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商务英语4-businessenglish_第四单元商务英语4-businessenglish_第四单元 International Business English 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 1A 价钱 Price 某家公司的营业部经理和财务部经理为新产品的定价持相反意见,而且各有说辞。 英文正 文 A: I really think this price is too high. A price has to be based on costs and the profit you want. B: I know. But pricing ha...

商务英语4-businessenglish_第四单元
商务英语4-businessenglish_第四单元 International Business English 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 1A 价钱 Price 某家公司的营业部经理和财务部经理为新产品的定价持相反意见,而且各有说辞。 英文正 文 A: I really think this price is too high. A price has to be based on costs and the profit you want. B: I know. But pricing has to be based on what customers want too, which differs from place to place and time to time. A: Yes, experience shows the same product is priced differently in different markets. But why so much higher in this market? B: There are many rich people in this area, so a skimming price is OK -- and even needed, because they think only a high price means a good product. A: But the market prices for other similar products are much lower. Buyers will notice the flexibility in the price structure, and buy from other companies. B: I don't think so. I think the others will have to raise their price ceiling to make customers believe that their products are as good as ours. 中文翻 译 A: 我真的认为这个价钱太高。价钱是要根据成本和你所想要的利润而定。 B: 我知道。但是定价也须以顾客的需要为基础,而这种需要是会因时因地而异的。 A: 没错。根据经验,相同产品在不同的市场会订出不同的价钱。但为什么在这个市场要订这么高, B: 这个地区多的是有钱人,所以最高利润价行得通,甚至可以说是必要的。因为他们认为只有高价位才能代表 好产品。 A: 但其它同类产品的市价就低了很多,购买者会注意到价格上的差异,转而购买其它公司的产品。 B: 我可不认为。我倒觉得其它同行得提高价格的上限,让顾客相信他们产品和我们的一样好。 短语解 说 skimming price 最高利益获取价;吸脂价格 1 International Business English "skim",当动词,有‘撇取液体表面浮物’的解释。而"skimming"在商业上则有其引申之意,指‘获取最高利益的定价策略’。这种策略通常用在一项新产品刚上市时,因产物本身的特殊性吸引消费者,再加上尚无竞争对手,使得制造商哄抬价格,赚取最大可能之利润。"skimming price"即指‘厂家最高获利之价格’。 market price 市价 商品在市场上由供给与需求情形所决定的价格。 flexibility in the price structure 价位伸缩性 "flexibility",‘弹性’。"price structure"则可解为‘价格幅度’。"flexibility in the price structure"乃指某产品之既定最高至最低价钱的伸缩空间。"structure",‘结构’。 price ceiling 价位上限,最高价 "ceiling",原指‘天花板’;引申为‘上限’,经常用来指财经商业方面的最高幅度限制。相反词则为"price floor"—‘最低价位、下限’;"floor"原意为‘地板’。 句型总 结 ? 根据经验显示… 1. Experience shows that... 2. It's well-known that... 3. It's common knowledge that... 用这样的句子开头语通常是为了强调自己的论点是依客观的观察和实际经验而来,并非个人主观的想法或臆测。因此这说法听起来就比"I think"‘我个人认为...’有说服力得多。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 1B 价钱 Price 一位供货商支持他的中盘商对市面上价格的波动抱着‘以不变应万变’的态度;但这样的价格策略真的最好吗,有没有隐忧呢, 英文正 文 A: You know, I think it's smart to stay with the same low price. Your customers will be pleased. B: We think that the basis price should stay low. It's wrong to raise prices just because market demand is going up fast. 2 International Business English A: Right. With such competitive prices, your regular customers will buy only from you, and I'm sure you'll get a lot of new customers. B: I'm just afraid we might start a price war. The bigger companies might lower their prices to try to take our customers away, and close us down. A: If later they try to compete with you by lowering their prices, I think the consumers would know they had loaded prices before, and would feel cheated. B: Well, I don't think the consumers would know unless someone tells them. 中文翻 译 A: 我认为把价格维持在低价位真是明智之举。你的顾客群会满意的。 B: 我们认为基本价应该维持在低价位,不能因为市场的需求攀升就哄抬价钱。 A: 嗯,有这样的竞争价格,你的老主顾还是会向你们买,而且我确信你们还会吸引更多的新顾客。 B: 只怕我们会展开一场价格战。大公司可能会降低价格,把我们的顾客拉走,甚至让我们倒闭。 A: 如果他们过一阵子为了和你们竞争而降价,那消费者就会知道这些公司原来的定价高得不合理,而觉得受骗 上当。 B: 唉,但我可不相信消费者会明白这种事实,除非有人指出来。 短语解 说 basis price 基本价 "basis",‘基础’。"basis price"是指未含其它附带或额外服务的价格。 competitive price 竞争的价格 "competitive", 原是‘竞争性的’,在此暗示‘有竞争潜力的’。一个能够在市场上与其它同类产品较劲的产品,其价 格通常是属于较低或中等。 price war 价格战 3 International Business English 当各厂商销售商为促销产品,不计后果,竞相削价,而使得市价大乱,此乃为价格战。消费者在这场战争中通常 扮演赢家,但如不懂看紧荷包,可能也会遭受损失。"war",‘战争’。 loaded price 附加费用价格 "loaded",‘有负荷的’。这个名词是指过度超出产品成本的价格。通常是因为提供某种额外的服务(如特别包装、 急件等),或者受销售策略影响,而把产品售价提高得极不合理。 句型总 结 ? 我担心… 1. I'm just afraid that... 2. My fear is that... 3. My only hesitation is that... "afraid",‘害怕、不安’。在此型中引申为‘我恐怕...’,而"that"后面所引述的事情通常有否定意味。这也是经常表 示‘不能完全同意’的实用句型,尤其在商业谈判中很少有人会直接说"No",而用此开头语表达心中疑虑。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 1C 价钱 Price 买卖双方为了一批产品的价码磋商多回;这一次再晤面,都决定应该互让一步,也好顺利结束长期的谈判。 英文正 文 A: Can't we find a price that's within my company's reach? Negotiations have been going on too long. B: Agreed. But we need to find a price that is good for both sides. A: To be honest, if you keep holding off for a lower price we won't be able to make a deal, because we won't be able to make a profit. B: OK. You say your cost price is 100 for each unit, and you want a 20% profit. That's 120 per unit. Would you accept a 7% profit if we doubled the order? A: That would mean a price of 107 per unit, which I think is still too low. If you can accept 110 per unit, we have a deal. B: An invoice price of 110? I'll have to check it with my boss, but I think we can accept those terms. 中文翻 4 International Business English 译 A: 应该谈出个敝公司能接受的价码了吧?!这次的谈判进行得够久了~ B: 没错。但我们总要定一个对双方都有利的价钱~ A: 说真的,您如果还想压低价钱,我们是很难谈出结果的,因为这样我们公司会一毛钱也赚不到~ B: 好吧~您说贵公司成本价是每单项100元,还要维持20%的利润,那就是单价120元。如果我们订货量加一倍,您能接受7%的利润吗? A: 那就是每单项降低为107元。这价钱我认为还是太低。如果您可以接受110元,那就成交。 B: 指发票价格吗?我得和老板商量一下,不过,我想这个条件可以接受。 短语解 说 cost price 生产价格、成本价格 "cost",‘成本、花费’。这个说法即指产品在未附加任何其它费用之前的生产成本价格。另外,"cost price"也可解释为买下一批货时的进货价格,又称‘成本价格’。 invoice price 发票价格 "invoice",‘发票、收据’。‘发票价格’即是针对一商品登记在供货商发票上的价格。 句型总 结 ? 老实说… 1. To be honest,... 2. To tell you the truth,... 3. To be frank,... "honest", ‘诚实的’。这样子的句子开头语,经常可见于一般会话当中;就等于中文的:‘老实说,凭良心讲...’。若要说明是对某人说真话,即直接用介词"with"。在商业谈判中,"To be honest with you,..."是常常听到的用语。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 2A 询价 Inquiry 某零售商想向制造商打探新型计算机的详情。第一次接触时,买方应如何得到初步的数据呢, 英文正 5 International Business English 文 Our contacts in the computer industry speak highly of your new computer, the SuperWang. We would like to make an inquiry about it. That's fine. We have some catalogs that give full details of the SuperWang computer. I'll send them to you today. If you don't mind, could you also send us some information about your other products? We might be interested in them as well. Certainly. And if you have any other questions, please feel free to contact me anytime. Thank you. As soon as we have any further inquiries, I'll give you a call. Thank you for phoning, Mr. Smith. I hope we can do business together, and look forward to hearing from you soon. 中文翻 译 我们计算机界的朋友,对你们的新型计算机‘超级霸王’评价很高。所以我想问一下这个产品的情形。 太好了。我们有些‘超级霸王’详细的目录数据,我今天就给您寄过去。 如果您不介意的话,能不能也寄给我们一些贵公司其它产品的数据;我们可能也会有兴趣。 当然可以。如果有任何问 快递公司问题件快递公司问题件货款处理关于圆的周长面积重点题型关于解方程组的题及答案关于南海问题 ,请不要客气,随时跟我联络。 谢谢。只要我们想做进一步的查询,我会打电话通知您。 Smith先生,谢谢您来电话。希望我们有机会合作,我就静候您的回音。 短语解 说 make an inquiry about 针对(产品)询价 "inquiry"‘查询、询问’,商用上为‘询价’之意。指买方在采购前,为了对商品有更进一步之了解,而向卖方查询货 物价格及其它交易条件(如品质、数量、付款方式等)的行动。"inquiry"也可拼为"enquiry"。 full details of 全部(交易)细节 6 International Business English "detail",‘详情、细节’;在商业上另指‘交易细节’,为特殊用法。‘交易细节’是指买卖双方进行交易时必备的一些 数据,包括品质、数量、价格、付款方式、交货时间、保险购买等项目。因此"full details of.."有两种含意:一为 ‘有关…的全部详情’;二为‘…全部交易细节’。解释凭上下文而定。 further inquiries 进一步的询价 买方在询价之初,通常只要求卖方提供有关货物之一般性资料。经过评估比较后,若仍感兴趣则会提出‘进一步 的询价’。此时之‘询价’已较具体,次数亦频繁,交易成功的可能性亦随之增加。"further",‘进一步的’。 句型总 结 ? 如果您不介意… 1. If you don't mind... 2. If it's acceptable to you... 3. If it is no trouble (to you)... "mind",‘介意’。这是句客套话,说完这句话之后就可以接着提出本身希望的条件或将要执行的动作。这个句型 的用意是在礼貌性的询问对方是否同意你的提议。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 2B 询价 Inquiry 零售商以电子邮件发了一封询价信给供货商之后,第二天即与对方联络。以下就是供货商在电话中向他报价的情 形: 英文正 文 A: Good morning. We e-mailed an inquiry to you yesterday about the SuperWang computer. B: Oh yes! Thanks. I was told that our salesman, Mr. Chen, had solicited your inquiry. A: Yes. Mr. Chen. I met him at a trade show last month, and he gave me full particulars on the SuperWang. B: In your e-mail you asked for a quotation. We can quote you U.S. $800 for the item. A: That sounds good. When would be the earliest delivery date for an order of 2000 units? B: That's not a difficult matter, but I'll need to check. I think 20 days from the day the order is made would be the earliest date possible. 中文翻 译 7 International Business English A: 您早。昨天我们发了一封有关‘超级霸王’计算机的电子询价信给您。 