根系早衰，粒重降低，影响产量。 3、旺苗田肥水管理措施。 亩总茎数在100万以上的旺长麦田，易发生春季冻害，应采取适当深中耕7-10厘米，切断部分根系，起到蹲苗和控制第一节间长度防倒，促进大小蘖两极分化的效果，以构建合理群体，减少水肥消耗，改善田间通风透光等生态环境，减少病害发生，实现穗大粒多。这类麦田以控为主，一旦发生早衰或脱肥，应立即浇水追肥，减轻早衰。 4、拔节期增量灌水，满足后期生长需要。 拔节期应增量灌水，一般亩灌水应不少于60m3，不仅可满足中后期小麦营养生长和生殖生长对水分的需求，而且可以预防晚霜冻害(低温冷害)，提高成穗数和穗粒数。 杂草防除 冬前未进行化学除草或防除不彻底的麦田，目前应抓住近期气温稳定在5?以上的晴好天气开展化学除草。小麦拔节后严禁采用化学除草，而应在拔节期到孕穗前人工拔除，以彻底清除杂草，减少争水、争肥、争光，降低来年杂草基数。已结籽杂草，拔除后应彻底焚烧，严禁随意丢弃。 化学除草应根据麦田杂草种类选择合理药剂，以播娘蒿、荠菜等阔叶杂草为主的麦田，亩可用75%巨星干悬浮剂1克、10%苯磺隆可湿性粉剂(麦帮锄、麦草克)10克或72%2,4-D丁酯乳油40毫升兑水30-40公斤喷雾;恶性杂草节节麦亩可用3%世玛油悬浮剂20-35毫升或3.6%阔世玛水分散剂15-20克、野燕麦亩可用6.9%骠马乳剂60-70毫升兑水30-40公斤喷雾。化学除草一定要严格按照使用浓度和技术操作规程，以免发生药害。遇到气温过高或寒潮来临应停止防除。 病虫防治 今年我省南部麦区小麦蚜虫和红蜘蛛虫口密度明显高于去年。尤其是旱地麦田红蜘蛛中等发生，部分地方偏重发生，许多田块已达到防治指标，随着气温回升，即将达到危害高峰，应加强监测，科学彻底防治。麦蚜较常年偏早发生，因此应加强田间病虫害监测预报，做到早发现，早预防，降低病虫害损失。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 小麦红蜘蛛:随着气温升高，应密切关注中、南部旱塬、向阳坡地及扩浇地红蜘蛛发生，当麦垄单行(33厘米)有虫200头或每株有虫6头，大部分叶片密布白斑时，即达到防治指标，应在中午前或下午3点后无风天气进行防治。发生初期用20%哒螨灵乳油20-40mL/亩、40%三唑磷乳油21.3-40mL/亩、1.8%阿维菌素乳油10-20mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。严重发生时，用20%三氯杀螨醇乳油20-30mL/亩、40%氧化乐果乳油10mL/亩、20%哒螨灵可湿性粉剂10-20g/亩、73%炔螨特乳油30-50mL/亩、1.8%阿维菌素乳油10-20mL/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦蚜虫:4月上旬麦蚜发生初期，百株麦蚜量达200头时，可用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、1.8阿维菌素乳油13.3mL/亩、50%抗蚜威可湿性粉剂10-20g/亩、3%啶虫脒乳油40-50mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。扬花初期，百株麦蚜量超过500头，可用40%氧化乐果乳油80-120mL/亩、25%喹硫磷乳油32-48mL/亩、2.5%溴氰菊酯乳油6mL/亩、2.5%高效氟氯氰菊酯乳油10-20mL/亩、0.3苦参碱水剂100mL/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦吸浆虫:坚持 “主攻蛹期，成虫期扫残”的策略，当吸浆虫蛹期每样方(10厘米×10厘米×20厘米)5头时，应在4月中下旬蛹期撒毒土防治，可亩用50%辛硫磷乳油或40%甲基乙硫磷乳油200-250毫升加水适量或48%毒死蜱乳油100-125mL/亩加细土制成毒土、3%甲基乙硫磷颗粒剂2-2.5kg拌细土20-25kg均匀撒施于麦垄间，然后及时中耕浇水，同时在成虫期(小麦抽穗、扬花期)亩用50%辛硫磷乳油或菊酯类杀虫剂1000-1500倍液40-50kg于傍晚喷雾。 小麦白粉病:我省每年都有不同程度发生，尤其是实行粮林间作遮蔽厉害的麦田，发生较重，是监测防治的重点。孕穗末期至抽穗初期，白粉病零星发生时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂50~100g/亩+75%百菌清可湿性粉剂50-60g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂20~30g/亩、33%纹霉净(三唑酮+多菌灵)可湿性粉剂50g/亩，兑水30kg均匀喷雾，兼治小麦锈病等主要病害。抽穗扬花期严重发生时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂80-100g/亩、30%醚菌酯悬乳剂40mL/亩、25%咪鲜胺乳油50-60mL/亩、6%戊唑醇微乳剂200mL/亩等均匀喷施，间隔7天再喷一次。灌浆期，白粉病发生比较严重，可用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂80~120g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂40~60g/亩、6%戊唑醇微乳剂200mL/亩等，兑水40kg喷雾。 小麦锈病:坚持“发现一点，防治一片”的原则，通过带药巡查，发现中心病株，立即喷药防治。一般可用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、25%戊唑醇水乳剂25-33mL/亩、15%粉锈灵可湿性粉剂80g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂25-30g/亩、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100g/亩，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾，间隔8-10天连喷3次。孕穗前后发生中心病团，且发病较多时，用15%三唑酮可湿性粉剂40-60g/亩、25%戊唑醇水乳剂30-50mL/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂30-40g/亩、40%氟硅唑乳油10-20mL/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾，间隔8~10contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 天，连喷2次。扬花前后，田间发病比较严重时，用25%戊唑醇水乳剂50-60mL/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂60-80g/亩、25%丙环唑乳油60mL/亩、25%腈菌唑乳油50-60mL/亩、25%三唑酮可湿性粉剂60-80g/亩+50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂100g/亩等，兑水40-50kg均匀喷雾。 小麦赤霉病:坚持 “预防为主、主动出击”的防治策略。