虚拟语气
1．概念：虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊
表
关于同志近三年现实表现材料材料类招标技术评分表图表与交易pdf视力表打印pdf用图表说话 pdf
达形式。它表示说话人的话与事实不符合或者不可能实现， 只表示一种愿望，假设和猜测。
2．If引导的虚拟条件句的用法
三种情况：
条件从句的谓语动词（if） 主句的谓语动词
与现在事实 动词的过去式 should/would/could/
相反 be常用were might+动词原形
与过去事实 had+过去分词 should/would/could/
相反 might +have+过去分词
1.动词的过去式
与将来事实 2.should+动词原形 should/would/could/
相反 3.were to+动词原形 might+动词原形
1. If I had time, I would see you off.
2. If he had got up earlier, he would have caught the bus.
3. If she should go shopping tomorrow, I would go with her.
注意：
1.主句中的should通常用于第1人称, 根据意思的需要可用情态动词could, might，would.
If you tried again, you would succeed. 一定成功
If you tried again, you could succeed. 能够成功
If you tried again, you might succeed. 可能成功
2.条件从句中如果动词是be动词,其过去式所有人称和单复数都用were.但是在口语中,第1, 3人称单数常用was代替were.但是If I were you,是不变的.
If I were you, I would study harder.
3.如果条件从句的谓语动词包含有were或助动词/情态动词had/ should, could,有时将if省略,而将were, had, should, could,提到主语之前
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
Were I (If I were you) you, I would do more practice.
Could she (If she could) lend us a helping hand, we would be grateful.
其他情况：
1.混合虚拟语气，有时主句与从句所指的时间不一致，这就叫错综虚拟语气或混合虚拟语气，它要求主从句的时态根据实际时间概念确定。
If she had followed the doctor's advice, she would be quite all right now.(从句说明过去的情况，主句说明现在的情况）
If he were a good student, he would have studied for the test. ( present --- past)
2.含蓄虚拟语气，有时假设的条件不能通过条件从句表达出来，而是隐含在某些介词短语（如but for）或上下文里，这种句子要用含蓄虚拟语气。
But for/Without your help, I wouldn't have succeeded anyway.
=If you hadn't helped me, I wouldn't have succeeded anyway.
3．虚拟语气在Wish后面的宾语从句中的运用，表示：可惜...,要是...就好了，但愿...,悔不该....
1.现在时 动词的过去式
wish 2.过去时 had+ 过去分词
3.将来时 should/would
+动词原形
(1) I wish I were ten years younger.
I wish I knew how to drive a car.
(2) I wish I had gone to the football match last night.
(3) He wishes you would go and visit him tomorrow.
注意主句中的wish的各种时态都不影响从句的时态.
练习
1.You are late. If you _____ a few minutes earlier, you _____ him.
A. came/could meet B. had come/would have met
C. come/will meet D. had come/would meet
2. Our former maths teacher died last term, otherwise he _____.
A. would still be working B. would still have worked
C. should still work D. will still work
3. I wish that I _____ with you last night.
A. went B. could go
C. have gone D. had gone
4._____，I should make the same choice.
A. Were I you B. If I was you
5. ----How I had studied harder when I was in senior school!
----If you had, you_____ a university student now.
A. are B. would be C. should D. were
浙公网安备 33021202002483