B: 噢~有,有。谢谢。听说是我们业务员陈先生主动请你们来询价的。 A: 是啊~上个月在贸易展览上我和他见了一面,他给我‘超级霸王’所有的详细数据。 B: 您在信中要求我们报价,我现在就可报给您,是美金800元。 A: 很好。那如果订2000台,最快在什么时候可以交货, B: 这不难,可是我还要查一下。我想最快也要下订单后20天~ 短语解 说 solicit your inquiry 促请您询价 "solicit",‘恳求、请求’之意。"solicit your inquiry"是欢迎买者前来询问产品的商业客套话。一般询价通常由买方提出,但卖方为推广产品,亦可主动提供商品数据给买方,以期引起买方的与趣。这在销售上是一种反守为攻的主动作法。 quote 报价;开估价单 "quote"为动词,名词为"quotation"。这是指买卖其中一方(大多数为卖方)将价格及条件报给对方。这个字的用法与"offer"虽可交替使用,但实务上,用"offer" 时,通常已决定了交易数量及其它交易条件,而用"quote"或"quotation"时,却尚未敲定交易数量。 earliest delivery date 尽快送达;最早交货日期 "delivery"原意为‘运送、交付’;"delivery date";即交货日期,在国际贸易实务的习惯上,这其实是指‘装运日期’--"date of shipment"(由于国际贸易多采海上运输)但‘交货日期’又分为两种:‘即期交货’和‘定期交货’。‘即期交货’并未载明确切日期,因此容易发生纠纷,在实务应用上远不如约好交货日子的‘定期交货’来得普遍,而"earliest delivery date",,最早交货日期,属于未限定日期的‘即期交货"。 句型总 结 ? 何时会… 1. When would be...? 2. Can you advise me as to when...? 3. May I inquire as to when...? 8 International Business English 这个句型主要是很客气地询问对方‘什么时候可以做某件事’。"would be"与"will be"意义相同,‘将会是...’之意,但 口气上"would"比"will"要客气得多。所以在请别帮忙某事时是多用"Would you please...",而较少用"Will you please..."。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 2C 询价 Inquiry 一家服饰店在订货前,想向供货商谈谈折扣的条件。前者在以下这封信中很客气地提出自己的要求,充分显示欲 建立商业关系的诚意: 英文正 文 We are a group of stores that sell clothes, and on enquiry have learned you are a supplier with a wide range of clothes at competitive prices. We would like to inquire about making large orders, and place under negotiation a discount of 20% off your quoted list prices if we place large orders. If these conditions are acceptable, and you can meet orders of over 2000 pieces at the earliest delivery dates, we would like to make an inquiry for full particulars -- a catalog and price list. We look forward to hearing from you soon, and invite any inquiries you may have. 中文翻 译 我们是销售成衣的商店群,经询价后获悉贵公司以平价供应多种成衣。我们想询问有关下大订单,经过双方的协 商,是否可按你们报价单上的价钱打八折?如果我们下大订单的话。 如果贵公司可接受上述条件,而且能在最早交货期限内完成2000件,我们希望贵公司能提供详细的数据,如目 录价目表等。盼能很快收到回音,并非常欢迎你们前来询问。 短语解 说 on enquiry 经询问,询问后 "on"在此应解释为‘在...时,在之后’,表示一个动作发生之后,另一个动作即随之产生。因此"on enquiry.."是说‘经 由询问之后...’。 invite (any) inquiries 欢迎询问(询价) "invite"意思是‘邀请、请求’,"invite any inquiries"即表示很欢迎、很鼓励对方来询问任何有閞产品本身买卖条件 等的问题,与"solicit inquiries"的意思接近。 句型总 9 International Business English 结 ? 我们想要… 1. We would like to... 2. Would it be possible for us to...? 3. May we...? "would like to"这个词组意思是‘想做某事’,等于"want to",但语气较"want to"客气,这是商业、正式场合中做请 求的实用句型。可写做:"We'd like to..."。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 3A 报价 Offer 买方接到供货商的购货报价后,对价格有些意见,于是向供货商还价。但买方表现得相当坚决,我们可以从以下 会话得知: 英文正 文 A: Your selling offer sounds good, but we'd like to place some of the details under negotiation. B: We understand that our selling offer was simply to open the negotiations. Can you give us the details of your counter offer? A: Well, in our buying offer we would like to ask for 10 percent off your prices if we place orders over 5000 units per month. B: Well, that sounds reasonable, but I can't make a decision yet. I must discuss it with my boss. A: That's fine. But I must point out that the offer is only valid until the end of the month. B: I understand fully. I promise to get back to you as soon as possible with a counter offer. A: I must make it clear that there can be no counter offer. The answer must be either yes or no. If no, we'll look for another supplier. 中文翻 译 A: 您的售货报价看起来不错,但有些细节我们想提出来和你们商量。 B: 我们知道报价只是协调的开始。能不能详细说明贵公司的反报价, A: 我们的购买价是,希望能照价打九折。如果每月订货超过5000件。 B: 嗯~算是合理。不过,我现在还不能决定,我必须和我的老板谈谈。 10 International Business English A: 可以,但我必须声明,这个报价只到月底有效。 B: 我完全了解。我一定尽快给贵公司我们的发还价。 A: 这里我要说清楚,你们不能再还价。行就行,不行就算了。如果不行,我们就找其它供货商了。 短语解 说 selling offer 售货报价,销货要约 "offer",‘报价’;"selling offer",又称"offer to sell",是指卖方为销售货物,主动发给买方的报价。一般报价,大多是如此。 counter offer 反报价;还价 "counter",形容词,意思是‘相反的、相对的’。‘反报价’是指被报价人不能完全接受报价人的条件,但尚有交易意愿,乃将原报价修改,或附加新条件,再反过来向原报价人是出新报价。法律上视为‘新约’;贸易实务上则视为‘新报价’,此时原报价则失效。 buying offer 购货报价 "bid"(出价)。与"selling offer"正好相这是买方为购买货物,主动向卖方发出的报价。又称"purchasing offer"或 反。 the offer is valid until... 报价有效期限到... "valid",‘有效的、正当的’;"until",‘直到’,后面按时间日期。这是报价时常用的句型,意在提醒对方尽快回复,以免延误时效。关键词为"valid"。 句型总 结 ? 我必须说明... 1. I must point out... 2. I must make it clear... 3. I must tell you... "must",‘必须’;"point out",‘指出,特别说明’;这个句型之后可接"that"子句。"must"这个助动词使说话者的语气变得十分坚决,比"have to"与"should"都强烈,用于要求对方绝对遵守约定时。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 3B 11 International Business English 报价 Offer 买卖双方正在商议一宗买卖的条件。以下的对话中,报价人打算在短时间内,促使对方接受报价。 英文正 文 A: I'm thrilled that your company wants to do business with us. I'd like to submit an offer right now. B: You certainly do work fast. Can I tell my company this is a firm offer? A: Yes. However, it is subject to your reply being given within one week. I'm sorry, but I have to give you a short time limit. B: One week is not a long time, if you think of all the hardware and software details that we will have to talk about. A: I understand that, and I'm sorry. But we must be sure we can get those supplies soon. B: Well, I'll do my best to give you a call within two days at the latest. A: I appreciate that. I know I don't really need to say this, but we'll have to withdraw our offer if we don't hear from you by Friday. 中文翻 译 A: 很高兴贵公司要和我们做生意。我现在就可以报价。 B: 你的动作真快~我回去可以跟公司说这是确定报价吗, A: 可以。不过您要在一星期内答复才算有效。很抱歉,但我只能给你这么短的期限。 B: 一个星期实在不算长,想想有关硬件及软件的所有细节,我们必须讨论的。 A: 我了解,也觉得抱歉。但是我们一定要在这几天内确定是否能获得货源。 B: 好吧~我尽量最迟在两天内就回你电话。 A: 谢谢。我实在不需要再说这些,但是,如果星期五以前,仍未接到您的回音,我们就得撤回报价。 短语解 说 12 International Business English submit an offer 提出报价 "submit",‘提出’;提出报价可由买卖任何一方向对方提出表示愿意依自己所开的条件,与对方共定法律上有效的买卖契约,方式则以电报、传真或函寄为主。 firm offer 确定报价,稳固报价 "firm",‘稳定的、确定的’。"firm offer"即平常所谓的"offer",是目前国际上通用的报价方式。‘稳固报价’在报价单上载明了接受期限,并规定在期限内,所报出的各项条件都不得改变。因此被报价人只要在期限内接受,契约即告成立。而一旦对方有效地接受之后,报价之不得拒绝订立合约。 subject to your reply being given... 在(某时) "subject",在此为形容词;"subject to",‘依照,视...而定’。"reply",‘回答’。此句后面加上时间,用于规定接受报价的期限,例如:"subject to your reply being given within one week"(一星期内答复即视为确定报价)。 withdraw one's offer 撤回报价 "withdraw"‘撤回’。报价在被接受前,报价人得随时撤回。撤回的通知,须在对方发出接受通知之前抵达到对方。如在对方‘接受报价通知’发出之后,则撤回无效。撤销(cancellation)则不同,它是指报价生效后撤销报价,使之无效的行为。 句型总 结 ? 我不得不说... 1. I know I don't (really) need to say this, but... 2. I realize you understand this, but... 3. I know I don't need to remind you, but... "need to",‘必需’。"I know...but"这句型表示‘自己不得不’,事实上强调的是"but"之后所连接的子句,用意在提醒对方的注意。因为若直接提出可能发生的不利的情况,威胁意味明显;以此句开头,可以缓和语气。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 3C 报价 Offer 某制造商发函给进口商,主要是更正上次报价的条件。信函是这么写的: 英文正 文 13 International Business English We would like to modify the offer given to you in our fax last week. We have discovered that the material to be used to make each unit will be NT$1500, not NT$1000. Thus, we regret to inform you that the offer must be raised from NT$4000 to NT$4500 per unit. We are very sorry for the error; no extra costs will be passed on to you. As we stated in the last fax, this offer remains in force until the end of the month. Again, we remind you that this is an offer without engagement. 中文翻 译 我们想修改上星期传真给您的报价,因为我们发现制造每单项产品的原料价格应为新台币1500元,而不是1000元。因此我们很抱歉通知您,原报价格必须从每单项4000元提高到4500元。我们对这个错误感到十分抱歉,我们不会对您加收额外的费用了。和上一封传真提过的一样,这个报价到月底有效。此外,我们要再次提醒您,这是可变更报价。 短语解 说 modify the offer 修正报价 "modify" ‘修正、变更’。报价之后,如经对方同意,亦可做修正,例如变更报价之展期等。 offer remains in force until... 报价至...为止有 "remain"‘维持不变’。"in force",这个词组是说‘有效、实行中’;"force"在此意指‘效力’。"until"之后加日期,这个表达语等于"offer is valid until..."。 offer without engagement 不受约束之报价;可变更 "engagement" ‘约束’。此类报价方式之报价人有权变更原条件,即使已收到对方的确认函(电),仍可变更原报价。 句型总 结 ? 很抱歉通知您… 1. We regret to inform you that... 2. We are sorry to have to tell you that... 3. It is with (sincere) apologies that... 14 International Business English "regret"‘遗憾、抱歉’之意。"inform" ‘通知、告诉’之意,比"tell"正式严肃。此说法通常用于告诉对方坏消息时,一 开始应先表示己方之遗憾或抱歉,让对方先有心理准备,再进一步解说问题所在,要求对方的谅解或认同。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 4A 市场 Market 卖方欲向买方推销产品,但由于经济不景气,买方精打细算,处处小心。而卖方也是如此...... 英文正 文 A: It is my opinion that this is not a good time to put this new product on the market. B: Why not? Our market report shows that there's a demand for this product. A: I think the report is incomplete; I agree the product is good, but what the report doesn't show is that the market is on a downward trend. B: A good product will sell well whether the market is up or down -- it creates its own market. A: I don't think so. When the market slumps, there's no chance for a new product to sell in large numbers. B: But now it seems that unfavorable market conditions may get better soon. A: That's only a guess. We can't take the chance. 