小麦抽穗-灌浆阶段，若此期阴雨连绵，潮湿多雾或天气闷热时，应注意预防。扬花初期，田间零星发病是小麦赤霉病防治适期。可用50%多?福?硫可湿性粉剂 (多菌灵?福美双?硫磺)100-150g/亩、70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂70~100g/亩、25%多菌灵可湿性粉剂200g/亩、12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂50g/亩、25%丙环唑乳油40mL/亩等兑水40-50kg喷雾，间隔7-10天再喷1次。 灾害预防 1、晚霜冻害预防及补救措施 每年4月上中旬，我省麦区会不同程度发生晚霜冻害，对处在拔节至孕穗期小麦造成不同程度冻害或冷害，这一时期因小麦进入快速生长时期，组织幼嫩含水量较多，抵抗低温能力减弱，幼穗发育至四分体形成期(孕穗期)前后，对环境低温和水分缺乏极为敏感，若最低气温低于5?-6?就会受害，使抽穗延迟或抽出空颖白穗，或麦穗中部分小穗空瘪，仅有部分结实，严重影响产量。 小麦低温冷害的防御和补救措施主要有:低温来临之前采取灌水、烟熏或叶面喷施叶面肥、生长调节剂如天达-2116(壮苗灵)等可预防和减轻低温冷害的发生，一旦发生应及时追肥浇水，保证小麦正常灌浆，提高粒重。 2、预防干热风或高温青枯，抓好后期“一喷三防”提高粒重 小麦生育后期 (5月中下旬到6月上旬)常遇到干热风 (气温高于30?，大气相对湿度低于30%，风速3-4米/秒)或雨后青枯(持续高温突然降雨，又立刻晴天)，造成叶片青枯逼熟，粒重下降。因此，应密切关注气象预报，巧灌麦黄水(灌浆期浇水最好选择无风夜间浇水)，改善田间小气候，减轻干热风危害;也可在干热风来临前用醋酸或化学调控剂叶面喷施，或结合病虫害防治开展 “一喷三防”，提高小麦抗旱、抗热能力，预防干热风，提高粒重。 小麦后期“一喷三防”是预防和减轻病虫害、干热风等危害的有效措施之一，因此，应根据病虫害发生情况和天气变化，喷施2-3次，能有效提高粒重，预防干热风。叶面肥可选用氨基酸叶肥和追肥王，追加天丰诺和活康壮丰及杀蚜药物叶面喷施。重点在孕穗期和扬contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism 花前期与扬花后期7-10天间隔喷施，最好放在下午4点以后叶面喷施，按照此技术每亩可增加150-200斤产量(举例获嘉县的丰产效果和太康县的玉米效果)。 3.预防倒伏方法 科学运筹肥水。高产麦田一定要及时浇好冬水、拔节水、灌浆水，一般不浇返青水和麦黄水。春季返青起身期以控为主，不施肥浇水，到小麦拔节后(倒2叶露尖)再浇水，酌情追施氮钾肥，以缩短基部节间长度，达到第一节间长4.5-5.7cm、第二节间长7.6-8.5cm的抗倒伏标准;后期如需浇水，一定根据天气预报，掌握风雨前不浇、有风雨停浇的原则，科学运筹肥水。 推广化控，防病治虫。在小麦起身期拔节前每亩用15%多效唑粉剂50-60g对水40-50kg喷洒，可有效控制旺长，缩短基部节间;也可每亩用20%壮丰安乳剂(小麦专用型)30-40ml对水25-30kg均匀喷施，可控制基部1-3节间伸长，不影响穗下节间，使小麦秆强壁厚，增产8%-13%。此外，矮壮素、缩节胺、尊品、天丰诺等都有一定防止倒伏的效果。对小麦纹枯病、白粉病、蚜虫等采取预防为主、综合防治的措施，一旦达到防治指标，及时喷药防治，增加小麦抗逆力和抗倒伏能力。 contents of these professional groups; (2) in the master on the basis of expertise, familiarity with medical imaging in the diagnosis of common clinical manifestations (symptoms, signs, and laboratory tests), they clearly value in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these lesions. (3) suitable for imaging interventional therapy and nuclear medicine in the treatment of a variety of clinical manifestations of the disease, which covered a variety of treatment methods and applications. 2. basic requirements (1) intervention (3 months) be familiar with the principles of basic theory and application of Interventional Radiology, the basic techniques of Interventional Radiology, interventional surgical indications and contraindications, and perioperative management of various types of interventions. (2) Department of internal medicine and related: require regular visits and physical examination techniques, and familiarity with the clinical diseases listed in the following table, physical signs, laboratory testing and diagnosis, in particular, to master a variety of first aid. Learning disease species requirements: System disease species breathing, and circulatory system bronchial expansion, bacteria sex pneumonia, Lung abscess, tuberculosis, lung cancer rheumatic heart valve disease, coronary heart disease, pericarditis Digest, and urinary system endocrine system Digest road Ulcer (stomach, and duodenal ulcer), Digest road tumor (gastric cancer, and knot rectal cancer), cirrhosis, liver cell cancer, pancreatic inflammatory, pancreatic cancer various type nephritis, kidney failure, bladder inflammatory various goiter, thyroid gland tumor, thyroid cancer bone joint system bone loose, and bone metabolism