Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar 动名词作定语,状语

Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar 动名词作定语,状语 Book 4 Unit 4 Grammar 动名词作定语，状语 一、动名词作定语 动名词作定语时，在句子中通常有两个位置:如果是单个的动名词作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语;如果是动名词短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。 1(动名词作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room. 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an operating table. 他们搭起一个手术台。 2(动名词作定语， 表 关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf 示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman talking to our English teacher? 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁, 3(有些动名词已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人„„”:exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 That must be a terrifying experience. 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 The experiment was an amazing success. 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 注意:如果动名词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，就要用它的被动式being done，通常表示正在被做，常作后置定语。 The tall building being built now is our new school. 正在被修建的那建筑是我们的新学校。 That question being discussed was presented by the headmaster. 正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。 二、动名词作状语 动名词或动名词短语可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。动名词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。动名词作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词。 1. 作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。 While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. 当她看书的时候，不时地点头。 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 1 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 3. 作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. 他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。 5. 作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。 注意: 1( 当动名词所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应该使用完成式:having done. Having finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. 2( 当动名词与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用被动式:being done. Being helped by the teacher, she will learn English well. 3( 动名词作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。 Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me.(错) 4( 独立主格结构 动名词作状语时，当其逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致的时候，而是有自己的独立的逻辑 主语时，我们把这样的结构称位独立主格结构。 Spring coming on, the trees turned green. Her mother being ill, she had to look after her at home. Time permitting, we will visit the Great Wall. 5(动名词作状语时，可以用相应的状语从句替代，从句谓语必须用主动语态。 2 While reading the book, she nodded from time to time. = While she was reading the book, she nodded from time to time. Being a student, I must study hard. = As I am a student, I must study hard. Not knowing how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. t know how to do it, he asked the teacher for help. = As he didn’ 由于不知道如何干，他请老师帮助。 6(固定结构 Judging from his appearance, he must be very rich. Generally speaking, his answer is right. ?非谓语解题“五步骤”: 1、牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或 完成。 2、分析句子成分。判断句子中是欠缺谓语还是非谓语。(主要是看句子中已经有没有谓语动 词了，因为英语中一个简单句中只能有一个谓语动词。) 3、寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是 动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。如果非谓语动 词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式;如果非谓语动词与其逻辑 主语之间是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式;如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的 被动式或不定式的被动进行式。 4、了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式; 如果发生在之前，则用完成式;如果强调正在进行，则用进行时;如果动作在将来发生，则 用不定式。 5、分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。 练习一: 1. The stranger said something in a _______ voice and the little girl was very much _______. A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightened 2. ________the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3 3. Mother caught the boy ______ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. ______ the program, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed 5. “We can’t go out in this weather”, said Bob, ____ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _____ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. _______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 8. He looked around and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 9. ______in the seat of half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 10. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my son. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 11. Generally speaking, ______ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken 12. I was told that there were about 50 foreign students _____ Chinese in the school, most _____ were from Germany. A. study; of whom B. study; of them C. studying; of them D. studying; of whom 13. Don’t sit there ________ nothing. Come and help me with this table. A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing 14. —Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. —Sorry. With so much work ____ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled 15. —Can I smoke here? —Sorry. We don’t allow ______ here. A. people smoking B. people smoke C. to smoke D. smoking 4 ABDCA CADCB BDCBD 5