中文翻 译 A: 依我之见,现在并不是把这项新产品推上市场的适当时机。 B: 为什么不是,根据市场报告,这种产品有它的需求量啊~ A: 我想这份报告不太完整。我同意这是好产品,但报告没有指出的是,市场有下滑的趋势。 B: 好的产品,不管市场下滑或上扬,还是会卖的好;它会创造出自己的市场。 A: 我可不同意这一点。当市场暴跌时,新产品根本没有机会大量销售。 B: 可是目前看来,市场情况可能不久就会好转。 A: 那也只是猜测而已,我们可不能这么冒险。 15 International Business English 短语解 说 market report 市况报告,市场调查 "report",‘报告’。"market report"是指有关当地市场的生产量、交易量、存货量、成本价与市场走向的资料。此类数据通常可取自媒体报导,或者由买方或卖方聘请代理人提供。 market on a downward trend 市场有下滑的趋势 "downward" 向下的’;"trend" ‘趋势走向’。这个表达语形容某个市场由盛而衰。"downward"之相反字为"upward",因此‘市场有上扬的趋势’可说成"The market is on an upward trend."。 market slump 市场暴跌 "slump",‘重跌;不景气’之意。这个字强调突然的下跌,而非平缓地下降。整个词组是指某类产品在市面上的需求量骤然剧减;另外,它也经常用来形容股票市场的重挫情形。 句型总 结 ? 依我看… 1. It is my opinion that... 2. In my view,... 3. I feel that... "opinion",‘意见、看法’之意;"that"之后接自己想表达的看法。这句型很清楚地表明这只是个人的意见,不涉及是非对错,因此并没有强烈驳斥他人的意味。语气虽直截了当,却不失和缓。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 4B 市场 Market 买方预期景气即将复苏,打算抓住此一契机,与制造厂商联手出击,开创市场新天地。 英文正 文 A: We feel the market will soon be on the upgrade, and it's time to work together on this new product. B: I think we all agree that there will be a market boom soon. If we plan ahead, we shall beat our competitors. A: Yes. When people start spending the money they saved during the market slump, we'll do well. 16 International Business English B: We're ready to put a lot of money into making the product. Are you going to invest in marketing to develop the market for it? A: Yes. Our company is not making much money now, but we know if we spend money to develop the market for this product, future profits will be good. B: It's a feature of the market that people start to buy things only when they are sure the market is getting better. 中文翻 译 A: 我们觉得市场的行情很快就会上扬。现在合作推出新产品,正是时候。 B: 我想我们都同意,市场景气很快会好起来;如果我们提早计划,就可凌驾其它竞争者了。 A: 没错。等到顾客开始花他们在不景气时所省下的钱时,我们就发了。 B: 我们已经准备了一大笔钱来制造新产品。贵公司是否也要投资这个产品的行销,一起开发市场, A: 是的。我们公司现在虽然不是很赚钱,可是我们知道,如果我们投资开发这项产品的市场,未来的利润将会看好。 B: 这是市场的特色:也就是说大家非得确定市场会好转,才会开始买东西。 短语解 说 the market is on the upgrade 市场看涨 "upgrade",‘上扬、提升’;"up"在此有‘向上’的意思。市场看涨表示经济复苏,市价逐渐向上扬升,而商品交易亦日趋活络。与之相反者为"The market is off (down)."(市场下滑)和"The market is on a downward trend."。 market boom 市场繁荣;市场景气 "boom"‘繁荣;兴盛之意’。"market boom"是指因商品的需求增加,带动工业的生产,使得市场上的交易活动热烈。与"strong market"类似。 develop a market 开发新市场;拓展市场 17 International Business English 这个用语的基本意义是指,为一项全新推出或既有的产品寻求销售对象或通路。若针对全新产品,"develop a market" 是表示为此产品找到消费群,使之能顺利进入市场;若针对旧有产品,则表示为它开展不曾接触的贩卖 领域,如增加不同的通路或销往国外。 句型总 结 ? 我们都同意… 1. (I think) we all agree that... 2. (I am sure) we all think that... 3. (I know) we all believe that... "agree",‘赞成、同意’之意。表示谈话双方共同赞成之事。说者在听完对方提出的意见后,若有同意感则可用此 句拉拢彼此的距离。"agree"的相反词为"disagree",‘大家都不同意’可译为"We all disagree with that---"。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 4C 市场 Market 正当景气低迷之际,某公司聘请一位顾问为产品的结构把把脉,试图挽回市场颓势。顾问的建议如下: 英文正 文 A: If you want to increase sales in such a weak market, you will have to lower your prices. B: As I see it, that will make our profits go down. A: I know, but I think if you lower your prices, and spend a little more money on quality analysis, sales will go up. B: You mean if we lower prices and have better quality, we'll get more customers to buy from us? A: Exactly. You'll increase your market share while we're in a market slump. Then, when market fluctuations stop you can slowly raise your prices and make bigger profits. B: And in a strong market there will be many new customers. They'll buy from us because everyone will know we have the best-quality products. Thanks for your report. 中文翻 译 A: 如果贵公司想在这市场不景气的时刻增加销售量的话,就必须降价。 18 International Business English B: 依我看,这么一来我们的利润会减少。 A: 我知道,不过如果你们肯降价,再多花一点钱在品质分析上,业绩一定会提高。 B: 你的意思是,如果我们降低价钱,又把品质提高,我们就会吸引更多客户, A: 完全正确。这样一来,尽管市场不景气,你们的市场占有率反而增加。所以等市场回稳,你们就可以慢慢的提高售价,赚取更高的利润~ B: 而且在市场大好的时候,会有很多新顾客出现,他们会买我们的产品,因为大家都知道我们的产品品质最好~谢谢你的报告。 短语解 说 weak market 市场疲软 "weak"原指‘虚弱的、无力的’;在此是指‘不旺盛’。市场疲软发生在繁荣期过后;此时商品供过于求,交易活动渐趋冷淡。与"market boom"及"strong market"相反。 market share 市场占有率 "share"原是指‘所分得的一部份’;在此"market share"指某制造商及或某品牌同类产品的销售额占该产品市场总需求量的百分比。 market fluctuations 市场波动 "fluctuation"原指‘上下摆动、摇动’,在此指市场、物价不平稳。"market fluctuations"即是说某产品在市场上的价格涨跌不定。 strong market 市场坚挺 这个词组是指市场景气,对商品的需求很大。"strong",‘强壮的、坚稳的’;"strong market"与"market boom"相同;为"weak market"的相反词。 句型总 结 ? 依我看… 1. As I see it... 19 International Business English 2. From my viewpoint... 3. In my view... "as",‘如;就’之意。"see"在此不是‘看见’,应解释为‘知道、了解’。句型中的"it"是指前面所提到的某件事情或主 题,这句型之后就直接说明自己对这件事的看法。"As I see it"有缓和语气的作用,很清楚地让对方知道这仅是 个人的看法。这个说法与前面提过的"It is my opinion that ....."相似。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 5A 样品 Sample 买方收到寄来的样品之后,对品质感到十分满意。立即与卖方联络,提出订货的交易条件。 英文正 文 A: We have received your advance sample, and are very happy with it. We'll be placing an order with you in a few days. B: I'm glad to hear that. May I remind you that this was a keep sample? That unit will be added as part of the first shipment. A: Sure. And I should say that when we place an order, we always ask for a sale by sample agreement, so we can be sure of the quality. B: That's fair. Our products are always as good as the samples we send. I can promise there will be no debasement of quality. A: Thank you. So I guess it would be OK if we ask that the goods must be of Good Merchantable Quality? B: If that's what you wish, there will be no problem. As I said, there is no difference in quality between our samples and our goods. 中文翻 译 A: 我们已收到你们的先发样品,觉得非常满意。大概两三天后会下订单。 B: 很高兴听您这么说。我想提醒您,这是留存样品。这个样品到时就算在第一批货里面。 A: 当然。我也必须说明,我们下订单时,一向要求签署凭样品买卖的合约,这样才能确保产品的品质。 B: 这很合理。我们的产品一定和送出去的样品一样好。我保证品质绝对不会降低。 A: 谢谢~那我想应该没问题吧,如果我们要求货物符合良好适销品质的 标准 excel标准偏差excel标准偏差函数exl标准差函数国标检验抽样标准表免费下载红头文件格式标准下载 , 20 International Business English B: 如果您想这样的话,当然没有问题。我说过,我们产品和样品的品质绝对相同,不会有差别。 短语解 说 advance sample 先发样品 "advance",‘预先前面’。"sample",‘样品’,指代表买卖标的物之品质或外形的少量现货。与"specimen"一样。"advance sample"指订约之后,装运之前,卖方提供的样品;通常是生产中先完成的部份,以空运寄交买方。该样品若与契约中所规定的品质不同,契约可能因此取消。 keep sample 留存样品 "keep"有‘保留、留存’的意思。‘留存样品’是指寄样者奇出货样时,自己亦保留同品质同规格的货样,以供他日比对、参考。 sale by sample 留存样品 即以样品作为买卖标的物,约定品质并缔结买卖契约的方法。又分为凭买方样品、凭卖方样品及相对样品三种。 Good Merchantable Quality 良好适销品质 简称为G.M.Q.,是个表示品质标准的用语。卖方只需保证交货物的品质良好即可,毋需另以其它方面证明其品质。多用于无法利用样品或无国际公认标准物可循的情况,如木材、冷冻鱼虾等。若买卖双方对货物品质是否良好适销而发生纠纷,通常由同业公会仲裁解决。 句型总 结 ? 我必须说明… 1. I should say that... 2. I must remind you that... 3. I would like to make it clear that... "should",‘应该、必须’。"should"的口气虽十分坚决,但仍不及"must"直接。这个句型主要用于要求或提醒重要事情时,"that"之后接所要表明的事项。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 5B 样品 Sample 21 International Business English 买方样品是什么,卖方样品又是什么,到底双方应以何种样品作为标准,才能皆大欢喜呢,以下就是一篇有关寻 求标准样品的对话: 英文正 文 A: How do you usually find customers? I haven't heard of your company before. B: Well, we usually send a seller's sample to companies we think we can do business with, to see if they like our products. A: What if my company sends you a buyer's sample? Could you help us, or is that a problem for you? B: No, of course not. Please send us an original sample. We'll take a look at it and see if we can make the same kind of product. A: That would be great. We've been looking for someone to help us make a difficult product that is similar to yours, but it has not been easy. B: Well, after we look at the sample you send, we'll send you a counter sample as soon as possible to see if it is acceptable to you. 中文翻 译 A: 你们通常是怎么开发客户的,我从来没听过贵宝号。 B: 哦,是这样子的,我们通常会寄一份样品给认为能合作的对象,看他们是否喜欢我们的产品。 A: 如果我们寄买方样品去,你们可会接受,能替我们服务吗,或是会有问题, B: 没问题,当然没问题。请你们寄一份代表样品过来,我们先看看,才知道是否能制造相同的产品。 A: 这样太好了~我们一直留意找人帮我们做一件很难制造的产品,和你们的类似,不过一直没找到。 B: 等我们看过你们寄来的样品后,我们会尽快寄出相对样品,看看你们是否能接受。 短语解 说 seller's sample 卖方样品 22 International Business English 由卖方所提出之样品。实务上多以此为原则,因卖方对买方之货品应负有保证责任之故。 original sample 原样,代表样品 "original" ‘原物的、原本的’。以样品交易时,卖方通常准备一式数份的样品,而其中提供给买方的那一份,称为 ‘原样’;又因它是代表买卖标的物品质的样品,故又称为‘代表样品’。至于卖方自己保存的一份则称为‘复样品’。 counter sample 相对样品;对等货样 "counter"意思是‘相对的’。凭样品买卖的情形下,样品通常由卖方提供,但有时买方亦可主动提供,再交由卖方 承制。此时卖方可根据买方的样品先行仿制或挑选相似的样品,请买方确认;这种应买方样品而提出的卖方样品 即为‘相对样品’。‘相对样品’获买方确认后,日后交货即以此样品的品质及式样为准。 句型总 结 ? 如果…,可以吗, 1. What if...? 2. Suppose... 3. What do you say if...? "What if..."这句型可运用于两种情况;一是提出建议,问别人‘意下如何,是否可行’;二是表示恐惧忧虑,有‘万 一’之意。前者等于"What do you think if...?"。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 5C 样品 Sample 以下这封书信是一个老客户以轻松平易的语气,向厂商谈交易条件。 英文正 文 Thank you for your last delivery. You'll be pleased that the units you sent are selling well, and that the quality of the units match the buyer's sample we sent you. Many of our customers have been asking about your new product, the Mini-Motor. We would like to test the market for them. Would it be possible for me to have six units, sale on approval, before placing a firm order? This is because we feel we can't place a sale as seen order, since we don't know anything about the product. We ask that the samples, and the later orders we may place, be sale or return. 中文翻 23 International Business English 译 谢谢贵公司上次送来的货。你们一定很高兴,这批货销路很好,品质也完全符合我们寄给你们的买方样品。 我们很多客户一直在问你们的新产品,,‘迷你汽车’。我们想帮他们试一下市场的反应。可不可能先给我们六部当作试验买卖,在我们下订单之前。我们没有办法只凭检视就下订单因为我们对这些产品一无所知。所以,我们也要求,不管是样品或者以后所下的订单,都可以不合意就退货。 短语解 说 buyer's sample 买方样品 在订货生产的情况下,订货货物的样品多由买方提供,作为卖方生产的依据。卖方负有保证交付与样品相同货物的责任。 sale on approval 试验买卖 "approval" ‘认可、同意’。某些商品的交易中,卖方准许买方在一特定期间内使用或检验;若不满意,可以退货。试用期届满,买方未表示意见、货物也未退还时,则视为认购成立。 sale as seen 凭检视买卖 此指买方以当场看到或以前所看到的情形,决定购不购买。卖方对于所出售商品的品质与适用性并不附带任何保证,此种买卖多用于拍卖时。与"sale on seen"同义。 sale or return 准许退货买卖 "return",‘退货;归还’。‘准许退货买卖’是指买方可以在某一期间内,仅付已销售部份之货款而退还其余货物的买卖条件。若无明确约定期限,则以一合理时间计算。简称"S.O.R."或"S/R."。 句型总 结 ? 你会对…感到高兴 1. You will be pleased that... 2. I am sure you will be happy to hear that... 3. I am happy to inform you that... "pleased",‘欣喜、满足的’,与"happy"或"satisfied"同义。"that"之后衔接子句,说明值得高兴的事。这句型在商 24 International Business English 场上多用于通知好消息时。此句主词以"You"开头,表示自己很肯定对方一定会高兴,是熟朋友间的用法。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 6A 品质 Quality 买主由于担心所收到的货没有品质保证,打算就对方的品管制度做个了解,于是向厂长探个究竟…… 英文正 文 A: How can I be sure your products are of superior quality, as you promised? B: One of the reasons for our good quality products is because of our quality inspection system, which is the best of its kind. A: But a quality inspection system does not mean that each unit will always be up to the standard. B: We have trained analyzers to do quality analysis at the end of each part when we make the product. This means that no mistakes are made. A: Your salesman also told me that each worker is trained to do quality analysis. Can you tell me a little about that? B: Certainly. We provide quality analysis training as part of the training for all new workers, plus a week of further training every year. 中文翻 译 A: 我怎能确定你们的产品和你承诺的一样拥有最高品质, B: 我们的产品品质良好的原因之一是,因为我们拥有最优良的品质检验系统。 A: 但是优良的品质检验系统并不表示每项产品就都会达到标准啊。 B: 我们都有受过训练的分析师专门做品质分析,在产品制造的每一个完成过程中,也就是说没有错误会产生。 A: 你们的业务员也跟我提过,每过作业员都受过品质分析训练。你能不能谈谈这一点。 B: 当然可以。我们所有新进人员的训练课程中,都包括品质分析的训练,之后每年还有一星期的进一步训练。 短语解 说 25 International Business English superior quality 优等品质 "superior",‘优良的’;"super-"这个前缀有‘超级、上等、最’的意味。"superior"在这里是形容品质的优良。而依品质的优劣,除优等外,尚可分中等 ("ordinary")与劣等 ("inferior")。 quality inspection system 品检系统 "inspection",‘检验’;"system",‘系统、制度’。这是指用来检验产品品质是否合乎标准的一整套系统,目的在于提高商品品质、建立市场信誉、促进生产事业的发展。 up to (the) standard 达到标准 "up to"有‘达到’之意;"standard",‘标准’。这个表达语等于"reach the standard"。其它一些有关‘水准’的实用语有:"above the standard"(标准之上)"below the standard"(标准之下)。 quality analysis 品质分析 "analysis",‘分析’。‘品质分析’是对产品品质的特性、成分、物理性质、制造技术、等级、形状等所作的详细研究。通常须由专业人员执行操作,同时配合适当的设备方能完成。 句型总 结 ? 能否告诉我… 1. Can you tell me (a little) about...? 2. I'd like to know about... 3. Could you explain...? 这是询问信息的实用句型。采取问句的形式,较直述句有礼貌。"Can you..."可用"Could you..."代换,后者比较客气。"a little"是指请对方‘稍微谈谈、简短解释’;"about"后面即接想询问的事物。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 6B 品质 Quality 某出口公司外聘一位曾合作过的鉴定人,为其货品做品质分析。以下就是检验员所做的报告: 英文正 文 A: Our team has finished its analysis of your factory, and given us its surveyor's report. B: I'm sure that the report shows that my company is still making goods of customary quality. A: I regret to inform you that the opposite is true. There has been a debasement of quality since last year. 26 International Business English B: I don't understand. With our new quality analysis teams, our quality should get better, not worse. A: The problem seems to be that the workers are unhappy with the pay negotiations you are having right now. B: It's true there have been some troubles over pay, but I didn't think it would cause problems in the quality of our products. A: We cannot give you an inspection certificate now. But we'll do another inspection in two months, to see if things become better. 中文翻 译 A: 我们的组员已完成贵厂的产品分析,并已呈交公证人报告。 B: 我相信报告上一定表示我们公司所制造的产品,具有通常的品质水准。 A: 抱歉,事实正好相反。从去年到现在,品质已大幅低落。 B: 我就不懂了。凭我们新成立的品质分析小组,品质应该提升,而非变差~ A: 问题好像是员工对于公司正在进行的劳资谈判十分的不满。 B: 在酬劳给付方面的确是有些问题,但我想这不至于影响产品的品质吧,~ A: 我们现在还不能发检验证明书。两个月后,我们会再做一次检验,看看情况是否好转。 短语解 说 surveyor's report 公证人报告 "surveyor",‘鉴定人、公证人’,指地位独立具备专业知识的第三者;以鉴定或检验货物品质、规格、数量,或以 调查鉴定海难损失等为业之个人、公司或保险鉴定人。而‘公证人报告’是指公证人受托检验或鉴定状况之后所出 具的证明文件,又称"survey report"或"surveyor's certificate"。 customary quality 一般品质 "customary" ‘习惯上的、一般的’。"customary quality"是指一般习惯认定的品质。 inspection certificate 检验证明书 27 International Business English "certificate" ‘证书、执照’。‘检验证明’又称"certificate of inspection"、"certificate of quality"或"quality report of inspection",是证明装运货品的品质符合买卖契约规格之文件。进口商为预防出口商装运不符合 协议 离婚协议模板下载合伙人协议 下载渠道分销协议免费下载敬业协议下载授课协议下载 的货品或违 反输入国海关的规定,常要求出口商提出检验证明书。除输出国政府机构签发外,亦可由公证行、公证人、鉴定 人、制造厂商、同业公会、进口商分店或指定代理人签发,检验项目除品质、规格外,通常包括数量、包装等, 依信用状的规定而有所增减。 句型总 结 ? 很抱歉,我要说… 1. I regret to inform you that... 2. I'm sorry to tell you that... 3. It's a shame that... 这样的开头语通常用在通知别人坏消息的时候。"regret"是‘遗憾、抱歉’的意思;"inform"是‘通知’之意。"that-"子 句即表示很不愿告诉对方的事件、消息。这样的说法表示说话者的礼貌,并没直接讲出坏的结果或消息,且先表 示自己的遗憾。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 6C 品质 Quality 一家出口商以优异的品质,获得买主的青睐。以下就是买卖双方交易前的一段对话: 英文正 文 A: I can promise you that, if you buy our product, you'll be getting A-1 quality. B: I've looked at your units, and am very happy with them. Your goods are all far above standard quality. A: We spend a lot of money to make sure that our quality is much better. We won't sacrifice quality for quick profits. B: Well, we're really interested in placing an order under negotiation. We can start the negotiations as soon as you want. A: That's great. I'm glad we'll be able to do business together. I'll have some quotations ready for you by tomorrow morning. B: Fine. As well, would you mind if I asked to see the Lloyd's surveyor report of your products? I may have a few more questions about your quality analysis. 28 International Business English 中文翻 译 A: 我可以保证,如果你购买我们的产品,品质一定是一流的。 B: 我已经看了,货也很满意。你们的产品品质都远在标准之上。 A: 我们投资了大笔财力,就是要保证我们的品质胜人一筹。我们不会为了赚钱而降低品质。 B: 我们很想与贵公司商谈订单的事,只要贵公司方便,我们随时可以开始。 A: 太好了~能一起合作,我真的很高兴。最迟明天早上,我就会把报价单准备好。 B: 好~还有,你可以让我看一下你们的劳依兹鉴定人报告吗,我可能还有几个关于品质分析的问题想问问。 短语解 说 A-1 quality 一流品质 这个实用语亦作"A-one quality",为美式俚语,等于"best quality"、"first-rate quality"或"first-class quality"。"A-one"原本是指商船注册列为头等级者。 sacrifice quality 降低品质 "sacrifice",‘牺牲、降级’。这是指某些不肖业者,为节省制造成本,赚取更大的利润,在制造产品的过程中,偷工减料,使产品不能保持一定的水准。等于"to debase quality"。 Lloyd's surveyor 劳依兹鉴定人 劳依兹协会("Lloyd's")是销售海上保险单的个人所组成的团体;劳依兹鉴定人为该协会所雇用的专家,专门监督船只的建造与维护,并向劳依兹保险人(Lloyd's underwriter)报告船只的状况与损害的结果。劳依兹鉴定人在世界各主要港埠均有执业,亦向企业界提供有关品质保证、安全与风险分析等服务,为国际上信用卓著的鉴定组织。 句型总 结 ? 我可以保证… 1. I can promise you that... 2. I give you my word that... 3. I guarantee that... 29 International Business English "promise" ‘保证、应允’之意。这是提出承诺或保证的实用句型,主要是让对方安心。说话时应配合诚恳的态度, 才不会让人有开空头支票的感觉。"that"后面即保证应允的事情。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 7A 付款 Payment 卖方与买方就付款方式寻求合理的折衷 方案 气瓶 现场处置方案 .pdf气瓶 现场处置方案 .doc见习基地管理方案.doc关于群访事件的化解方案建筑工地扬尘治理专项方案下载 。从以下会话,我们可发现交货前付款与交货后付款对双方的影响: 英文正 文 A: If it's OK with you, we would like payment prior to delivery, since this is your first order. B: I understand why you would like it that way, but we prefer payment after delivery, because these goods are very expensive. A: I know they are very expensive, but why does that mean you should pay after delivery? B: It's a large order, so if we give an advance payment, we will have money trouble, because it will take three or four months to sell the goods and start to make a profit. A: I understand, but if we must pay to make the goods, and then must wait four months for you to pay, we will have money trouble too. B: Let's do it this way. We will pay in installments, with the first payment to be two weeks after delivery, then once a month after that. 中文翻 译 A: 如果可以的话,我们希望在交货前收款。因为这是贵公司第一次订货。 B: 我明了你们希望这样做的原因,但是我们是希望交货后再付款,因为这批货并不便宜。 A: 我知道很贵。但为什么这样你们就要在交货后才付款呢, B: 因为这批货为数不小,如果我们预先付款的话,将会有财务困难,而且卖这些货需要三四个月,才能开始获 利。 A: 我了解,可是要我们先花钱生产产品,又得等四个月才能拿到货款,那我们也会有财务困难。 B: 我看那这样吧~我们就分期付款~交货后两个星期付头期款,以后则每个月付一次。 30 International Business English 短语解 说 payment prior to delivery 预付货款 "payment"‘付款’。"prior"‘在之前的’,"prior to..."‘在...之前’。"payment prior to delivery"意思等于"payment in advance"或"prepayment",是指签约后,卖方尚未交货前买方即须付款。普遍适用于买方信用欠佳、买方所订的货物规格特殊、卖方资金短绌等情况。这种付款方式对卖方虽有利,对买方风险却很高,唯有在卖方信誉可靠时方可行。 payment after delivery 交货后付款 这种付款方式,由买卖双方约定付款日期,属于赊销(credit sale)。若卖方提供现金折扣,则会在发票上注明折扣的多少以及折扣的期限。若为记帐交易时,则买方只需在卖方所规定的期限之内付款。 advance payment 预付款 "advance",‘预付’。"advance payment"是指买方在卖方将货品装船前,预先付给卖方的货款。 installments 分期付款 "installment",‘分期付款’。又称"easy payment"。由卖方先将货品交予买方,并按契约规定于未来指定日,分若干期支付货款。卖方可采动产抵押、担保信用状、银行出具保证函等方式,保障自己的权益。 句型总 结 ? 我了解,但是… 1. I understand, but... 2. I sympathize, yet... 3. I can see your problem, but... 此句型通常用于听完对方的陈述或解释之后,仍不能赞同时。语气婉转,先表示体谅之心,再告知无法采取同一立场。"but"为转折连接词(等于"yet"),后面所接之句子,意义或人气须与前面之句子相反,但时态则须一致。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 7B 付款 Payment 又要逾期付款~卖方说什么也不能让它发生,但谈好的生意有如煮熟的鸭子,千万不能让它飞了。于是双方得协议一套付款的方式。 英文正 31 International Business English 文 A: We are having a little trouble selling the goods, so we want to ask if we could defer payment until the end of the month. B: I can't accept that, because this will be the second time you have not met the agreed-upon payment schedule. I will get in trouble if I let you defer again. A: OK. Would it be alright if we make the initial payment in two weeks, then pay in one-month installments after that? B: I'll have to check with my manager, but I think it will be alright if you promise there will be no more delays after that. A: I give you my word that payments will be made on time from now on. And I will make the initial payment a lump sum payment of half the total. B: That is even better. I'll phone you tomorrow to let you know what my manager says. 中文翻 译 A: 因为货卖得不太顺利,所以可不可以让我们延到月底再付钱, B: 我不能答应,因为这是你们第二次没按期付款了。如果我再让你们延期,我不会有好日子过的~ A: 好吧~那如果我们在两星期内付头期款,然后再每月付一次,分期付完,可以吗, B: 我得问一下我们经理。如果你们保证以后付款不会再拖的话,我想应该没问题吧~ A: 我保证从现在开始一定准时付款,而且我们会把总价的一半作为头期款,一次付清。 B: 那更好。我明天会打电话给你,看我们经理怎么决定。 短语解 说 defer payment 延付货款 "defer" ‘延缓延期’。‘延期付款’是指卖方于货物装运出口之后,将有关的货运单据寄给买方,买方经过一段时期 之后,再支付货款。这种方式对卖方风险太大,因此除非买方信誉卓著,或是卖方在进口当地设有分公司,收款 较方便外,极少采用。 32 International Business English meet the agreed-upon payment schedule 依约定的 "schedule",‘时间表’;"payment schedule"是‘预定付款的时间’。"agreed-upon"则是从动词词组"agree upon"(同意)转化而来的,意思是‘彼此约定好的、协议好的’,而"meet the schedule"意思是‘按时间表进行、赶得上进度’。故"meet the agreed-upon schedule"是指买方按照双方所约定的付款时间交款。 initial payment 头期款 "initial"‘最初的、开头的’。"initial payment"是指分期付款一开始所付的头期款。 lump sum payment 一次付款 "lump",‘块’;"sum",‘数量’。"lump sum"是商业专用语,等于"lump sum payment",简称为"I.S."。是指不论金额多寡都一次付款,常见于包工工程契约等。是"installment"的反义词。 句型总 结 ? 我不能接受 1. I can't accept that. 2. I'm afraid I can't agree with you on that. 3. I couldn't agree with you less. "accept"在此的解释等于"agree",是‘(心中)接受’的意思。这个句型表示不同意,语气强硬,如在句前加上"I'm afraid..."则有缓和的作用。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 7C 付款 Payment 买方想以赊账的方式付款,卖方起初颇为犹豫,但经过一番衡权轻重之后,决定…… 英文正 文 A: We'll be doing a lot of business with you in the future, so we'd like to have an open account with you. B: But because this is our first deal, we would like payment against delivery. After this time we can do business on open account. A: I think it is not a good idea to pay cash on delivery. The order is so small that it will cost too much just to send you the money. 33 International Business English B: If you promise there will be more orders in the future, I think it will be alright to open an account now, with monthly payments. A: It's better if we could make payment every six months. If our sales grow, then we can make bigger orders and pay more often. B: I think payments only twice a year is too slow. If you can agree to making payments every quarter, we can finish this deal. 中文翻 译 A: 因为我们以后会有很多生意上的往来,所以我们想采取赊帐的方式。 B: 但是因为这是彼此第一次合作,我们希望你们交货时付现。以后就可以用赊帐的了。 A: 我觉得货到就付现,不是好办法。这次订单的数额很小,要把钱汇给你,挺划不来的。 B: 如果你答应将来会下更多的订单,我想现在开个账户,然后按月付款应该也是可以的。 A: 要是可以半年一付,那就更好了~如果销售看好,我们会下更大的订单,并且增加付款的次数。 B: 我想一年只付两次太慢了,如果你们同意三个月一付,这笔生意就算成交了。 短语解 说 open account 赊账 "account",‘账户’。一般简写为"O/A",属交货后付款。卖方待货物出口后,即将货运单证直接寄交买方,货款即以借贷之名记入买方帐目,等约期届满,再行结算。此种以记帐方式交易,对卖方风险颇大,除大公司对海外分公司或子公司销售产品时使用,国际贸易上少见。 payment against delivery 交货时付款 这是最合理的付款方式。国内及国际上多采此‘银货两讫’之付款方式。卖方交运后,即以代表货物所有权之单证交付买方,买方付款后承受单证,取得货物所有权。 cash on delivery 货到付现金 34 International Business English "cash",‘现金’。"cash on delivery"又称"collect on delivery"通常略作"C.O.D."。依这种付款方式,卖方将货物运 出,货物到达目的地时,买方须将全部货款交付卖方或其代理人,方可取货。此付款方式多用于国内交易,国际 贸易上,除空运外少用。 句型总 结 ? 如果能…,会更好 1. It would be better if... 2. It would be more acceptable if... 3. We would be happier if... "would be better",‘会更好’。此句为假设用法。说话者借假设语气提出本身的要求,"if"后面即接要求;使用过 去式,表示‘如果现在或以后能...’。此种用法表明了说话者本身的期望,而不是命令的口气,是既高明又礼貌的 用法 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 8A 订货 Placing Orders 买方终于肯下订单了~可是不巧厂商正逢假期停工日。这笔生意是否会成交呢,请看: 英文正 文 A: We like your product, and are interested in placing an order with you as soon as possible. B: Well, we can't proceed with the order until after the Christmas holiday. Our factories will be closed for another week. A: That's alright. We will send you a purchase order in one week. I hope you will be able to take care of it. B: No problem. Once we get your purchase order, we will begin the execution of the order right away. A: Thanks. We need the products in less than one month, because we have a big deal with another company. By the way, will payment against delivery be OK? B: That will be fine. And I can promise you that you will get the goods about two weeks after we get your purchase order. 中文翻 译 A: 我们很喜欢贵公司的产品,想要尽快向你们订货。 35 International Business English B: 呃,恐怕要等到过完圣诞节以后,我们才能开始接订单。我们工厂要多休一个星期。 A: 行~一个星期之内我会寄订货单给你。希望你们能够加以处理。 B: 保证没问题。我们一接到您的订单,就会立即开始生产。 A: 非常感谢。我们必须在不到一个月之内就拿到货,因为我们和别的公司有一笔大生意~对了~交货时付款可以吗, B: 可以。而且我保证你大约在我们收到你们的订单两个星期后就可以取货。 短语解 说 place an order 订货;下订单 "place"在此为‘发出’之意。"place an order"即买方向卖方订购货物的表示。若买卖标的物的价钱、品质条件已确定,买方仅须向卖方提出采购的数量与交货时间等项目即可。若基本条件尚未确定,则须请卖方发出售货报价(selling order)。为避免混淆不清,通常会以书信的方式确认订货。 purchase order 订单,订货单 又称"order sheet"、"order note"或"indent",为买方向卖方订货时所发出的书面通知。通常在买卖契约成立后,买方会将货物名称、品质、数量、价格、包装、交货及付款等交易的基本条件载明寄给卖方,作为买卖契约书。 begin the execution of an order 开始履行订单 "execution" ‘履行’。这个表达语是指卖方在接到订单后着手进行交货的工作。若卖方本身为工厂则需先取得原料,而后开始制造产品;若为贸易商,则需先与厂商联络货物的制造与交货等事宜。一般而言,‘履行订货’即卖方在确认交易成立后,将订单上的条件付诸实践。 句型总 结 ? 还有,…可以吗, 1. By the way, will...be OK? 2. Also, would...be OK? 3. One more thing; is...alright with you? 36 International Business English "by the way"为常用口语,即‘顺便一提’的意思,但在中文里没有确切相同的 翻译 阿房宫赋翻译下载德汉翻译pdf阿房宫赋翻译下载阿房宫赋翻译下载翻译理论.doc 。这整个句型是以"by the way" 做开头语,继而加问一个问题,口气上是想减弱后面跟着的要求之重要性。因为前一个要求已被应允,说话者谢 过对方后,趁着和谐的商谈气氛,立刻再提出第二项要求。"will...be OK?"是‘...可行吗,’。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 8B 订货 Placing Orders 买方表达订购的意愿之后,冷不防提出附带条件——试购。卖方虽大感头痛,却也不愿失去这笔订单。双方协议 如下: 英文正 文 A: We will carry out the order when the purchase order gets here. B: Good. And because this is our initial order, and your product is so new, we would like to make a deal with you. A: Well, actually in most cases we don't talk about special deals, but since this one is so new I will listen to what you have to say. B: We want to make this a trial order. If we sell all the products in two months, we will pay for them; if not, we will send them back to you. A: I can't agree to that. My company will have to pay for both sending them and bringing them back. B: We promise that if the products are sold out in two months, we will place a repeat order right away, at the same size. A: OK, I agree. But the repeat order can't have the same terms. 中文翻 译 A: 你们的订单一到,我们就会进行生产。 B: 很好。但是因为这是初次订货,而且你们的产品又这么新,我们想另外跟贵公司打个商量。 A: 嗯,事实上我们通常是不再谈优惠条件的,不过既然这是新产品,我就洗耳恭听。 B: 我们想用试订的方式。如果所有的产品能在两个月内卖完,我们就付钱;如果卖不掉,我们就退货。 A: 这个我不能同意,因为我们公司得花钱送货,又得花钱把退货运回来。 B: 我保证如果所有的货能在两个月之内卖完,我们会立刻续购同数量的产品。 37 International Business English A: 好吧~不过,下次的订单可没有同样的条件啰。 短语解 说 initial order 初次订购 "initial"‘初、始’之意,此语即买方根据卖方来函、价目表及样品等所提出的初次购买。一般而言,此种订购,多属尝试性质,数量不会太大。新产品推出时,此情况较常发生。 trial order 试验性订价,试购 "trial" ‘试验’。买方之所以采用试购,是由于对某项新产品的品质、效益、市场行销性等没有把握,或者对首度接触合作的厂商还不太信任时,只作少量的订购,以试探产品的销路或效用。试购之产品如果成功地打进市场,则表示双方将有长期生意往来的希望。 repeat order 再订货,续订 "repeat"原为‘重复’之意,在商场上是指‘再订货’。买方在订购并行销过某产品后,若觉得满意,便会依前次订货的内容、条件与价钱,再次向卖方订货。 句型总 结 ? 通常我们是不会… 1. In most cases, we don't... 2. Usually, we would not... 3. Generally, we cannot... "case",‘案例’;"in most cases"即有‘一般情况’之意。这样的句型有两种功用;其一是委婉地否决对方的要求,表示无法答应乃因不能破例;另外,它也可用来强调你的做法是特例通融,意思就是‘我们本来都不...(但是对你特别...)’。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 8C 订货 Placing Orders 卖方的推销员费了一番唇舌与努力之后,终于争取到客户;除讨论订货催货之外,卖方亦不忘建立长远的合作关系。 英文正 文 38 International Business English A: Your salesman has been trying to secure an order from us; we now want to place an order with you. B: That's good to hear! We will be happy to accept your order, and will get to work on it right away. A: We will send you a purchase order in the very near future. We want to ask you to hurry on the execution of the order. B: I don't think that will be a problem, but I'll have to check and make sure. I'll let you know when I confirm your purchase order. A: Thanks. If we are satisfied with the products, I think we will make many more orders later. B: Good. And maybe we can talk about some of our other products as well. We've got a new keyboard that should hit the market very soon. 中文 TOP? 翻译 A: 你们的业务员一直在争取我们的订单,现在我们就要向你们订货了。 B: 很高与听到这个消息~我们很乐意接受您的订单,而且会立刻开始生产。 A: 我们不久就会把订货单寄去,同时也请贵公司加紧履行订单的工作。 B: 我想应该没问题,不过我还是得问一下才能确定。等确认购货的时候,我再一起答复您。 A: 谢谢。如果产品令人满意的话,我们以后会下更多的订单。 B: 那太好了~也许我们可以谈一谈本公司的其它产品。我们有一项新型的键盘就快要上市了~ 短语解 说 secure an order 取得订货 "secure" ‘获取’。"secure an order"是说卖方已收到买方确定购买的凭证。买卖交易,常受外界因素影响,就算 买方已经知会卖方采购的意愿,仍可能有所更动。因此卖方通常会在正式收订单之后,才确认买卖交易成立。在 此期间,卖方会与买方密切保持联系,随时注意其动向,务必尽快争取到订单。 accept an order 接受订货 39 International Business English 是指卖方在收到买方订单后,愿意履行订单上所载明的各项条件(如品质、单价、数量、交货期限、包装、保险等),也就是同意做这一笔生意。 hurry the execution of the order 迅速履行订货 "hurry" ‘赶、催’。这个表达语是指买方急需得到货物,要求卖方尽快交货。故此动作实为‘催货’。 confirm an order 确认订货 "confirm" ‘确认’。交易成立后,卖方将交易成立之书面凭据("sales note"‘售货单’,或"sales confirmation"‘售货确 认书’)寄交买方表示‘确认订货’。通常卖方会在其书面凭据后面印上有利于本身之一般交易条件,但此条件乃卖方片面行为,较易引起纠纷,尤其在处理大宗交易时,买方应特别注意。 句型总 结 ? 也许我们可谈谈… 1. Maybe we can talk about... 2. Perhaps we can discuss... 3. I hope there will be a chance to talk about... "maybe"为副词,‘可能、也许’之意,常用于句首,表示可能性。这样的句型常见于说话者想提出建议但不想太 直接时。而在表达反对意见时,该句型则有缓和语气的作用,让对方没有当场被否定的感觉。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 9A 包装 Packing 一家电视厂商打算运送一批电视机到加拿大,因此特别写信询问包装的报价: 英文正 文 We are a large TV manufacturer, and wish to export a shipment of special televisions. The weight and measurement of the shipment will be as follows: 2 tons, with measurement about 38 cu. ft. The goods are to go to Vancouver, Canada, and then to Ottawa, so the casing material must be able to withstand the hazards of different kinds of transportation. Could you please send us details of your packing expenses? We can promise you more business in the future if you quote a competitive rate. 中文翻 译 40 International Business English 我们是一家生产电视的大厂商,拟出口一批特殊型的电视,重量与体积如下:总重2吨,体积约38立方英尺。 货物得先经加拿大温哥华,再到渥太华,因此装箱材料必须禁得起不同运送方式的磨损。 可否请您告知包装如何收费,如果报价合理的话,我们保证以后会有更多合作的机会。 短语解 说 weight and measurement 重量与体积 "weight",‘重量’;"measurement",‘体积、尺寸’,是指包装货的长、宽、高(例如:15"x12"x18")。一般运输作业时,常规定每件货物的最大尺寸,超过其限制则按高度计算。船运公司对于超重、超大或超长货物,每件都加收费用。 casing material 装箱材料 "casing",‘装箱’,为最普遍的包装包法,多指装木箱而言。箱子种类可分为箱(case、皮条箱)(crate,以木板条钉成,又称格子箱)、茶箱(chest,中型夹板箱, 内衬锡箔或锌箔,又称箔箱)、与纸箱(carton)。外箱的内部,一般仍须衬垫杂物。有些包装材料是某些国定所禁止的,故买卖双方应先协议并明订于契约中。 withstand the hazards of different kinds of transportation "withstand",‘经得起’。"hazard"‘危险’。货物的包装与运送的安全成正比,有完善的包装,才可将运输上的危险降至最低。而完善的包装应至少注意(1)包装坚固完整;(2)包装材料适合货物特性,并考虑装卸港口的气候变化;(3)力求整齐划一,不宜超长、超大或超重,节省包装费用;(4)依买方指示办理;(5)合乎进口国家海关之规定。 packing expenses 包装费 "packing",‘包装’。"expense",‘费用’。当输出者为专业出口商时,往往由商品供货商打包,包装费则包含在进货成本之内,无须再列入进口价格中计算。 句型总 结 ? 可否请您… 1. Could you please...? 2. Would you be so kind as to...? 3. We would appreciate it if you would... 41 International Business English "could"在此并非表示过去的时态,而是客套的用法,可用"can"代替,但语气不及用"could"正式、有礼;若加上 "please"尤其显得客气。这是请求别人做事的实用句型。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 9B 包装 Packing 出口商重新要求特殊的包装材料,包装公司因此申明价格将有所变动。下面为双方就此事展开的对话: 英文正 文 A: We need these goods to be packed in aluminum-foil wooden cases, because they are made of special materials. B: Well, last time you told me on the telephone that you wanted the most economical packing. This will cost you more. A: I understand. What I meant was that even though we needed special packing materials, we wanted to use the most economical. B: Are there any other things you want us to take care of when we pack the goods? A: No, but can you be sure to avoid scratches and knocks against the container? These goods are very expensive, and easily damaged. B: We always take extra care with every shipment. As well, we'll let you see the packing list before we send the goods. 中文翻 译 A: 这些货我们要求用铅箔衬里的木箱来包装,因为这批产品材料特殊。 B: 可是上一次你在电话里跟我说要最便宜的包装啊~这样一来会比较贵喔~ A: 我知道。我上次的意思是说,虽然我们必须用特殊的包装材料,但还是要最便宜的。 B: 还有没有其它我们在包装货物时要特别注意的事情, A: 没有了。不过你能不能保证货物不会擦撞到货柜,这些货可是又贵又容易损坏的~ B: 放心~每批货我们都会特别注意。还有,出货前,我们会给你看包装单~ 42 International Business English 短语解 说 aluminum-foil wooden cases 铝箔衬里木箱 "aluminum",‘铝’。"foil",‘铺上薄金属片’。"aluminum-foil"是指‘铺以铝箔片的’。所谓‘铝箔衬里木箱’系于木箱内加衬铝箔,以防潮湿或其它损害,是一种较特殊的包装,通常用于价格高、易损或易遭窃的货品,价钱比一般包装昂贵许多。 economical packing 经济式包装 "economical",‘经济的’。‘经济式包装’是指可节省包装材料、人工及运费的包装方法。一般用于价格不高、耐磨损、耐撞击,不怕水渍、不怕氧化的普通货品。 packing list 装箱单 是指记载某批货物各项内容的文件,由出口商编制,为商业发票的补充文件。若整批货物各包件内容(花色、尺寸、大小等)相同,仅需在发票上写明包数或箱数即可。否则均需提供此单,以便进口商了解每件货物的内容。 句型总 结 ? 我的意思是… 1. What I meant was that... 2. What I wanted to say was that... 3. My idea was that... "meant"为"mean"的过去式。这个说法用于对方不了解自己曾经说过的话,或是为了加深对方的印象时,有重新理清意思的功用。"what"用以代替先前所说的事项。"what"子句做主语,代表单数的概念,因此必须使用单数的动词,例如在此即使用"was"。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 9C 包装 Packing 由于货品的完好攸关公司的信誉,有家出口商为慎重起见,再三叮咛装运公司应注意细节。 英文正 文 A: These goods can be broken very easily, so we would be thankful if you would be sure to use durable packing materials. B: That will be no problem. We never use any kind of inferior packing. Your goods will be safe. 43 International Business English A: Good. And can we ask you to put a country of origin mark on each container? B: We always do that anyway, but I'll make a point to check it for you, since it is so important. A: You always put a quality mark on each container?! For this shipment it is crucial to us that you do. B: We don't usually do that unless we are asked to. I'll tell my staff to take care of this for you. A: Thanks. This shipment is so important to us there cannot be any foul-ups. 中文翻 译 A: 由于这批货极易受损,所以拜托你们务必使用耐用的包装材料。 B: 绝对没问题。我们公司从来不使用任何劣等包装。你的货会很安全的。 A: 那好~能否请您在每个包装箱都印上原产国标志呢, B: 我们一向都这么做,不过既然这个标志这么重要,我一定会再帮你检查的。 A: 每个包装箱上也有品质标志吧,~这个对这批货来说很重要。 B: 除非客户要求,我们通常不会加印。不过我会交待手下特别帮你注意这点。 A: 谢了~这批货对我们来说太重要了,不能出一点差错的。 短语解 说 durable packing 耐用的包装 "durable",‘经久耐用的’。这是指可防止破损、湿气、破裂、折断等的包装方式,一般用于较易毁损的货物,因 此所用的外包材料为较坚硬者,如铁皮、木片等,而填充物则有稻草、木屑、纸屑等。 inferior packing 劣质包装;次级包装 "inferior",‘劣质的;次等的’。卖方为节省材料、人工、运费等,有时会选择较差的包装材料,或较粗糙的包装 方式,造成货物易于毁损。故买方在订购较昂贵物时,应特别要求卖方给予货品适当的包装。 country of origin mark 原产国家标志 44 International Business English "origin",‘起源,出身’。"country of origin"是指货品的原产国。原产国标志载明货物于某国制造、生产、或加工。 大多数国家的海关,对于未标明原产国的货物,都规定不准进口。 quality mark 品质标志 ‘品质标志’即‘等级标志’(Grade Mark),是表示货物品质等级的记号,通常以A1、A2或A,B,C 等符号表示。 但由于许多货物是凭样品交易,因此并无注明品质等级的必要。 句型总 结 ? 我一定会(做某事) 1. I will make a point to... 2. I will be sure to... 3. I will take extra care to... "make a point",‘特别...,强调...’的意思;而"I will make a point to ..."是表示自己必定会特别关照或保证会做到 某件事;此乃向客户强调保证的实用句型。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 10A 保险 Insurance 出口商为寻求最符合本身利益的保险,特别请教一家保险公司的经理。双方就全险与平安险的利害得失作了一番 比较。 英文正 文 A: What kind of insurance policy would you like? I'm sure we can help you in any way you need. B: We need to send a shipment to the United States. We want to find out about your marine insurance. A: Well, since you told me the goods are very valuable, I think insurance against all risks would be best. B: AAR will cover any problems that happen. But I don't think there is any chance that our goods will be stolen, for example, so I think we don't need a policy that is so expensive. A: May I suggest a free of particular average policy? That will cover you if the ship sinks or burns, or gets stuck. B: That's better, but I think we need to cover more kinds of things, like damage by seawater for example. 中文翻 45 International Business English 译 A: 您想投保那一种险,我们一定可以提供您所需要的任何服务。 B: 我们有一批货要运到美国,我想了解一下你们的海上保险。 A: 嗯,既然您说这批货很贵重,我想保全险是最好了。 B: 全险对任何问题都有保障是没错,但是,举例子来说,我想我们的货不可能被偷,所以我认为我们不需要这么贵的保险。 A: 那保平安险如何,如果船沉了、烧毁了或搁浅了,您都可以得到赔偿的。 B: 这比较合适,不过我想我们可能需要多一点保障,例如像水渍损害之类。 短语解 说 insurance policy 保单 "I/P",为证实保险人与被保险人之间成立保险契"insurance"‘保险’;"policy" ,‘保险单’。保单又可简称"policy"或 约的正式文件,载明双方当事人所约定的权利与义务。当保险纠纷发生时,保单为唯一具备法律效力的证据文件。 marine insurance 海上保险;水险 "marine",‘海上的;海事的’。‘海上保险’是指保险人向海上运送标的物的物主承诺,若其标的物因特定危险导致损害时,会给予补偿的契约。 against all risks 全险;一切险 "risk",‘危机’。这个专有名词又可简称为"A.R."或"A.A.R.",亦称"All Risks",为保险范围最大的海上保险。除航海中止、兵险、罢工险、货物本身固有瑕疵、一般漏损与破损以及恶意行为等之外,全险保险承保货物于运输中因外来因素所引起的一切损失。 free of / from particular average 平安保险 "average",‘海损’,为商业专有名词。"particular average"是指‘单独海损’,指货物在海上因不可预料的危险所造成的部份损害。"free from"意思是‘免除’。可简称为"FPA"。 句型总 46 International Business English 结 ? 您喜欢何种的.., 1. What kind of... Would you like? 2. What sort of... Are you interested in? 3. What type of... Do you prefer? "What kind of"‘何种’,"would you like"等于"do you want",此句型是用来了解别人想要什么的客气用法。商谈间 用此句型,有直接进入主题的作用,不但可清楚了解对方的需求,同时也兼顾礼貌。须注意"What kind of"之后 应接单数名词,不必加冠词。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 10B 保险 Insurance 买卖双方协商出口货物投保的事宜,投保‘全损险’是否得当,它又有什么优缺点呢,请看以下会话: 英文正 文 A: We would like to ask you some details about this agreement. Have you taken out insurance yet on this shipment? B: Yes. We talked about it with our underwriter, and think that we should get a policy for total loss only. A: Why TLO? That only helps if the goods are destroyed, or damaged so badly that they can't be used. B: We have shipped a lot of goods. We think TLO is the best policy for this shipment. Trust us. A: OK. I know you've been in this business longer than we have. I'll trust you this time. B: Thanks. There is really no need to worry. Our company has never lost money because of under insurance. Your shipment is secure. 中文翻 译 A: 我们想请教您有关这份协议书的某些细节。您是否已经替这批货物投保了, B: 是的。我们和保险公司谈过,觉得应该投保全损险。 A: 为什么要保全损呢,这种险只有生效于货物全毁时,或货物极度损坏时。 B: 我们出过很多货,我们觉得全损险对这批货是最合适的。请相信我们。 A: 好吧~我知道你们做这行的时间比我们久,这次就听你们的。 47 International Business English B: 谢谢。真的不必担心。我们公司从来没有因为不足额保险而造成损失过。你的货不会有问题的。 短语解 说 take out insurance 投保 "take out"字面意思是‘取出’,在商业用语上常指‘取得、拿到’,例如"take out a license"(领得执照)。而"take out insurance"意思即是‘投保’,等于"effect insurance"或"effect a policy"。 underwriter 保险业者;水险商 动词"underwrite",在商业上指‘签名于(保单上)、立保险契约’。名词"underwriter"简写为UW或U/W,即经营海上货物保险业务的个人,又称为"underwriting agent"。起源于英国的劳依兹保险协会(Llody's),因其承保会员有权以自己的名义承保,而承保者在承保时须在保险单下签署,故称之。 total loss only 全损险 简称T.L.O.,又称"free from (of) all average"。"total loss"为‘全损’,是指保险标的物因危险而全部损失或产生等同全部损失的损害,而使被保险人遭受损失者。全损险只担保全损,不承保部份全损,是以全损险对被保险人的保险甚少,故在贸易实务上甚少采用。 under insurance 不足额保险 "under"为‘低于...’之意;‘不足额保险’指保险金额低于保险价额的保险。发生损害时,保险人可依保险金额与保险价额的比例赔偿;也可依特约条款约定,在保险金额以下的损失,不按比例摊赔,而按实际损失赔偿。 句型总 结 ? 我们与…(人)谈过 1. We talked about it with... 2. We discussed it with... 3. We went over it with... "talk about"为‘讨论’,等于"discuss",使用过去式表示已经与某人谈论过这件事。"with"之后所接的人,常为有关人士或权威人士,表示自己所说的话并非出于主观判断,乃有凭有据,以提高说词的可信度与客观性。在此说话者欲以讨论者所代表的权威,博取对方的认同。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 10C 48 International Business English 保险 Insurance 有批货品价值不菲,公司里两位负责的职员私下讨论,到底要不要保全险呢, 英文正 文 A: What kind of insurance did you have in mind? We must be sure that we have comprehensive coverage. B: I agree. If the goods are lost or damaged, and we can't file an insurance claim because we have the wrong policy, we'll be in big trouble. A: I know. The value of the goods is just too high. If we lose them our company will lose a lot of money, and may have to close. B: I think we should get an AAR insurance policy. That way, we will be covered for any kind of loss or damage. A: Good idea. Even though the insurance premiums will be higher, we will be safer. B: Yes. If we lose the shipment, its value is much higher than any extra premiums we will have to pay. 中文翻 译 A: 你认为保什么险比较好,我们一定要确定这个险承保的项目够多。 B: 我同意。如果万一货物遗失或受损,却因投错了险而无法索赔,那麻烦就大了。 A: 我知道。这批货物的价值不小,如果弄丢了,公司要亏很多钱,还有可能因此倒闭呢~ B: 我想我们该保个全险,那样的话,任何遗失或损坏就都在投保范围内了~ A: 好主意~虽然全险的保费比较贵,但我们就可以放心一点。 B: 对啊~万一这批货搞砸了,它的价值,可是比现在得多付的保费高出太多了~ 短语解 说 coverage 承保范围 49 International Business English "coverage",原指‘包括范围’,用于保险业,则指‘保险种类、承保范围’,为保险人在契约中载明对被保险人承保 的危险范围。 file an insurance claim 提出保险赔偿 "file"‘申请’。"claim",‘索赔’。 insurance premium 保险费;保费 "premium",‘费用’。‘保费’是指保险人因保险契约订立而承担保险赔偿责任后,向被保险人所收取的报酬。 句型总 结 ? 我们必须确定… 1. We must be sure that... 2. We need to take care that... 3. We have to guarantee that... "be sure"是确定之意。"must"必须,带有极强烈的绝对意味。此句型用来表示一个人对某事极为重视,后接"that" 子句,说明所重视的事情。而在上句话的前后文,通常会提及若不遵守,将会带来何种严重的后果,让听者感受 到某种威胁。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 11A 装船 Shipping 买方为了节省费用,改以船舶运输。除了向卖方通知这项决定外,还有一项额外的要求。您知道是什么吗,请看: 英文正 文 A: We don't need the goods urgently, so we want to ask you to send us this shipment by ship. B: Sure. I'll call the freight forwarding company today to take care of the shipment. A: Great. Air freight is much more costly than sea freight, so we want to save as much money as possible. B: I understand. When all of the details of the shipment are finished, I'll send you all of the shipping documents that you will need to get the shipment. A: Thank you very much. This time, could you take extra care to review all of the details on the shipping documents? 50 International Business English B: Absolutely. I know there was a mistake last time, and it was our fault. I promise it won't happen again. 中文翻 译 A: 我们并不急着要这些货物,所以想请你们把这批货用海运寄交。 B: 好的。我今天会打电话给货运公司,吩咐他们处理这批货。 A: 那好~实在是因为空运比海运贵太多了,我们想尽量省一些钱。 B: 我了解。我一把装船的所有细节料理完后,会立刻把提货所需的出口文件全部寄给你。 A: 真是太谢谢你了。这次你能不能多费心,把出口文件的所有细节都仔细对过一次呢, B: 一定,一定。我知道上次的文件有个地方错了,是我们的疏忽,我保证这种事绝对不会再发生。 短语解 说 freight 货物;运费;运输(货物) "freight",有三种不同的解释,但都跟‘运输货品’有关:(1)指‘货物’,简写作Frt.,一般指水运或空运的货物;在美国亦包括铁路和公路运送的货物。(2)指‘运费’,又称,"freightage",为运送人承运货物所收取的报酬,因收费方法不同而分为许多种。(3)指‘运送方式’,常与表示‘海’、‘空’的字合成一词;如"air freight"--空运,"sea freight"--海运。 freight forwarding company 货运承揽公司 "forward",‘运送’。"freight forwarding company"又作"freight forwarder",此种公司介于运送人与托运人之间,受托运人委托,以本身名义代为处理进出口货物装卸的水陆运输业务,再收取运费及手续费作为报酬。在现行国贸实务中,此种公司的服务是货与船之间不可或缺的联系。 shipping documents 货运单据;出口文件 "shipping",‘运货’;"document",这个名词可狭义地指货运单据,如海、空运提单、邮政收据、复合运送单据、铁路提单等,即证明货物装运、发送或接管的单证。若广义来看,则凡用以证明货物已交运、或证明货物已保险、货物品质及数量等单证,如提单、保单、商业发票、包装单、检验单等,皆可称为‘货运单据’。 51 International Business English 句型总 结 ? 我们想要求你… 1. We want to ask you to... 2. We request that you... 3. We would like you to... 这个子句以"we"当主词较"I"有力,表示这是团体的要求,而非个人主观的要求。"ask"在此是指‘要求’;"want+to+V." 是表达期望、要求的实用句型,比直接用"We ask you..."来得婉转。一般而言,句子越简短,表达的语气就越强 烈,命令的意味也较浓,例如:"I request that..."就比"I want to request that..."强硬。如要表示客气的请求,则 可使用"I would like to ask you to..."。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 11B 装船 Shipping 买方与卖方对装船的日期展开讨论,双方就装船抵达港口与装船通知的时间交换意见。请看他们所达成的口头协 议: 英文正 文 A: I want to thank you for giving us your business. What are the details for this consignment? B: Well, we need the goods to reach our customer by the end of this month, so I'd like the shipping date to be March 10th. A: No problem. If we send the consignment on March 10th, it will arrive on March 30th. I'll give you a call to let you know. B: OK. Can you phone me back as soon as possible? If there's need to make any changes in the arrival date, I'll have to tell my customer right away. A: I'll be sure to do that. Can you get the shipping advice in the next two days? I'll need to show them to the shipping company. B: I'll get one of my staff to take care of that today, and send them over to you by tomorrow morning. 中文翻 译 A: 谢谢您把生意交给我们做。这批船货有那些事情该要注意的呢, B: 是这样的,因为我们必须在月底前把这批货送到客户那里,所以我们想把装船日期订在3月10号。 52 International Business English A: 没问题。如果我们3月10号把货物运出,3月30号货就会到。等我把日期确定了,会打电话告诉你。 B: 好。你能尽快回我电话吗,如果交货日期有所变动的话,我就得马上通知客户。 A: 我一定会尽快回你电话。你能不能就在这两天拿到装船通知,我得交给船运公司看一看。 B: 我今天会派人处理这件事,明天一早就送过去给你。 短语解 说 consignment 寄送之货物 "consignment",在文中是指‘寄送或装出的货物’,与"shipment"(装运的货物)同义。唯在英国,是指除船舶之外以其它运输工具装运的货物。而在商业上,此词常另有两种重要的含义:一是寄售或委托出售;二是寄售或托卖的货物。 shipping date 装运日期;装船日期 依国贸上的习惯,‘装船日期’即指‘交货日期’。虽然‘装船’本义为装货入船,但实务上已解译为‘将货物交付海上运送人、航空公司、邮局或陆上运送人’。故装船与交货实际上已通用。又可称为"date of shipment"。 shipping advice 装运通知;装船通知 "advice"‘通知、报告’;"shipping advice"又称"notice of shipment"。指出口商向进口商告知货物已于或将于何时何日装运某船的报告。其内容通常包括货名、装运数量、船名、装船日期、契约或信用状号码等。装运通知的作用在便利买方(或进口商)取得保险或准备提货手续时,便于了解装货内容。 句型总 结 ? 派人(部属)处理 1. ...get one of my staff to take care of... 2. ...have one of my staff take care of... 3. ...ask one of my staff to handle... "get someone to do something"是‘要某人做某事’,为指使他人办事的实用型。"get"的宾语若为人,其后应加不定词;若为无生命的事物,则以过去分词表示‘让它变成为...’。"staff"是‘团体中的职员,幕僚’;"take care of"即‘处理;办理’之意。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 11C 53 International Business English 装船 Shipping 出口公司的两位职员都深感运费太贵了,到底他们能否改变这项事实呢,请看以下会话: 英文正 文 A: I think the freight charges for this consignment are much too high. B: Maybe next time we should try a non-conference shipping line. The charges are lower. We can save some money. A: That's a good idea. People always think that the service is not so good as conference shipping lines, but I know other companies have used them with no problems. B: I don't think our goods have left the port of shipment. We can call our freight forwarding company. A: No, the bill of lading has been done, and was sent to our bank in the importer's country two days ago. It's too late. B: I see what you mean. The importer has probably already got it. We'll have to wait until next time to try a new shipping line. 中文 TOP? 翻译 A: 我觉得这批货的运费实在太高了~ B: 也许下次我们该试试非运费同盟的船,他们收费比较低,我们可以省一些钱。 A: 这主意不错。大家都以为他们的服务不如运费同盟的好,可是据我所知,别家用过他们船的公司也没出过问 题。 B: 我想我们的货应该还没离开装货港吧,还来得及打电话给货运公司呀~ A: 不行啦~提单已经写好,两天前就已经寄给我们在进口国往来的银行~太晚啦~ B: 我懂你的意思了;进口商可能都已经领到单据了~只好等下一次再试试新的运货船啰~ 短语 TOP? 解说 54 International Business English non-conference shipping lines 非运费同盟定期船 "conference",‘协会’,在海运业务上是指‘运费同盟’(shipping conference)。"non-"这前缀有‘非’的含意;"line"是指‘定期船’。此种定期船是指未参加运费同盟之船公司所经营的定期商船。由于部份运输业者为求营运免受约束,或因本身条件不符同盟规定,而未参加海运同盟。其力量与组织虽不如同盟业者,但营运则较为自由;而运费多自订或参照运费同盟所订者打折,一般而言较同盟费率低。 port of shipment 装货港 "port",‘港口’。‘装货港’又作"port of loading",为提单上货物装运或船公司装载货物的港口。装货港地点是列在国贸契约或信用状上的装运条件之一,用以预计货物的到达日期,并作为在某港装船的凭证。 bill of lading 提单 "lading"为‘装船’,动词是"lade"。"bill of lading",,提单,简称B/L,是运送人或其它代理人所制发交与托运人的货运收据,也是运送人与托运人协议将货由一处运到另一处的契约凭据。在商业习惯上,专指‘海运提单’,持单人享有提单所载货物的权利,在海运业务习惯上,同一批货有数份正本提单,每份效力皆相同,在货物到达目的港后,仅凭一份即可要求运送人交货,而一经提货,其余各份自动作废失效。 句型 TOP? 总结 ? 我了解你的意思 1. I see what you mean. 2. Gotcha. 3. I see your point. "see"为‘了解;看出来’;"what you mean"是‘你的意思’,"what"等于"the thing that"。这句型用于双方沟通一阵子后,终于了解对方意思或想法时,有恍然大悟的意味。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 12A 索赔 Claims 收到的货,竟然严重损毁,半数以上不能使用~买方在愤怒之余,仍需冷静处理,尽速发出‘索赔通知’信函,,这是补救工作的第一步。 英文正 文 Please regard this letter as preliminary notice of claim. We are not satisfied with the shipment we received from you. The goods received rough handling, and there was a lot of breakage. Not all of the goods were broken, but most of them are damaged enough that we will not be able to use them. 55 International Business English We feel that the problems were caused by your company. Your employees did not make sure that the shipment was done in the best and safest way. Thus, we are entitled to make a claim against you. We have asked an independent surveyor to look into the situation. We will inform you of his opinions on this matter later. 中文翻 译 请注意这封信是索赔的初步通知。我方对所收到贵公司的货物,很不满意。货物处理的方式草率随便,导致大量毁损,虽然不到全毁的程度,但多数已损毁到不能使用的地步。 我方认为问题出在贵公司。贵公司人员对于这批货,并未注意以最安全妥当的方式来处理,所以我方有权提出索赔。本公司已聘请独立鉴定人前来调查问题,调查完毕后,再通知贵公司。 短语解 说 notice of claim 索赔通知 "notice"‘通知’;"claim"‘索赔’。货主在获知货物遭受损害后,应争取时效,迅速对保险公司或代理人发出索赔通知;等到索赔额算出之后,再提出式索赔函件与其它文件单证,正式请求赔偿。索赔通知为初步的通知,内容简略,供被索赔人审核,以做事前的准备。 be entitled to make a claim 有权索赔 "entitle",‘给予权利’;"be entitled to..."字面意思是被赋予权利去做某事,可译成‘有权去...’;"make a claim"则为‘索赔’。通常自认有权索赔时,需出示充分的理由,向对方举证。 independent surveyor 独立鉴定人,独立公证人 "surveyor",‘鉴定人、测量员’。‘独立鉴定人’又可说成"public surveyor",指独立于第三者的地位,具备专业知识,专门鉴定或检验货物品质、规格、重量、数量,或调查鉴定海难损失等,为专业的个人、公司或保险鉴定人。‘独立’是指其执行公证业务时,不得受自身的利益或利害关系人委托的影响。 句型总 结 ? 请视(此…)为… 1. Please regard...as... 56 International Business English 2. Please consider...as... 3. We ask you to look at...as... "regard" ‘视为’,"regard A as B"这词组是说‘把,当作,’。这个句型常用于正式的书信往来中,少见于口语上, 主要在正式提醒对方某事或某行为的目的或用意。此信一开头就用这句话,有开门见山的意味。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 12B 索赔 Claims 买方收到一批有问题的货,以长途电话向卖方兴师问罪。到底问题是出在哪,而卖方又如何向对方交代以示负责 呢, 英文正 文 A: The goods you sent us did not meet our specifications, so we feel that you should fix the problems and make it up to us. B: Please, there's no need to be so angry. We can talk about it, then maybe fix things. A: Most of the goods were underweight. This kind of thing can only happen if the exporting company did not do its job, or was trying to cheat us. B: We always do a good job, and I don't think you should say we are trying to cheat you. I'll check why the goods were underweight. A: Good. As well, we feel that there were too many defective items. B: Well, I promise I will check into these problems, and find out if we were at fault. But I think you should wait until I finish my report to send us a letter of claim. 中文翻 译 A: 贵公司寄来的货物,不符我们要求的规格。我们认为,你们应负责解决问题,并补偿我们的损失。 B: 请息怒,别生这么大的气嘛~我们可以谈谈,或许可以把问题解决。 A: 大部份的货都重量不足。只有外销公司没有尽到责任才会发生这种事,或者是存心欺骗。 B: 我们一向很尽责,而我也觉得你不该指责我们有意欺骗。我会查清楚为什么货物会重量不足。 A: 好吧~还有,我们觉得瑕疵品太多了。 57 International Business English B: 好,我保证一定会仔细调查这些问题,看看是不是我们的错。但是我想您该等我完成调查报告后,再发出正式索赔信函。 短语解 说 underweight 重量短失 "underweight",‘重量不足’;这在贸易索赔中是指"shortage"(‘短失’)的一种。‘短失’是指数量上的疏漏而造成索赔事件的原因;又可分为重量短失("underweight"或"shortage of weight")与内容短失("shortage of contents")。‘短失’情况的发生即指包装单及出口公证报告均已列明装运,但货到后却发现货品不完整。 defective items 瑕疵品 "defective",‘有缺点、瑕疵的’,"item",在此指‘货品’。瑕疵品是指所交的货品因生产技术不良,或设备差而产生瑕疵,多不涉及卖方的故意行为。其它有关于品质的索赔项目,尚包括品质的不佳(inferior quality)、劣等品质(inferior grade)、混入不良品(inferior quality mixed in)、混入劣等品(inferior grade mixed in)、规格不符(different specifications)、品质不同(different quality)与式样不同(different type)。 letter of claim 正式索赔信函;索赔通知书 正式索赔信函,应注意:(1)据实告知对方,不可欺骗;(2)不感情用事,客观理性地说明;(3)陈述须具体,例如引用明确案号、日期;(4)应分析可能造成的影响;(5)提示解决之道;(6)不轻言停止来往;(7)表示希望早日解决。 句型总 结 ? 同时,我们认为… 1. As well, we feel that... 2. In addition, we think that... 3. We also feel that... "as well",‘同时,也’这个句型用于补充说明,因此不适合用在会谈的开始。通常是起话头之后,提出与主题相关的意见;它与"by the way..."不同,后者是用于改变话题。在此"We"比"I"更具说服力,表达大家一致的看法。而"feel"等于"think",意思为‘认为、觉得’,"that"子句则表示意见。 商务英语 / 洽谈国际贸易 / 12C 索赔 Claims 买方收到瑕疵品,严重地延误了商机,原本谈成的生意也泡汤。以下是他向出口代理商提出抗议并获得同意赔偿的情形: 58 International Business English 英文正 文 A: The percentage of defects in the consignment you sent to us was much too high. We have lost money because of it. B: We know that the problem was caused by us; we would like to agree on an out-of court settlement. A: We also want to settle this problem as fast as possible. If you won't cooperate, we're going to submit the claim to arbitration. B: I want to make it clear that we accept the claim, and want to know what you want us to do. A: You can make amends for the losses by replacing all of the defective products, and paying for the business we have lost. B: That sounds OK. One of my people will go to your office tomorrow to talk about what replacements are needed, and the money for your other losses. 中文 TOP? 翻译 A: 瑕疵品的比例,在你们送来的这批货中高得离谱,害我们亏了好多钱。 B: 我们知道这个问题是我们造成的,我们同意私下和解。 A: 我们也想尽快解决问题。所以如果你们不合作的话,我们就提请仲裁。 B: 我要把话说清楚,我们同意理赔,也想了解贵公司要我们如何做。 A: 你们可以更换所有的瑕疵品,并赔偿我们这一回所丢掉的生意,来弥补我们的损失。 B: 可以~明天我们会有人到贵公司洽谈换货;还有赔偿其它损失需多少钱的事。 短语 TOP? 解说 submit a claim to arbitration 将索赔提交仲裁 "submit"‘提出’;"submit something to..."意思是‘将某事交给’。"arbitration" ‘仲裁、公断’。国际贸易所发生之索赔 纠纷,如当事人双方无法以友好方式解决,通常会推选公正人士为仲裁者(arbitrator),为双方做公平合理的判断, 59 International Business English 而当事人亦应服从仲裁者的决定。其判断与法院之确定判决,具有同样效力。 out of court settlement 私下和解 "court",‘法院’;"settlement",‘解决’。"court settlement"是指‘在法庭上和解’,而"out of court settlement"则是在法庭以外解决,也就是‘私下和解’。这是指当事人双方不诉诸法律途径,自行谈判、寻求解决之道。这是较理想的方式,因为一旦提起诉讼,难免耗时费力,且伤及双方感情。故非不得已,大多数当事人仍采用私下和解做为解决索赔纠纷的方式。 accept the claim 同意理赔 "accept",‘接受‘之意。是指被要求赔偿者经调查、研判后,愿付起商业道德的责任,赔偿对方的损失。 句型 TOP? 总结 ? 索赔 1. You can make amends for...by... 2. I suggest that you make amends for...by... 3. Could you make it up by...? 这是索赔时的实用句型。"amends"此字是以复数形式当单数名词。"by..."则是表达索赔的方法。"You can..."这类的句型用于提议,口气直接而明白。但此说法并无强烈命令的意味,不像"You have to..."或"You must..."这两个句型,非要对方这么做不可。 60
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